| Chinese | English |
| 一气吹，下子 | at one blast |
| 一旦爆堆受到开挖、'运输或后续处理时扰动、这种物质就随时会释放到大气之中 | This material remains available to be released to the atmosphere whenever the muckpile is disturbed by excavation, transport or subsequent handling |
| 一部分煤气被一些工厂燃烧以提供过程热、结果导致现场二氧化碳排放量进一步增加、而其他工厂可能用电或其他能源作为替代 | Some plants will combust a portion of the gas supply to provide process heat leading to farther onsite CO₂ emissions, while others may employ electricity or other sources of energy as an |
| 不透空气的 | air-sealed |
| 两相气压泵 | double diaphragm air assisted pumps |
| 为了社会正气、他敢想、敢说、敢做 | He dares to think,to speak and to act on behalf of a healthy tendency in society |
| 产生化学气体的药剂 | chemical gassing agent |
| 人们发现、氨生产过程中释放的二氧化碳一部分是来自提供热量的气体燃烧、另一部分来自于提供氨合成气所需的原料气的制备过程中 | CO₂ emissions from ammonia production are found both in the combustion of a proportion of the gas to provide process heat and from the reforming of the feedstock gas to provide ammonia synthesis gas |
| 人们注意到、这种物质很可能悬浮在空中、称为悬浮微粒。并认为这种物质可由人呼进肺腑、穿透肺部的气体交换区 | This material is recognized as being likely to become airborne and farm an aerosol хим. and considered to be capable of being inhaled by humans, penetrating the gas exchange region of the lungs |
| 从预测大气模型和测声设备中获得的数据输人到大气折射模型、从而能评价气象对爆炸现场周边区域内的冲击波能级的影响 | Real-time data from a predictive meteorological model and sounding equipment is input to an atmospheric refraction model that enables the effect of meteorology on airblast levels in the area surrounding the blast site to be evaluated |
| 众所周知、所谓温室气体在大气中的浓度增加进而这种气体吸收反射的红外线、导致全球温度上升。据信、大气温室气体浓度的增加、正是近来测到全球气候变暖的原因之一 | Increased atmospheric concentrations of so-called greenhouse gases GHGs are known to increase global temperatures by absorption of reflected infrared radiation and are believed to be contributing to the recently measured global warming |
| 低气压试验模拟火工品在实际使用中可能遇到的高海拔环境,考核火工品在低气压作用下性能是否符合规定要求的试验 | low pressure test |
| 低估了天气的影响力 | underestimated influence of weather |
| 余留的毒气 | afterdamp |
| 促成超压强度的主要爆破参数是每次延时的装药量以及药包裸露于大气的程度、或者说药包的埋深 | The primary design-parameters which contribute to the intensity of overpressure are the charge weight per delay and the extent of exposure of the charges to the atmosphere, that is,the depth of burial of the charges |
| 储气罐俗称“风包”。储存一部分压缩空气，减缓空压机排出气流脉动的容器。兼有从压缩空气中分出油、水的作用 | air receiver |
| 充人气体的 | gassed |
| 典型的爆破气体释放剖面及相关下游采矿作业也在本文的研究之列 | Typical emission profiles from blasting and related downstream mining operations are also examined in this work |
| 冲击波超压能级受爆破设计、实施工序及当时大气条件的影响 | Airblast overpressure levels are influenced by the blast design and its implementation,and the prevailing atmospheric conditions |
| 冲击波超压这一术语仅指爆破作业时产生的、且超过无所不在的大气压力的一种压力 | The term airblast overpressure means simply a pressure generated during blasting operations above that of atmospheric pressure that is always present |
| 况且、气体的浓度不同、比如在爆轰态、会造成不同的膨胀状态 | Also, different gas concentrations result at different states of expansion,for example at the detonation state |
| 凉爽的空气 | cool |
| 减少有毒气体排放 | reduced emission of noxious gasses |
| 爆破时分解气体C-J 面后的物质成分已完全变成了炸药的爆轰产物,称为分解产物区 | decomposition gas |
| 加水帽自然排气爆炸胀形针对自由界面自然排气爆炸胀形的缺点，人们目前更多地采用了加水帽爆炸胀形的装置,水帽的作用在于减少自由界面对爆炸冲击波的干扰，提高爆炸装药所释放出能量的有效使用率，并可消除零件成形后的上部端口形成收口状问题，使零件胀形质量明显提高 | high water free air-out explosive expanding |
| 加水帽自然排气爆炸胀形针对自由界面自然排气爆炸胀形的缺点，人们目前更多地采用了加水帽爆炸胀形的装置,水帽的作用在于减少自由界面对爆炸冲击波的干扰，提高爆炸装药所释放出能量的有效使用率，并可消除零件成形后的上部端口形成收口状问题，使零件胀形质量明显提高 | high water level explosive expanding |
| 加速大气腐蚀试验 | accelerated exposure test |
| 化学气泡水基炸药 | chemically gassed water-based explosive |
| 化学气泡法 | chemical gassing |
| 区域性气候类型 | regional weather patterns |
| 即便在爆破完全封闭且岩石没有破碎的情况下、穿行在岩层的压力脉冲会继续向前进人大气 | Pressure pulses traveling through the rock continue onward into the atmosphere even when the blast is completely confined and the rock is not broken |
| 压气喷水爆破 | airborne-water blast |
| 压气爆破 | air shooting |
| 压气爆破利用高压气体突然释放所产生的爆炸效应破煤的方法。它用于有瓦斯、煤尘爆炸危险的采煤工作面。按产生高压气体的原理有压缩空气爆破筒、二氧化碳爆破筒和水蒸气爆破筒三种 | compressed-air blasting |
| 压气爆破 | compressed air blasting |
| 压气爆破 | air breaking |
| 压气爆破筒 | air cylinder |
| 压气药卷 | pneumatic charge |
| 压气装药 | pneumatic loading |
| 压气装药 | pneumatic charging |
| 压气装药器 | pneumatic charging apparatus |
| 压缩空气爆破筒 | compressed-air shell |
| 反射板自然排气爆炸胀形加工时在毛料上方安放一块具有一定质量和一定几何尺寸的金属板，它与毛料之间的间隙可用木质垫片调整，此板即称反射板。反射板可以重复使用，它与毛料之间的间隙又可把气体排出。而水帽则不能重复使用 | free air-out explosive expanding with a reflection plate |
| 反应性气体 | reactant gas |
| 发疝气 | rupture |
| 受空气阻力影响的动态方程 | equations of motion under the influence of air drag |
| 受空气阻力影响的飞石运动方程 | equation of the flyrock motion under the influence of air drag |
| 另外、为避免气体的碳释放到大气中、可能需要碳的捕获和储存技术 | Alternatively, carbon capture and storage CCS technologies may be required to avoid these emissions to atmosphere |
| 可燃混合气 | combustible gas mix |
| 可能引起争论的是、对实际现场条件所引起气体的浓度测量、可提供一种改进的方法 | It might be argued that measurements of gas concentrations arising from real field conditions could provide an improved approach,however such programs would need to cover a wide range of conditions and explosives and could be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming |
| 向后吹的气流 | blow-back |
| 吸附气体在分子力作用下被束缚于矿物颗粒表面的气体 | adsorbed air |
| 吹气blow 的过去分词 | blown |
| 吹气 | blowing (blow 的现在分词) |
| 喷气 | airblast |
| 喷气式 | jet type |
| 因此、无法用理想的爆轰法则提前明确量化温室气体量 | Thus, no definitive quantification of GHGs Greenhouse Gases can be done a priority using ideal detonation codes |
| 固-气界面 | solid-air interface |
| 国家海洋气象管理局 | National-Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| 圈闭空气 | entrapment of air |
| 大气二氧化碳浓度 | atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide |
| 大气压力下产生的高温固体物质 | solid,high-temperature products yielded at atmospheric pressure |
| 大气压表压 | barometric pressure |
| 大气折射模型 | atmospheric refraction model |
| 大气污染技术情报中心 | Air Pollution Technical Information Center |
| 大气温室气体浓度 | atmospheric GHG concentration |
| 大气温度和风速的变化会影响爆炸能在空气中的传爆 | Variations in air temperature and wind velocity influence the transmission of blast energy through the air |
| 大气温度的增高、促使声速增加、这是说在这些条件下、大气折射可将冲击波挡回到地面 | An increase in air temperature causes an increase in the speed of sound, which means that in these conditions airblast emissions can be focused back toward the ground by atmospheric refraction |
| 大气环境 | atmospheric condition |
| 大气、空气 | atmosphere |
| 孔底空气间隔 | stand off |
| 学术气氛 | academic atmosphere |
| 孩子的气球挤炸了 | The child's balloon exploded due to compression |
| 密闭气体与大气隔绝而封闭于土中的气体 | closed air |
| 尽管爆破气体释放对于炸药用户来说感觉最为明显、但只是炸药生命周期中最少的一次气体释放 | detonation emissions are the most obvious to explosive users, though they represent one of the smallest emissions in the life cycle |
| 巨型喷气式飞机 | jumbo |
| 庄稼长势好坏很大程度上取决于天气 | Good crops are dependent to a great extent on weather |
| 底部空气垫层装药结构，其特点是空气层在炮孔底岩石表面与药柱下端之间，空气垫层上面是一连续药柱，爆炸时利用底部空气垫层调节爆炸气体压力，延长其作用时间,改善了爆破效果 | charge with bottom air buffer |
| 当大气条件促使温度随高度而增加时、就称为温度的逆变现象 | A temperature inversion is said to exist when atmospheric conditions cause temperature to increase with the altitude |
| 当药包在岩体中爆炸时、炸药在高压力下瞬间转化为高温气体 | When an explosive charge is detonated in rock, the charge is converted instantly to a hot gas at intense pressure |
| 影响气体超压的因素 | factors influencing air overpressure |
| 影响空气冲击波释放的可控因素是装药重量、炮孔直径、抵抗线、堵塞高度和爆炸定向 | controllable factors that affect airblast emission include charge weight, hole diameter, burden, stemming height and blast orientation |
| 径向空气不耦合装药结构 | radial air decoupling charging structure |
| 快速运动的气体 | fast-moving gas |
| 恶劣气候 | harsh climate |
| 打气 | blow |
| 排气压力空压机最末一级排出的空气压力压强 | discharge pressure |
| 排气量空压机单位时间内排出的、换算为吸气状态下的空气体积 | air capacity |
| 排放气体 | gasing |
| 排放系数用来估算因爆破释放到大气中的飞尘量、而这里所报道的模型则估算爆堆碎为尘粒后的整个比例 | The emission factors are intended to estimate the amount of dust liberated into the atmosphere by the blast, whereas the modeling reported here estimates the total proportion of the muck pile broken to dust sized particles |
| 控制爆破气体传播 | control of explosion gas propagation |
| 改进后的爆破技术可对降低矿山温室气体排放的总强度做出巨大贡献. | improved blasting can make a significant contribution to reducing the overall intensity of GHG emissions from mines |
| 敏化通常是通过利用微球或化学气泡而产生的 | Sensitization is usually brought about by the use of microballoons or chemical gassing。 |
| 无毒气延时电雷管 | gasless electric delay detonator |
| 暖气燃烧 | belching-burning |
| 最近几十年、由于二氧化碳及其他温室气体的大量排放、人们关切的全球变暖问题敦促诸多工业调研和实施减少气体排放的标准 | Global warming concerns due to large quantities of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases GHGs in recent decades are driving many industries to investigate and implement emissions reductions |
| 有些气体如果管理不当、会引起爆炸 | Some gases are explosive if not properly managed |
| 有人建议、用炸药里碳的总含量来作为确定爆炸时的温室气体排量的基础 | It is proposed that the total carbon content of the explosive should be used as the basis for GHG determinations from detonation |
| 有害气体凡对人体有害的气体，都称为有害气体 | harmful gas |
| 有毒气体井下由于煤炭、矿石、坑木的氧化, 积水和特殊地层吸附氧气，使氧分减少, 或者由于煤炭、矿石及地层中渗出气体的影响，均会使井下空气的成分发生变化。这种气体称为矿井气体、矿井瓦斯或危险气体。有毒气体则指有害气体中微量的带毒性的气体。例如一氧化碳、氮的氧化物等 | toxic gas |
| 有毒气体井下由于煤炭、矿石、坑木的氧化, 积水和特殊地层吸附氧气,使氧分减少；或者由于煤炭、矿石及地层中渗出气体的影响,均会使井下空气的成分发生变化。这种气体称为矿井气体、矿井瓦斯或危险气体。有毒气体则指有害气体中微量的带毒性的气体。例如一氧化碳、氮的氧化物等，参见 toxic gas | poisonous gas |
| 有毒气体含量的测定将炸药置于特制的钢弹内爆炸,测定爆炸后气体产物中一氧化碳和氮氧化物等的含量，以每千克炸药爆炸生成的一氧化碳和氮氧化物等的体积量表示。或按各种有毒气体对一氧化碳的毒性系数换算成标准的一氧化碳体积来表示总的有毒气体含量 | determination физ. of the amount of toxic gases |
| 有生气的 | active |
| 本文介绍将爆炸破碎粒度分布估计在 1 微米的方法、以便在各种岩石爆破时、对空气中有可能产生的可呼吸的浮尘作以定量比较 | This paper describes an approach to the estimation of blast fragmentation size distributions down to 1 micron so that quantitative comparisons can be made of the likely generation of air-borne, inhalable and respirable dust when different types of rock are blasted |
| 本文建议使用爆破气体释放标准以保护海洋哺乳动物、并介绍了在水下施工爆破邻近区域探测海洋哺乳动物的优选方法 | blast emission criteria are recommended for the protection of marine mammals, a preferred method described far the detection of marine mammals in the vicinity of underwater construction blasting,in this paper |
| 本文探讨与工业炸药的生命周期有关的温室气体排放问题 | This paper examines the GHG emissions associated with the life cycle of industrial explosives |
| 正是涌人大气的爆生气体、其最后的合成、其实难以准确定论 | The exact final composition of detonation gases emitted to atmosphere is actually difficult to determine with certainty |
| 此外、对爆生气体的实地测量受上述所有因素变化无常的影响、所以测量结果是一组范围值 | Furthermore, field measurements of detonation gases are subject to variability in all the factors mentioned before, and at best could provide a certain range of results |
| 每一次气体释放的量级取决于每一阶段的具体过程、但可能有大的变化 | The magnitude of each of these emissions is dependent on the specific process at each stage, with large variations possible |
| 气体原料 | gas feedstock |
| 气体喷泄 | gaseous venting |
| 气体在标准状态下所占的体积 | volume per gam-mol of ideal gas at 1mol 0°C and 760mm pressure |
| 气体引爆延时雷管 | gas-initiated delay detonator |
| 气体疏导在炮孔中气体的非控制的向自由面的溢出〈即穿过裂缝、间隙或弱岩石面〉，以在岩石足够的崩裂或位移之前降低爆炸的巨大作用力 | gas venting |
| 气体的形成在很大程度上取决于诸多因素、如现场实际爆轰条件、岩石类型、炮孔直径、有没有水以及炸药在炮孔中是否均匀等 | The gas composition is strongly dependent on many factors such as actual field detonation conditions, rock type,hole diameter,water presence,product homogeneity in the hole |
| 气体释放脉冲 | gas release pulse |
| 气体释放脉冲压气爆炸的过压，由炸药爆炸后产生的气体穿过岩石间隙所致 | GRP |
| 气体释放脉冲压气爆炸的过压，由炸药爆炸后产生的气体穿过岩石间隙所致 | gas release pulse |
| 气候变化带来的巨大威胁、现在已被主流科学广泛地认知、且日益得到全社会的认可 | The enormous threat posed by climate change is now widely recognized by mainstream science and is increasingly gaining public acceptance |
| 气候学家预测、包括冰层大规模融化在内的可怕后果、改变了区域性气候类型、正在引发更为强劲的热浪、旱涝、热带疾病的蔓延以及海平面的最终上升 | Climate scientists predict dire consequences including extensive melting of ice sheets, changed regional weather patterns causing more intense heat waves, droughts and floods, the spread of tropical diseases and eventual rises in sea level |
| 气动凿岩机以压缩空气为动力的凿岩机。用于露天矿剥离、台阶采矿、地下矿掘进、采矿和锚杆车钻凿浅孔和深孔，也可用于隧道、水工等工程中钻孔 | pneumatic rock drill |
| 气动凿岩机钻孔 | air motor drilling |
| 气动控制 | air-actuated control |
| 气动操纵 | pneumatic control |
| 气动装药系统 | pneumatic loading system |
| 气动铵油炸药装载机 | pneumatic ANFO loaders |
| 气吹装药 | blow charging |
| 气垫 | aircushion |
| 气垫作用机制认为在滑坡过程中，滑体与滑床面，即剪出口以下与地面间的空气来不及逸出，压缩空气承托滑体而形成以滑翔方式“飞行”的高速滑坡的假说 | aircushion mechanism |
| 气垫爆破一种控制爆破方法： 1. 炸药与炮泥之间留有一段空气间隔,或者炮孔钻凿得远远大于所装填的药卷的直径。 2. 在炮孔底部留有一段空隙，在其上部再装填炸药 | cushion shooting |
| 气垫爆破一种控制爆破方法： 1. 炸药与炮泥之间留有一段空气间隔,或者炮孔钻凿得远远大于所装填的药卷的直径。 2. 在炮孔底部留有一段空隙，在其上部再装填炸药 | cushioned shot firing |
| 气垫爆破一种控制爆破方法： 1. 炸药与炮泥之间留有一段空气间隔,或者炮孔钻凿得远远大于所装填的药卷的直径。 2. 在炮孔底部留有一段空隙，在其上部再装填炸药 | cushion blastings cushion shot |
| 气垫药卷在小直径钻孔的底部先于起爆药包装人的炸药药卷。气垫药卷的作用是减轻对雷管及其脚线的破坏。由于容易产生炮根，一般不推荐气垫药卷 | cushion stick |
| 气密型电气设备具有气密外壳的防爆电气设备 | hermetically sealed electrical apparatus |
| 气幕爆破技术 | air curtain blasting technique |
| 气氛 | air |
| 气泡或微球 | gaseous voids or microballoons |
| 气泡帷幕水下爆破时，可以采用缓冲材料，例如泡沫塑料、发泡混凝土等制成的防护屏障或在水中发射气泡的方法,来抑制或削弱冲击波的传播，后者称为气泡帷幕法 | air bubble curtain |
| 气泡帷幕保护 | bubble curtain protection |
| 气泡敏化后装有防爆剂的乳化炸药 | gassed doped emulsion explosive |
| 气泡敏化的 | gassed |
| 气泡敏化的乳化炸药 | gassed emulsion explosive |
| 气泡敏化的散装乳化炸药 | gassed bulk emulsion explosives |
| 气泡能爆生气体膨胀的能量，可由水中试验测得 | bubble energy |
| 气泡能值 | bubble energy value |
| 气泡脉动 | bubble pulse |
| 气泡脉动时间 | bubble period |
| 气流 | air drought |
| 气浪 | air-blow |
| 气浪 | wind blast |
| 气浪 | burst of air |
| 气浪 | air burst |
| 气爆系统由内装可爆炸气体的塑料管来引爆雷管 | gas detonation system |
| 气穴现象 | cavitation |
| 气胎碾用充气轮胎靠重力作用压实土和沙砾料的施工设备 | pneumatic drill pneumatic tired roller |
| 气腿由气缸支撑和推进凿岩机的装置 | airleg |
| 气腿式凿岩机气动单臂钻机一般用于小型巷道的掘进及开拓斜坡道钻孔，其最大钻孔直径可达 45 mm | jackleg |
| 气腿式凿岩机气动单臂钻机。一般用于小型巷道的掘进及开拓斜坡道钻孔,其最大钻孔直径可达 45mm,参见 air leg drill | jackleg |
| 气腿式凿岩机气动单臂钻机一般用于小型巷道的掘进及开拓斜坡道钻孔，其最大钻孔直径可达 45 mm | air leg drill |
| 气袋一种尼龙袋的商标名称。此种袋子内部有一个外表面是由溶胶涂层覆盖的里袋，即丙烷或丁烷袋子内袋，用于补充炸药柱中的空气间隙。如用于压气爆破。一旦袋子膨胀可承受 l0MPa 的压力 | gasbag |
| 气象影响 | meteorological effects |
| 气镐无转钎机构的手持式气动冲击破岩机具。气镐主要由启动和冲击机构组成。它有板阀和筒阀两种，参见 air pick | pneumatic pick |
| 气隙感度 | gap sensitiveness |
| 气隙感度 | air gap sensitiveness |
| 气隙比 | airborne-void ratio |
| 氨气 | ammonia |
| 污浊空气受到井下浮尘、有害气体污染的空气 | foul air |
| 污浊空气受到井下浮尘、有害气体污染的空气 | contaminated air |
| 汽车造成了大气污染 | Automobiles contribute to air pollution |
| 没有氧气、容器里的物质不能充分燃烧 | In the absence of oxygen, the substance in the container cannot bum well |
| 油、气井燃烧爆破器材分类油、气井燃烧器材种类繁多,目前国内使用的油、气井燃烧爆破器材，按使用性能和应用品种可分为三大类: 1. 油、气井用爆破器材, 2. 油、气井用燃烧器材, 3. 起爆、传爆器材 | classification of combustion and blasting equipment in oil gas wells |
| 油、气井燃烧爆破技术的特点其特点包括: 1. 要求爆破器材设计制造得非常精细，结构严密,施工技术要求十分严格。 2. 油、气井燃烧爆破在复杂的外界环境中进行，施工要求更加严格。 3. 油、气井燃烧爆破器材要有良好的耐温、耐压性能。 4. 油、气井燃烧爆破器材应具有良好的密封、绝缘性能。 5. 起爆技术、传爆技术要求特殊 | characteristics of combustion and blasting technology in oil-gas wells |
| 油气井用导爆索以耐热炸药为药芯、以耐温材料作包覆外壳的耐温、耐压高能导爆索。即用于油气井开采作业的工业导爆索 | oil well detonating cord |
| 油气井用导爆索以耐热炸药为药芯、以耐温材料作包覆外壳的耐温、耐压高能导爆索。即用于油气井开采作业的工业导爆索 | detonating cord used in oil and gas wells |
| 沼气植物在炭化过程中产生的气体。主要残留在煤的夹层中，煤层内也常出现。沼气是无色、无臭、无味的可燃性气体,密度为 0.558 | methane gas |
| 沼气的爆燃范围 | explosive range of methane |
| 活性气泡 | active bubble |
| 活性气雾 | active fog |
| 浇封型电气设备将电气设备或其部件浇封在浇封剂中,使它在正常运行和认可的过载或认可的故障下不能点燃周围的爆炸性混合物的防爆电气设备 | encapsulated electrical apparatus |
| 消除有害气体 | abatement of noxious gases |
| 深孔空气间隔装药 | long-hole air space loading |
| 温室气体排放强度 | greenhouse gas emissions intensity |
| 湿气。―vt <-> 弄湿 | wet |
| 漏气在底部拉了槽的煤层中和采掘面上进行扩槽爆破时,由于炮孔底部的岩石在前一段爆破的作用下已局部龟裂，造成爆破气体有可能从龟裂的岩缝中喷射泄漏，称为漏气。在这种情况下，爆破时容易产生飞石。在煤矿，爆炸泄漏的高温高速气体有可能诱爆瓦斯和煤尘 | blown-through |
| 火爆脾气 | an explosive temper |
| 灾后气体 | afterdamp |
| 炮泥不足时会出现螺纹线。由于空气冲击波、螺纹线是由炮泥释放脉冲形成的 | R-occurs when stemming material is inefficient or insufficient. Rifling is driven by the stemming release pulse SRP for airblast |
| 炸药气体逃逸 | escape of explosives gas |
| 炸药及爆炸所产生的温室气体 | greenhouse gas implications of explosives and blasting |
| 炸药爆炸时的气体排放、与采矿和矿物利用导致的下游气体排放相比要少些 | The emissions from explosives are small in comparison to the downstream emissions associated with mining and mineral utilization |
| 炸药长期遇水或潮气 | explosive s' prolonged exposure to water or moisture |
| 热气流 | hot blast |
| 然而、制造炸药使用生物燃料代替化石燃料的结果、会使二氧化碳的整体排量降低、因为生物燃料在生长期从大气中消除同样当量的二氧化碳 | However, the use of biofuels instead of fossil fuels in explosives would result in lower overall CO₂ emissions, as the biofuel growth phase removes an equivalent amount of CO₂ from the atmosphere |
| 然而、在实际爆轰条件下、热甲烷只要高于较低的可燃界限、一旦与大气的氧接触就会燃烧 | However, under actual detonation conditions the hot CH₄ is likely to combust on contact with atmospheric oxygen provided it is above the lower flammability limit |
| 煤层气赋存于煤层及其围岩中的煤成气 | coal seam gas |
| 煤层气赋存于煤层及其围岩中的煤成气 | coal bed gas |
| 煤炭采收改进技术相应地降低矿山温室气体排放强度 | The improved coal recovery translates to a corresponding decrease in mine GHG emissions intensity |
| 燃料空气炸药 | fuel-air explosive |
| 爆后有毒气体生成量分类 | fume class of explosive |
| 爆后的毒气 | afterdamp |
| 爆后窒息性气体 | afterdamp |
| 爆炸气参见 explosive gas | grison |
| 爆炸性气体 | detonating gas |
| 爆炸排气系统 | explosion venting |
| 爆炸生成气体膨胀作用理论该理论认为炸药爆炸引起岩石破坏主要是由高温高压气体产物对岩体膨胀做功的结果，因此破坏的发展方向是由装药引向自由面。当爆生气体的膨胀压力足够大时，会引起自由面附近岩石隆起、膨胀裂开并沿径向推出。这种理论又称为准静力作用理论。参见 gas-expanding failure theory | quasi static failure theory |
| 爆炸生成气体膨胀作用理论该理论认为炸药爆炸引起岩石破坏主要是由高温高压气体产物对岩体膨胀做功的结果，因此破坏的发展方向是由装药引向自由面。当爆生气体的膨胀压力足够大时，会引起自由面附近岩石隆起、膨胀裂开并沿径向推出。这种理论又称为准静力作用理论，参见 quasi static failure theory | gas-expanding failure theory |
| 爆炸空气波参见airblast"爆风” | air blow |
| 爆生气体炸药爆炸时产生的气体,以水蒸气、二氧化碳、'氮等气体为主,以及少量的氢、一氧化碳、氧化氮等气体。一些特殊炸药的爆生气体还含有硫化氢、二氧化硫、氯化氢。1kg 工业炸药的气体生成总量为 600 explosion 800L,其中二氧化碳50explosion250L,水蒸气200explosion500L,氮气50 explosion 250L | explosion gas |
| 爆生气体 | detonation gas |
| 爆生气体 | aftergas |
| 爆生气体可经过裂缝传播到水平自由面、并产生漏斗效应及随之而来的飞石。飞石表现的这种机理与冲击波的气体释放脉冲密切有关 | blast gases can propagate through cracks to the horizontal free surface and cause cratering and associated flyrock. This mechanism of flyrock manifestation is closely related to the gas release pulse GRP for airblast |
| 爆生气体和应力波综合作用理论该理论认为岩石的破坏是由于爆生气体膨胀和爆炸应力波共同作用的结果。由应力波引起的反射拉伸波加强了径向裂隙的扩展，爆生气体的膨胀,促进了裂隙的发展 | expansion and shock wave coexisting failure theory |
| 爆生气体测定对炸药爆炸生成气体的含量和成分的测量。随现场使用条件而变化。实验室测定爆生气体的方法有:气体分析法、五氧化碘分析法和气体色谱法。前两种方法主要测定碳的氧化物，后者测定氮化物。适合现场使用的最简单的测试方法，是检测管比色法〈colorimetric detector〉 | measurement of fume |
| 爆破气体 | blasting gases |
| 爆破气体释放 | detonation emission |
| 爆破气体释放标准 | blast emission criteria |
| 爆破产生的气体会沿着炮孔将孔口周边的堵塞物和/或碎块抛出 | Blast gases can vent up along the blasthole to launch stemming material and/ or fragments from the collar region |
| 爆破后生成的气体 | blast gas |
| 爆破喷泄的气体渗人与炮孔轴线垂直的裂缝面、将岩石破碎后抛向空中 | G-venting from the blast penetrates the fracture planes perpendicular to the hole axis and breaks the rocks up and propels them up to the air |
| 爆破噪声与大气条件的关系大气条件对在一定距离内爆破产生的噪声强度有重大影响。大气条件还决定了在不同高度和方向上空气中的声速,而声速本身又主要取决于温度和风速，因此，从大气中风速和温度的变化也能了解大气条件对爆破噪声的影响 | relationship between blasting noise and weather |
| 爆破现场的气体和烟尘 | gases and fume generation at the blast site |
| 爆轰气体 | detonation gases |
| 爆轰气体状态方程反应产物状态方程是一个关于压力、密度和温度的复合函数。在低密度情况下，理想的气体方程为一个适用的近似公式。在高密度的情况下，当分子体积，即质量体积 a 为总体积V的重要部分时，压力几乎与自由体积〈V 和 a 的乘积〉成反比地增加 | equation of the state of detonation gases |
| 特殊型电气设备异于现有防爆型式,由主管部门制订暂行规定，经国家认可的检验机构检验证明，具有防爆性能的电气设备 | special type electrical apparatus |
| 现在、有些大城市的供暖系统是天然气烧的 | At present, natural gas has fird the heating system in some big cities |
| 标准状态下理想气体容积 | volume of perfect gas |
| 生气的 | cross |
| 生物质气化或裂解 | gasification or pyrolysis of biomass |
| 用空气超压衰退评估振幅 | amplitude estimates using air overpressure regression |
| 由于对高压气体的过早喷泄进行控制所起的限制作用、飞石飞行距离随炮泥长度的增加而递减的这种趋势是显而易见的 | The decreasing trend of flyrock distance with increasing stemming length is obvious from the role of confinement in controlling premature venting of high pressure gases |
| 由于膨胀气体挤压这种物质、致使能量损失速度快、爆后产物的压力和温度迅速下降。这些损失作为膨胀波传到反应区之内、因而降低了压力和反应速率、且最终消除了对爆震波面传播的能量支持 | As the expanding gases compress such material, energy is lost rapidly and pressure and temperature drop sharply in the reaction products. These losses are communicated to the interior of the reaction zone as a rarefaction wave, lowering the pressure and reaction rate, and ultimately removing support far the propagation of the detonation front |
| 由圈闭空气或由化学充气产生的气泡受到水压头的挤压、而且或受到装进炮孔中的液态炸药的挤压 | Gas bubbles generated by entrapment of air or by chemical gassing are compressed by the head of water and /or fluid product loaded in the borehole |
| 电气爆破回路简称电爆网路。给成组的电雷管输送起爆电能的网路。通常由起爆电源、爆破母线、连接线和电雷管脚线连接组成 | electric firing circuit |
| 电气爆破回路简称电爆网路。给成组的电雷管输送起爆电能的网路。通常由起爆电源、爆破母线、连接线和电雷管脚线连接组成 | electric priming circuit |
| 电气爆破回路简称电爆网路。给成组的电雷管输送起爆电能的网路。通常由起爆电源、爆破母线、连接线和电雷管脚线连接组成 | electric blasting circuit |
| 电气爆破网路 | electric priming circuit |
| 电气爆破网路 | electric firing circuit |
| 电气爆破网路 | electric blasting circuit |
| 电气石 | xeuxite |
| 电气车辆 | electric |
| 疝气 | rupture |
| 直到今天、炸药和爆破温室气体问题尚未在文献中予以充分考虑、而且尚未成为爆破破岩程序的主题 | To date, the issue of GHGs from explosives and blasting has not been given wide consideration in the literature and has not been a subject of the fragblast proceedings |
| 矿井气候条件矿井空气温度、湿度、大气压力和风速等参数反映的综合状态 | climatic condition in a mine |
| 矿井有毒气体矿井空气中对人体能造成中毒性伤害的气体成分。金属矿山的有毒气体常有一氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫和硫化氢等 | mine toxic gas |
| 矿井爆炸性气体开采煤矿和含碳质页岩的非煤矿床时,从煤层和岩层中涌岀的爆炸性气体。其主要成分是甲烷,即沼气，以及少量的氢气、一氧化碳、硫化氢、二氧化硫和碳氢化合物 | mine explosive gas |
| 矿山空气调节控制矿井空气的温度、湿度和风速,使其符合劳动安全和卫生要求的技术 | air conditioning in mine |
| 空气冲击 | air burst |
| 空气冲击波由震源经空气传播到检波器的 P 波, 由炸药爆轰引起的空气中的冲击波,它可由岩石运动或爆生气体在空气中释放而产生 | air overpressure |
| 空气冲击波 | airblast wave |
| 空气冲击波由震源经空气传播到检波器的 P 波, 由炸药爆轰引起的空气中的冲击波,它可由岩石运动或爆生气体在空气中释放而产生 | air concussion |
| 空气冲击波由震源经空气传播到检波器的 P 波, 由炸药爆轰引起的空气中的冲击波,它可由岩石运动或爆生气体在空气中释放而产生 | air blast |
| 空气冲击波的潜在破坏 | damage potential-air vibrations |
| 空气冲击波超压等级 | airblast level |
| 空气冲击波集中由于声波从空气返回到地面的折射作用,而在地表小范围内形成的声能量的集中。这常常发生在特定的气象条件下，如逆温现象 | air blast focusing |
| 空气冲击波预测模型 | airblast prediction model |
| 空气压力冲击直接由岩石表面位移或爆破抛出产生的空气冲击压力，单位为 Pa | air pressure pulse |
| 空气压力强度 | intensity of air pressures |
| 空气压力脉冲 | Air pressure pulse |
| 空气压缩机简称"空压机" | air compressor |
| 空气发泡剂 | agent air entraining agent |
| 空气回流 | backflow of air |
| 空气夹层结构 | air sandwich structure |
| 空气振动特性 | air vibration characteristics |
| 空气振动能级 | air vibration level |
| 空气振动限度额 | air vibration limits |
| 空气污染物 | airborne contaminant |
| 空气波爆 | air wave |
| 空气波的巨大冲力 | the immense issue of air waves |
| 空气爆破筒 | air breaker shell |
| 空气爆破筒 | air breaker |
| 空气膜片泵 | air diaphragm pump |
| 空气超压 | air overpressure |
| 空气超压控制步骤 | air control procedures |
| 空气超压数 | air data |
| 空气超压测试 | air test |
| 空气超压特性 | air characteristics |
| 空气超压监测 | air monitoring |
| 空气超压衰减 | attenuation of air overpressures |
| 空气间隔爆破 | air deck blasting |
| 空气间隔爆破 | blasting with air interval |
| 空气间隔爆破 | blast with air interval |
| 空气间隔爆破为了控制周边轮廓，利用空气间隔代替柱状药包的一种爆破方法 | air deck blasting |
| 空气间隙 | air spacing |
| 空气阻力对碎片抛射轨迹的影响 | influence of air drag on fragment trajectories |
| 空气阻力系数 | air drag coefficient |
| 空气隔膜泵 | air diaphragm pump |
| 窒息性气体虽然不至于使人体中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息的气体,如二氧化碳、氮气等。爆炸后的炮烟含有大量的窒息性气体 | choke damp |
| 窒息性气体爆破后形成的炮烟含有大量窒息性气体，如二氧化碳、氮气等,虽然不至于使人中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息 | black damp |
| 窒息性气体爆破后形成的炮烟含有大量窒息性气体，如二氧化碳、氮气等,虽然不至于使人中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息 | asphyxiating gas |
| 窒息性气体虽然不至于使人体中毒，但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息的气体。如二氧化碳、氮气等，爆炸后的炮烟含有大量的窒息性气体，所以要特别注意 | choke damp |
| 窒息性气体爆破后形成的炮烟含有大量窒息性气体，如二氧化碳、氮气等,虽然不至于使人中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息 | choke damp |
| 窒息性气体虽然不至于使人体中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息的气体,如二氧化碳、氮气等。爆炸后的炮烟含有大量的窒息性气体 | black damp |
| 窒息性气体虽然不至于使人体中毒,但如果吸人过量后会使人窒息的气体,如二氧化碳、氮气等。爆炸后的炮烟含有大量的窒息性气体 | asphyxiating gas |
| 结合将爆破规程中列出的效果进行量化的输人数据、就能评估基本的爆破释放物和天气影响的共同作用 | When combined with inputs that quantify the effects of blasting specifications,the combined effect of basic blast emission and meteorological effects can be evaluated |
| 给湿孔装药时,用以控制炸药密度和感度的化学气泡法是爆破作业一种常见的方法 | chemical gassing to control product density and sensitivity when loading wet holes is now common in the industry |
| 给轮胎打气 | blow air into a tyre |
| 绝对大气压 | atmospheric absolute |
| 老年人爬到山顶后、十之八九气喘吁吁 | In nine out of ten cases, old people puff and blow after a mountain climb |
| 细菌等能在无空气或无氧情况下生活或成长的 | anaerobic |
| 脾气暴躁的人 | an explosive person |
| 自由界面自然排气爆炸胀形这种胀形的特点是,水介质的界面与毛料端面平齐，毛料的端面是一个自由面。自由界面附近的冲击波受到很大削弱，由于气团离水面很近，很快就冲出水面。零件成型后的上部端口极易形成收口状，即使增大药量这种现象也是不可避免的。这种方法在实际中应用较少 | free air-out explosive expanding |
| 艾欠道克斯压气爆破筒 | air blaster |
| 药包埋深不仅是决定空气压力强度的主要因素、而且对脉冲频率及持续时间也有影响 | The depth of burial of the charges is not only a primary factor in determining the intensity of the air pressures, but it also has an effect on the frequency and duration of the pulses |
| 菠萝有其特有的形状、蒜有其特有的气味 | A pine apple has its characteristic shape, garlic its characteristic smell |
| 虽说采矿现场爆炸的实际气体释放量要小一些、但由于气体释放量随着爆炸条件的变化而变化、所以依然是个问题、而且难以准确予以量化 | Though of a lesser magnitude, the actual mine site emissions from detonation may be problematic as they could vary according to detonation conditions and are difficult to quantify precisely |
| 要想评价气象影响、务必要知道地面上空并且最好在900 米以上的大气温度和风速 | Evaluations of meteorological effects require that the air temperature and wind velocity be known at levels above the ground,preferably up to 900 metres |
| 评估是否准确、取决于气象资料和所用的评价模型是否精确 | The accuracy of the assessment depends on both the accuracy of the meteorological data, and the accuracy of the assessment model used |
| 评估空气振动能级受气象效应影响的程度、需要测量或评定地面的以及地面上空的温度、风速和风向 | An of the degree to which air vibration levels will be affected by the effects of meteorology requires that temperature, wind speed and wind direction be measured or evaluated both at the surface and at levels above the ground |
| 近来的研究提供了更为准确的气象数据、可以用来预测和评价诸如噪声、飞尘抑制、气体排放以及冲击波超压等对环境的影响 | Recent research has provided more accurate meteorological data that may be used for the prediction and assessment of environmental effects such as noise, dust control, and gaseous emission as well as airblast overpressure |
| 这些技术在世界几个地方正在现场改进、并将大大降低炸药厂温室气体排放的总量 | R-of these technologies are underway at several sites around the world and will achieve massive reductions in overall GHG emissions of explosive manufacturers |
| 这些考虑的事项也突出表明、爆破界通过改进爆破结果来降低温室气体排放量是其主要目标 | Such consideration also highlights the major targets for the blasting community to reduce GHG emissions through improved blast outcomes |
| 这些颗粒溶解后、多孔颗粒中封闭的空气得以释放、且不再有使炸药敏化的效力。此外、溶解后的硝铵与水一起处于液态、在爆轰时不再具有起反应的效力 | When the prills dissolve, the air entrapped inside the porous prills is released and is no longer available to sensitize the composition. Also, the dissolved ammonium nitrate stays in solution with water and is no longer available to react in the detonation |
| 逃逸气体 | escape-ing gas |
| 通气带也称饱气带。岩石中的孔隙或裂隙等空间未被液态地下水饱和的地带，这里的孔隙中一部分充气，一部分是水 | zone of aeration |
| 通过测量得知、由于温室气体的排放、大气二氧化碳浓度正在不容置疑地逐年加速增加 | The measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide show an inexorable and accelerating year-on-year increase arising from greenhouse gases emissions |
| 那天院子里似乎充满着悲哀的气氛 | The courtyard seemed to be charged with sadness that day |
| 采矿时喷发的爆炸气体实际成分没法准确定论、这就是说、像甲烷这种有严重潜在危害的温室气体没法准确量化 | The actual make-up of detonation gases emitted on mines cannot be accurately determined and this means that potentially powerful GHGs like CH₄ cannot be quantified with any certainty |
| 针孔喷气因过多的爆破能量输给引火头而使雷管破裂的现象。这种现象可能干扰缓燃剂的燃烧速度，或者在极端情况下会导致瞎炮，参见 gas venting | pin holding |
| 针孔喷气因过多的爆破能量输给引火头而使雷管破裂的现象。这种现象可能干扰缓燃剂的燃烧速度,或者在极端情况下会导致瞎炮，参见 pin holing | gas venting |
| 针对不同催化剂系统的减量新技术已经开发出来,以大规模减少炸药厂家温室气体的总体排放 | New abatement technologies based on various catalyst systems have been developed to drastically reduce overall GHG emissions of explosive manufacturers |
| 防止爆破毒气的安全距离井下爆破或露天爆破都将产生大量有毒气体，它不仅污染环境，严重危害采矿工人的人身安全，而且对井下瓦斯、煤尘爆炸反应起催化作用。故应确定有毒气体的影响距离，即防止爆破毒气的安全距离 | safety distance for blasting fume |
| 防爆电气设备又称“爆炸性环境用电气设备”。按规定标准设计制造不会引起周围爆炸性混合物爆炸的电气设备 | electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres |
| 隔爆型电气设备具有隔爆外壳的防爆电气设备 | flameproof electrical apparatus |
| 需要考量的是爆破可能产生的温室气体、包括二氧化碳、甲烷、可能还有一氧化二氮 | The likely GHGs from detonation that require consideration are CO₂, CH₄ and possibly N₂O |
| 非气泡敏化的浆状炸药 | non-gassed slurry |
| 非可燃气体 | non-inflammable gas |
| 非均匀爆炸气流 | non-uniform flow of exploding gas |
| 非排气孔雷管可以容纳由燃烧雷管中延时物质所产生的气体的雷管,避免该气体提前引发炸药包爆炸 | non-venting caps |
| 预测和评价气象对暴风能级影响的实时系统 | realtime system for the prediction and evaluation of the effect of meteorology on airblast levels |
| 颐指气使 | be blown with pride |
| 飞石是由过多的气体能产生的 | Flyrock is produced by excess gas energy |
| 高压气柜储存压力约为表压0.5兆帕〈5.大气压〉的气体的气柜 | high-pressure gas holder |
| 高压爆炸气体在岩体中传播 | high pressure explosion gas propagation through the rock mass |
| 高能气体压裂弹利用火药燃烧产生的高温、高压气体对目的层进行脉冲压裂的装置 | high energy gas fracturing charge |
| 高能气体压裂弹利用火药燃烧产生的高温、高压气体对目的层进行脉冲压裂的装置 | high-energy fracture charge |
