| Chinese | English |
| 大气放射 | atmospheric emission Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source (从一个或者一类污染源中释放到大气中的悬浮的污染物——固体微粒，液态气溶胶等——或者有毒气体。) |
| 天然放射性 | natural radioactivity Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. (辐射主要归因于铀，其少量出现在一些岩石、土壤，建筑材料等里面。) |
| 强放射性废物 | high level waste |
| 放射 | irradiation To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles (用光、或其他电磁射线、或粒子束进行处理。) |
| 放射与污染控制 | radiation and contamination control |
| 放射性 | radioactivity The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation (产生于自然分解的原子核，伴随着带电粒子和/或伽马射线的释放而产生的能量衰减。) |
| 放射性元素 | radioelement An element that is naturally radioactive (具有天然放射性元素的物质。) |
| 放射性去污 | radioactive decontamination The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical (去除附着在表面并可能在工作区扩散的放射性污染，也包括人员的去污。去污方法有机械方法和化学方法两种。) |
| 放射性发射 | radioactive emission The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements (向环境中释放放射性物质，这些物质来源于核设备和矿产，以及对放射性物质的净化和浓缩操作。) |
| 放射性安全保健数据 | radioactive health data |
| 放射性尘降物 | radioactive fallout The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion (降落到地上或水井中的物质，可以由核爆发所引起，但一般超出了地表或地下的核爆发范围。) |
| 放射性废弃物 | radioactive dumping Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements (由不稳定的原子核衰变导致的微粒或电磁辐射放射产生的废弃物。) |
| 放射性废料 | radioactive waste Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry (任何超过一般程度放射线的废料，包括核能源工业的有毒副产品。) |
| 放射性废料管理 | radioactive waste management The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical (对包含放射性核且不能用、重用和回收的物质的生产、处理、存放和运输过程的管理。) |
| 放射性废物最后处理 | terminal disposal of radwaste |
| 放射性指示剂 | radioactive tracer A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached (一种放射性同位素，当把它注入到生物或物理系统时，能被辐射检测设备追踪，并能检测到它的分布情况或位置。) |
| 放射性指示剂技术 | radioactive tracer technique |
| 放射性核 | radionuclide A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity (有放射性的核物质。) |
| 放射性污染 | radioactive contamination Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material (由放射性物质引起的对物品、生物体或场所的污染。) |
| 放射性污染物 | radioactive pollutant A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container (物质的原子核自然分解并以粒子或微波的形式释放射线。这种污染多发生在核武器爆炸或核能工厂、收容所或运输容器的事故中。) |
| 放射性物质 | radioactive substance Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned (包含一到多种放射性核素的物质。这种放射性核素的活性和浓度是辐射保护时要注意的。) |
| 放射性物质滴落 | trickle of radioactive material |
| 放射显迹物 | radioactive tracer |
| 核子放射性试验 | "Nuclear" test |
| 水放射性记录监测器 | water monitor |
| 电离放射线 | ionising radiation Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material (能够使原子充分通电并移除其电子的射线。在这种状态下原子的活性增强，因此电离射线可以增强化学反应性，通过这种方式可以产生生物效应，包括诱导DNA改变。X射线和伽玛射线是仅有的对生物材料造成电离的电磁波。) |
| 高放射性废物 | high-level radioactive waste |
