friction force between shell and mold(Studies of initial sticking, based upon analysis of the friction force between the shell and the mold, indicate that a large friction force results in a shell rupture near the meniscus, and the ruptured shell sticks to the mold. 以铸坯壳和结晶器之间摩擦力分析为基础所做的初始粘结研究表明：摩擦力过大导致金属弯月面附近的坯壳破裂，破裂的坯壳会粘结到结晶器上。)
