| Chinese | English |
| 伽马射线环境成像频谱仪 | gamma ray environmental mapping spectrometer |
| 伽马辐射 | gamma radiation Radiation of gamma rays (伽玛射线辐射。) |
| 低辐射胁迫 | low radiation stress |
| 冠层反射能力指树冠 | canopy reflectance |
| 化学辐射尘 | chemical fallout The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions (工业排放造成的大气中积累的化学物质的积淀。) |
| 反射 | reflection The return of waves or particles from surfaces on which they are incident (把波或微粒子返回给产生它们的表面。) |
| 反射测定法 | reflectometry The study of the reflectance of light or other radiant energy (对光的反射或其它辐射能量反射的研究。) |
| 喷射状 | spurting Supplying water or pesticides to crops with a spray (用喷雾的方式向农作物提供水或者杀虫剂) |
| 噪声照射 | noise immission Immission in the environment of acoustic vibrations that negatively affect human beings, animals, plants or other objects (声音震动排入环境，对人类、动物、植物或其他物体造成负面影响。) |
| 美国国家辐射防护与测量委员会 | National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement |
| 声发射 | sound emission Diffusion into the environment of a sound emitted from a given source (从指定环境发出的声音:扩散到的另外的环境。) |
| 大气放射 | atmospheric emission Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source (从一个或者一类污染源中释放到大气中的悬浮的污染物——固体微粒，液态气溶胶等——或者有毒气体。) |
| 大气辐射测量 | atmospheric radiation measurement |
| 天然放射性 | natural radioactivity Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. (辐射主要归因于铀，其少量出现在一些岩石、土壤，建筑材料等里面。) |
| 太阳辐射 | solar radiation The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun (电磁辐射和太阳发射的粒子。) |
| 宇宙辐射 | cosmic radiation Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth (来自外太空而具有非常高能量的、由原子核-特别是质子所组成的辐射。有些宇宙辐射具有极高的能量，可以穿透地球超过一英里深。) |
| 对流层发射物光谱仪 | tropospheric emission spectrometer |
| 射击场，靶场 | shooting range Area designed for target shooting (为射击而设计的场所) |
| 射流技术 | fluidics A control technology that employs fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sensing, control, information, processing, and actuation functions without the use of moving mechanical parts (控制技术，使用流体动力学现象来实现传感，控制，信息，处理和驱动功能，而不需要使用移动机械部分。) |
| γ射线辐射 | gamma radiation |
| X射线 | X ray A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10 angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom (一种可穿透的电磁辐射，通常由电子加速到很高的速度并突然与一个固体产生碰撞而产生，或通过原子数大于10的原子内壳层跃迁而产生，其波长范围从大约10(-5)埃到10^3埃，经研究平均波长为1埃。) |
| 强放射性废物 | high level waste |
| 当地发射污染物 | local emitters |
| 放射 | irradiation To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles (用光、或其他电磁射线、或粒子束进行处理。) |
| 放射与污染控制 | radiation and contamination control |
| 放射性 | radioactivity The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation (产生于自然分解的原子核，伴随着带电粒子和/或伽马射线的释放而产生的能量衰减。) |
| 放射性元素 | radioelement An element that is naturally radioactive (具有天然放射性元素的物质。) |
| 放射性去污 | radioactive decontamination The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical (去除附着在表面并可能在工作区扩散的放射性污染，也包括人员的去污。去污方法有机械方法和化学方法两种。) |
| 放射性发射 | radioactive emission The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements (向环境中释放放射性物质，这些物质来源于核设备和矿产，以及对放射性物质的净化和浓缩操作。) |
| 放射性安全保健数据 | radioactive health data |
| 放射性尘降物 | radioactive fallout The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion (降落到地上或水井中的物质，可以由核爆发所引起，但一般超出了地表或地下的核爆发范围。) |
| 放射性废弃物 | radioactive dumping Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements (由不稳定的原子核衰变导致的微粒或电磁辐射放射产生的废弃物。) |
| 放射性废料 | radioactive waste Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry (任何超过一般程度放射线的废料，包括核能源工业的有毒副产品。) |
| 放射性废料管理 | radioactive waste management The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical (对包含放射性核且不能用、重用和回收的物质的生产、处理、存放和运输过程的管理。) |
| 放射性废物最后处理 | terminal disposal of radwaste |
| 放射性指示剂 | radioactive tracer A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached (一种放射性同位素，当把它注入到生物或物理系统时，能被辐射检测设备追踪，并能检测到它的分布情况或位置。) |
| 放射性指示剂技术 | radioactive tracer technique |
| 放射性核 | radionuclide A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity (有放射性的核物质。) |
| 放射性污染 | radioactive contamination Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material (由放射性物质引起的对物品、生物体或场所的污染。) |
| 放射性污染物 | radioactive pollutant A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container (物质的原子核自然分解并以粒子或微波的形式释放射线。这种污染多发生在核武器爆炸或核能工厂、收容所或运输容器的事故中。) |
| 放射性物质 | radioactive substance Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned (包含一到多种放射性核素的物质。这种放射性核素的活性和浓度是辐射保护时要注意的。) |
| 放射性物质滴落 | trickle of radioactive material |
| 放射显迹物 | radioactive tracer |
| 政府机构间辐射研究与政策协调委员会 | Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination |
| 极高分辨率高级辐射探测仪 | advanced very high resolution radiometer |
| 核子放射性试验 | "Nuclear" test |
| 水放射性记录监测器 | water monitor |
| 火山发射污染物 | volcanic emissions |
| 电离放射线 | ionising radiation Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material (能够使原子充分通电并移除其电子的射线。在这种状态下原子的活性增强，因此电离射线可以增强化学反应性，通过这种方式可以产生生物效应，包括诱导DNA改变。X射线和伽玛射线是仅有的对生物材料造成电离的电磁波。) |
| 红外线辐射 | infrared radiation Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers (介于波长0.75或0.80微米至1000微米间之电磁辐射。) |
| 背景辐射 | background radiation Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil (来自于自然界的辐射而非来自于人为来源的辐射，正常情况下人们每日都暴露于此辐射下，例如来自于岩石和土壤。) |
| β辐射 | beta radiation Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue (所给名称针对于电离辐射，一个高速的放射性物质衰变时，某些类型的发射电子流。由贝他粒子在人体组织产生的辐射的能量强度，比阿尔法辐射产生的少一百倍，但是它稍微深入到组织。) |
| α粒子辐射 | alpha radiation |
| 辐射 | radiation Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation (自然或人为释放的射线，例如无线电波、太阳射线、医疗X射线和核武器和核能源产生的辐射尘和核废物。辐射通常分成非电离辐射，例如热辐射(热)和光，和核辐射。非电离辐射包括来自太阳的紫外线辐射，这种辐射虽然破坏细胞核和组织，但不产生核辐射的电离结果。) |
| 辐射一对流模式 | radioactive-convective model |
| 辐射作用 | radiation effects |
| 辐射剂量 | radiation dose The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent (物质或组织吸收的辐射的总量，有吸收剂量、照射剂量或剂量当量的说法。) |
| 辐射效果 | radiation effect Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population (从众多研究资料来看，长时间暴露在电离辐射中是有危害的。从核武器或核电站产生的核辐射尘，从土壤中的物质产生的背景辐射，暴露在X射线中都会引起辐射病。大量暴露在辐射中会很快致死，而且暴露在辐射中比其它的污染更容易致癌。) |
| 辐射暴露 | radiation exposure The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment (遭受强度能够电离原子的电磁能量辐射的行为，因此对人的健康或环境有危害。) |
| 辐射热 | radiation heat |
| 辐射物理学 | radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter (研究电离辐射和它的影响。) |
| 辐射病 | radiation sickness The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy (因受到辐射产生的复杂症状的病，是由于全身或身体大部分暴露在电离辐射中引起的。症状最初是恶心、疲劳、呕吐和痢疾，然后可能是脱发(脱毛)、出血、口腔和喉咙的炎症，以及全身乏力。) |
| 辐射监控 | radiation monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards (对给定区域的辐射程度做周期性的或连续的检查或分析，以确定规定的剂量没有超标或符合安全标准。) |
| 辐射破坏 | radiation damage Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation (由于暴露在电离辐射下而引起的对生物肉体和基因的破坏。) |
| 辐射胁迫 | radiation stress |
| 辐射适应 | radiation adaptation |
| 辐射防护 | radiation protection Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy (为了保护人员、财产和自然资源免受电离能源的危害，所使用的预防行动、检测或设施。) |
| 辐射防护法 | radiation protection law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources (由政府制定的联编规则或主体规则，建立相关的方法使人和自然资源免受由核物品、电磁流和其它来源产生的能量波的危害。) |
| 辐射雾 | radiation fog |
| 辐射霜冻 | radiation frost |
| 阿尔法射线 | alpha radiation A stream of alpha particles which are ejected from many radioactive substances having a penetrating power of a few cm in air but can be stopped by a thin piece of paper (许多放射性物质发射出的、能穿透几厘米的空气但会被一张薄纸挡住的阿尔法粒子流。) |
| 非电离性辐射 | non-ionising radiation Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects (不改变原子结构但使组织变热并可能导致有害的生物效应的辐射。) |
| 食品辐射 | food irradiation The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is themost important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries (利用电离辐射是一种最近新出现的食品保鲜技术，它比起传统方法有一些独特的优势。食品可以在包装后进行辐射处理，从而消除后处理带来的污染。此外，食品以新鲜的状态保存，可以保存很长时间而没有明显的质量损失。由于辐射与其他生产工艺类似，食品辐射也没有残留，造成的营养价值也会有所变化。辐照是在材料例如食物的处理中采用高能量，通过杀灭微生物、昆虫和其他寄居于其中的害虫来消毒和延长保质期。电离辐射的来源包括伽玛射线，电子束和X射线。伽玛射线是由如钴-60放射性的同位素的物质产生。电子束是由直线加速器产生，它本身是由电力驱动的。应用到产品的放射物质的剂量是这一过程中的最重要因素。大剂量情况下，和罐头一样，食物可以被完全消毒。这样处理的食物可以在室温下几乎无限期储存。有些国家对这种方式存在争议或禁止这种做法。) |
| 高放射性废物 | high-level radioactive waste |
| 高辐射胁迫 | high radiation stress |
