| Chinese | English |
| 人为造成的气候变化 | man-made climate change Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate (人为造成的气候变化可能应归于温室效应和其他人类活动。荒漠化和森林砍伐所带来的土地的反照率的变化影响了太阳能在地球表面吸收。从发电厂释放的硫所产生的人造气溶胶可以减轻云层。由氟氯化碳引起的大气中的臭氧层变化可能影响气候。) |
| 全球气候报告 | world climate report |
| 全球气候框架公约 | Framework Convention on Global Climate |
| 全球气候研究计划 | world climate research program |
| 全球气候联盟 | Global Climate Coalition |
| 全球气候计划 | world climate program |
| 古气候学 | palaeoclimatology The study of paleoclimates throughout geologic time, and of the causes of their variations, on either a local or a worldwide basis. It involves the interpretation of glacial deposits, fossils and sedimentologic and other types of data (地质气候的研究，根据一个地方或全世界的数据，研究在整个地质时期它们变异的起因。它对冰河形成、化石和其它类型的问题给出解释。) |
| 美国国家气候数据中心 | National Climate Data Center |
| 地中海气候 | Mediterranean climate A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate (一种气候特点,夏季炎热干燥、冬季多雨,基本上,这是相反的季风气候。也称为季风气候。) |
| 大西洋气候变化 | Atlantic climate change |
| 大陆型气候 | continental climate A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent (以炎热的夏季、寒冷的冬季、较少的降雨的气候特征，是大陆内部的典型气候。) |
| 山地气候 | mountain climate Very generally, the climate of relatively high elevations; mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction; aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun; thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. Also known as highland climate (通常指相对高海拔的气候；山地气候由其特征而区别于周围的低地，并且此差异共同的基础是山地的大气稀薄；除此之外，山地由于纬度、海拔和阳光照射程度的不同产生了巨大的变化；因此，不存在清晰定义的山地气候。亦称高地气候。) |
| 微气候 | microclimate The local, rather uniform climate of a specific place or habitat, compared with the climate of the entire area of which it is a part (与整个地区的气候相比较，是一个具体的地方或者栖息地的部分气候。) |
| 微气候学 | microclimatology The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings (微气候的研究，包括温度档案、空气最低层里的水分和风、植物和防护林带的影响以及城镇和建筑变化效应的研究。) |
| 微气候效应 | microclimate effect |
| 政府间气候变化专家小组 | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| 气候 | climatic |
| 气候 | climate The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend (世界上的一个地区的平均天气情况。地球地理的很多方面都影响了气候。赤道的，或者低纬度的崎岖要逼极地地区热，由于太阳光到达地球表面的光线的角度。赤道地区和极地地区的温度的差异影响了全球气流循环。冷空气在极地地区下降，沿着地球表面向赤道流动。冷空气推动在较低的地方的密度较低的暖空气，将轻的空气向上推向两极，在那里冷却下沉。) |
| 气候保护 | climate protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation (采取的预防行动、程序或设备，为了防止或减少污染对自然天气条件或形式的危害，包括盛行的气温、大气成分和降雨量。) |
| 气候变化 | climatic alteration The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term (某个地区在一段时间内的气候特征的缓慢变化。从长期来看，这可能是由地质记录表示；从中期来看，它可能由地貌变化表示；从短期来看，它可能由植物的变化来表示。) |
| 气候变化对策计划 | Climate Change Action Plan |
| 气候和全球变化 | climate and global change |
| 气候和全球变化计划 | climate and global change program |
| 气候因子 | climatic factor Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. (决定某一地区的气候的物理条件，例如纬度、海拔、洋流等。) |
| 气候学 | climatology That branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere together with its statistical variations in both space and time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of many years (气象学的分支，关注的是大气的平均物理状态与其在空间和时间上的统计变化，以反映许多年内的天气行为。) |
| 世界气象组织气候学委员会 | Commission for Climatology |
| 气候带 | climatic zone A belt of the earth's surface within which the climate is generally homogeneous in some respect; an elemental region of a simple climatic classification (在地球表面的一个带状区域内气候在某些方面具有相同特征；一个简单的气候分类的基本区域。) |
| 气候干旱 | climatological drought |
| 气候影响 | climatic effect Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes (气候对人类的需要和活动有中心影响，例如农业、居住、人类健康、水资源和能源的使用。气候对蔬菜和土壤类型的影响那么强烈以至于最早的气候分类模式常常更多地基于这些因素而不是气象变量。虽然可以使用科技来减轻不利的气候条件的影响，但是背离正常的气候控制，引起现代工业化社会的问题和以前一样严重。气象学的目标是，提供一个对地球气候的可理解的描述，理解它在基本物理原理方面的特征，开发能够预测那些自然和人类所引起的未来变化的地球气候模型。) |
| 气候改变 | climatic change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system (温度、降雨量、风以及地球气候的所有其他方面的长期波动。外部过程，如太阳辐照度的差异，地球轨道参数(离心率、运动和倾斜)、岩石圈运动、火山活动的不同，都是导致气候差异的因素。气候系统的内部差异如温室气体的变化，可能引起充分的巨大和变化的波动，通过与气候系统相互关联的部分的过程反馈，来解释观测的气候变化。) |
| 气候的实验 | climatic experiment Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases (使用对基本的气候变化和差异性的物理过程的建模，来估计未来的气候条件所做的实验。对不确定的未来人为的影响也需要进行评估，例如日益增加的大气二氧化碳的和其他温室气体。) |
| 气候类型 | climate type Weather conditions typical of areas roughly corresponding to lines of latitude (大致相对应的纬度上的地区的典型天气。) |
| 气候系统模拟项目 | Climate System Modeling Project |
| 气候胁迫 | climatic stress |
| 气候资料中心 | Climate Data Center |
| 气候资源 | climate resource No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 沙漠型气候 | desert climate A climate type which is characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life; that is, a climate of extreme aridity (一种气候类型，其特征为缺少能够支持大量植物生命的水分；也就是说，一种极端干燥的气候。) |
| 海洋性气候 | oceanic climate A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate (主要受海洋影响的地区气候，即气候特点是海洋性，与之正相反的是大陆性气候。) |
| 温带气候 | temperate climate The climate of the middle latitudes; the climate between the extremes of tropical climate and polar climate (中纬度地区的气候;热带气候和极地气候之间的气候。) |
| 热带气候 | tropical climate A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year (赤道和热带地区的一种典型气候，也就是说，至少在一年的部分时间里，会持续高温和大量降水。) |
| 生物气候学 | bioclimatology The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora (有关动物和植物的气候的研究。) |
| 界面层气候 | boundary layer climate |
| 赤道气候 | equatorial climate Climate characterized by constant temperatures, abundant rainfall and a very short dry season (是具有温度恒定，雨量充足，旱季短暂特点的气候。) |
