develop(During the 1970s and early 1980s a number of processes for production of strip, sheet and pipe using liquid metal atomization and spray forming with substrate were developed. 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代初，开发了许多利用金属液雾化和使用基底成形器喷射成形生产带钢、薄板和钢管的方法。)
breaking-down(The most general use of hot rolling is for "breaking-down" large ingots; cold rolling is used to make smooth and accurate thin sheets of metal. 热轧的最大用途是对大钢锭进行开坯，而冷轧则用于生产表面光滑、尺寸精确的金属薄板。)
roughing mill(The rolled ingot, now in the form of a long thick bar, is reheated and further reduced in a roughing mill and then in a finishing mill. 轧制过的钢锭现在变成一根又长又粗的钢棒，将其再次加热后依次送人粗轧机和精轧机进行轧制。)
starter powder(The use of a low-viscosity starter powder helps to reduce cracking by establishing a stable flux film in the mold/strand gap. 使用低黏度开浇用保护渣有助于通过在结晶器/铸坯之间的间隙中形成稳定的保护渣膜来减少裂纹的发生。)
starter flux(The improved performance was attributed to the formation of a stable film during the first infiltration of the starter flux into the mold/ strand gap. 这一性能的改进归因于开浇用保护渣刚流人到结晶器/铸坯之间的间隙时即形成了稳定的(保护渣)膜。)
