| English | Norwegian Bokmål |
| accidental release of organisms Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment | utilsiktet utsetting av organismer |
| antagonistic effect of toxic substances | antagonistisk effekt av giftig stoff |
| anticipation of danger The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these | risikokalkulering |
| approval of installations Authorization or permission for setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus | installasjonsgodkjenning |
| area of potential pollution Area which is supposedly causing dangers to human health and environment | potensielt forurenset område |
| balance of matter A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system | stoffbalanse |
| balancing of interests Considering, weighing or counterbalancing the competing political or financial concerns of different parts of society, including industries, consumers, trade unions and other groups or organizations | interesseutgjevning |
| bastardisation of fauna One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities | faunaforringelse (etter artsinnføring) |
| bastardisation of flora One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous | floraforringelse (etter artsinnføring) |
| behaviour of substances Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules | stoffegenskap |
| biological effect of pollution Effects of pollution on living systems | biologisk virkning av forurensning |
| bird of prey Any of various carnivorous bird of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes which feed on meat taken by hunting | rovfugl |
| branch of activity A specialized division of a business or other organization | næringsgren |
| calibration of measuring equipment The determination or rectification of, according to an accepted standard, the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements | kalibrering av måleutstyr |
| category of endangered species Those of the planet's flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction. Hunting and poaching to fuel the trade in ivory, horn, skins, fur and feathers have long been a threat to already endangered species. Pollution, agricultural expansion, loss of wetlands, deforestation and other erosion of habitats have been added to the hazards. Human activity was responsible for most of the animals and plants known to have been lost in the past two centuries | kategori av truet art |
| chemical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants | kjemisk måling av forurensning |
| chemical treatment of waste | kjemisk avfallsbehandling |
| closing down of firm The termination or shutdown, temporary or permanent, of a corporation, factory or some other business organization | bedriftsnedleggelse |
| code of practice A systematic collection of procedures outlining the established method of application of all relevant laws, rules or regulations to a specific endeavor | akseptert fremgangsmåte |
| composition of population The constituent groupings and proportions of the total inhabitants of a given nation, area, region or city, as seen from various perspectives | befolkningssammensetning |
| concept of environment The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity | miljøbegrep |
| conflict of aims | målkonflikt |
| conflict of interests Clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned. A situation in which regard for one duty tends to lead to disregard of another | interessekonflikt |
| conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare | vern av genetiske ressurser |
| conservation of monuments Measures adopted for the protection and the maintenance of hystorical and art monuments | minnesmerkebevaring |
| conservation of petroleum resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of exploited and potentially exploitable sources of crude oil to meet current demand and ensure future requirements | vern av petroleumsressurser |
| conservation of species Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity | artsvern |
| construction of installations No definition needed | anleggskonstruksjon |
| court of justice A tribunal having jurisdiction of appeal and review, including the ability to overturn decisions of lower courts or courts of first instance | domstol |
| Court of Justice of the European Communities Institution set up under Treaty of Rome to ensure that in interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed. It consists of judges from each member state, appointed for 6-year periods, assisted by three Advocates General. It sits in Luxembourg, expressing itself in judgements when called upon to do so in proceedings initiated by member states, institutions of the EC and natural or legal persons. Procedures are generally inquisitorial | Det europeiske felleskaps domstol |
| cultivation of agricultural land Cultivation of land for the production of plant crops. Agricultural land may be employed in an unimproved state with few, if any, management inputs (extensive rangeland), or in an intensively managed state with annual inputs of fertilizer, pest, control treatments, and tillage | dyrking av jordbruksareal |
| data on the state of the environment No definition needed | miljøtilstandsdata |
| declaration of public utility Administrative Act giving the right to take private property for public use | samfunnsnytteerklæring |
| degradation of natural resources The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: 1. fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; 2. expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; 3. increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal | naturressursforringelse |
| degradation of the environment The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed | miljøødeleggelse |
| denitrification of waste gas Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber | nitrogenfjerning fra avgass |
| destination of transport The targeted place to which persons, materials or commodities are conveyed over land, water or through the air | bestemmelsessted for transport |
| desulphurisation of fuel Removal of sulfur from fossil fuels (or removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion fuel gases) to reduce pollution | svovelfjerning fra brennstoff |
| disposal of the dead | likhåndtering |
| disposal of warfare materials Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories | disponering av krigsmateriell |
| distortion of competition Article 85 of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85, unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85. The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts | konkurransevridning |
| duration of sunshine Period of the day during which the sun is shining | soltimer |
| EC Council of Ministers The organ of the EU that is primarily concerned with the formulation of policy and the adoption of Community legislation. The Council consists of one member of government of each of the member states of the Community, and its presidency is held by each state in turn for periods of six months | EUs ministerråd |
| element of group Any of the divalent electropositive metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, belonging to group 2A of the periodic table; alkaline earth metals | jordalkalimetall |
| element of group Group III consists of two subgroups: group IIIb and group IIIa. Group IIIa consists of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanium, which is generally considered with the lanthanoids, and actinium, which is classified with the actinoids. Group IIIb, the main group, comprises boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium | grunnstoff i gruppe III |
| element of group Group V consists of two subgroups: group Vb, the main group, and group Va. Group Va consists of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, which are generally considered with the transition elements. The main group consists of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth | grunnstoff i gruppe V |
| element of group 0 A group of monatomic gaseous elements forming group 18 (formerly group 0) of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn) | edelgass |
| element of group Any of the elements of the halogen family, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine | halogen |
| element of group Group VI consists of two subgroups: group VIb, the main group, and group VIa. Group VIa consists of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The main group consists of oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium | grunnstoff i gruppe VI |
| element of group Group IV consists of two subgroups: group IVb, main group, and group IVa. Group IVa consists of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium which are generally classified as transition metals. The main group consists of carbonium, silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. The main valency of the elements is IV, and the members of the group show a variation from nonmetallic to metallic behaviour in moving down the group. The reactivity of the elements increases down the group from carbon to lead. All react with oxygen on heating | grunnstoff i gruppe IV |
| element of group Any of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, belonging to group 1A of the periodic table. They are all very reactive and electropositive; alkaline | alkalimetall |
| end-of-pipe technology An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes | teknologi for rensing før utslipp |
| environmental aspect of human settlements Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies | miljøaspekt ved bosetninger |
| environmental economics of firms The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies | miljøøkonomi i et firma |
| environmental impact of agriculture Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers | miljøbelastning fra landbruk |
| environmental impact of aquaculture Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice | miljøbelastning fra akvakultur |
| environmental impact of energy Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use | miljøbelastning fra energibruk |
| environmental impact of fishing Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing | miljøbelastning fra fiske |
| environmental impact of forestry The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources | miljøbelastning fra skogbruk |
| environmental impact of households Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. | miljøbelastning fra husholdninger |
| environmental impact of industry The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry | miljøbelastning fra industri |
| environmental impact of recreation Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities | miljøbelastning fra fritidsaktiviteter |
| environmental impact of tourism Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. | miljøbelastning fra turisme |
| environmental impact of transport Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects | miljøbelastning fra transport |
| European Court of Justice The supreme court of The European Union which oversees the application of the EU treaties, decides upon the validity and the meaning of Community legislation and determines whether any act or omission by the European Commission, the Council of Minister or any member state constitutes a breach of Community law | europeisk domstol |
| evaluation of technology No definition needed | teknologivurdering |
| excessive height of chimney stacks | overskytende høyde på fabrikkpiper |
| exploitation of underground water The process of extracting underground water from a source | avtapning av underjordisk vann |
| export of hazardous wastes Transporting by-products of society that possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade | eksport av farlig avfall |
| feeding of animals The act and effect of supplying animals with food | foring av dyr |
| fixed schedule of charges | fastpris |
| flag of convenience Practice of registering a merchant vessel with a country that has favourable (i.e. less restrictive ) safety requirements, registration fees, etc. | bekvemmelighetsflagg |
| form of government Form of authority in which an individual or group of individuals wield power over the majority | statsform |
| free movement of capital The unrestrained flow of cash, funds, and other means of wealth between countries with different currencies | fri kapitalbevegelse |
| geographical distribution of population The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country | geografisk befolkningsfordeling |
| goal of individual economic business The aim, purpose, objective, or end for a profit-seeking enterprise engaged in commerce, manufacturing, or a service | mål for enkeltstående forretningsforetak |
| hard-to-dispose-of waste Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route | spesialavfall |
| harmonisation of law The process by which two or more states, sometimes under the auspices of an interstate or international organization, change their legislation relevant to some area of common concern to conform their statutes and to facilitate compliance and enforcement across borders | lovharmonisering |
| hazard of pollutants Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem | fare ved forurensende stoff |
| health effect of noise Noise consequences on human health consist in loss of hearing and psychological effects | helsepåvirkning fra støy |
| identification of pollutants The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution | forurensningsidenitfisering |
| improvement of efficiency The beneficial development or progress in the volume of output that is achieved in terms of productivity and input, or in getting the maximum possible output from given or allocated resources | effektivisering |
| incineration of waste The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials | avfallsforbrenning |
| indexing of documentation A service which creates a special contents list, containing titles, authors, abstracts, subject headings and other information, to describe a large number of publications and to be used in searchable, machine-readable (or printed) look-up tables | indeksering av dokumentasjon |
| indicator of environmental management | miljøindikator |
| indicator of environmental quality Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality | indikator for miljøkvalitet |
| infestation of crops Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops | skadedyrangrep på avling |
| infestation of food Food that has been contaminated and deteriorated by some kind of pest | skadedyrangrep på mat |
| inspection of records | dokumentgjennomgang |
| interaction of pesticides The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others | bekjempingsmiddelinteraksjon |
| interchange of electronic data A transference of binary coded information items between two or more computers across any communications channel capable of carrying electromagnetic signals | utveksling av elektroniske data |
| internalisation of environmental costs | internalisering av miljøkostnader |
| internalisation of external costs The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions | internalisering av eksterne kostnader |
| International Court of Justice Judicial arm of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to give advisory opinions on matters of law and treaty construction when requested by the General Assembly, Security Council or any other international agency authorised by the General Assembly to petition for such opinion. It has jurisdiction, also, to settle legal disputes between nations when voluntarily submitted to it | internasjonal domstol |
| international division of labour | internasjonal arbeidsdeling |
| introduction of animal species Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities | innføring av dyrearter |
| introduction of plant species Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions | innføring av plantearter |
| inventory of forest damage Survey of a forest area to determine forest depletion. The aim of the inventory is to give an overview of the forest conditions. Especially should the inventory aim to detect any changes in the forest conditions, but it should also provide the distribution of the forest damages and find out any relation with site and stand conditions | skogskadeinventering |
| irreversibility of the phenomenon That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again | irreversibilitet |
| legal form of organisations The type, structure or purpose of an institution as arranged, required and defined by local or national laws to determine the appropriate governmental regulations, privileges and tax status applicable to that institution | organisasjoners juridiske form |
| level of education A position along a scale of increasingly advanced training marking the degree or grade of instruction either obtained by an individual, offered by a some entity or necessary for a particular job or task | utdanningsnivå |
| linear source of sound Point noise sources placed one after the other one as, for instance, in a row of cars moving on a road | linjetonekilde |
| location of industries The particular place that seems apt for the installation of a new plant; the choice of the site depends on a number of economic and environmental factors | industriplassering |
| long-term effect of pollutants | langtidseffekt av forurensning |
| loss of biotope Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution | biotoptap |
| maintenance of environment No definition needed | miljøvedlikehold |
| management of natural resources Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits | naturressursforvaltning |
| mapping of lichens Maps of lichens distribution indicating air quality. Fruticose lichens (with branched structures well above the surface) are more susceptible to SO2 damage than foliose lichens (whose leaflike thallus lies nearly flat on surface) and both in turn are more susceptible than crustose lichens (which embed their tissue in the cracks of bark, soil, or rocks). The use of morphological lichen types as indicators of air pollution concentrations is well developed | kartlegging av lav |
| means of agricultural production No definition needed | landbruksproduksjonsmiddel |
| means of communication The agents, instruments, methods or resources used to impart or interchange thoughts, opinions or information | kommunikasjonsmiddel |
| metabolism of pesticides The sum of chemical reactions, including both synthesis and breakdown, that occurs in substances or mixtures intended to prevent, destroy or mitigate pests that are directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other humans interests | pesticidmetabolisme |
| minimisation of damage The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem | skadereduksjon |
| mode of transportation Type of vehicle used for moving from one place to the other | transportmåte |
| motivation of administrative acts The underlying reason or cause, a psychological or social factor, that incites or stimulates managers, executives or supervisors to complete tasks that achieve organizational or company goals | begrunnelse for administrativ handling |
| nutritive value of food The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy | næringsverdi |
| organisation of teaching A group or association of persons united to address the concerns, methods and professional status of instructors or educators | organisering av undervisning |
| organisation of the legal system The specific manner, form and institutions by which a government's ability to make, enforce and interpret laws are brought together into a coordinated whole | rettsordenstruktur |
| organisation of work The coordination or structuring of work practices and production processes in order to influence the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace | organisering av arbeid |
| pattern of urban growth The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends | mønster for urban vekst |
| persistence of pesticides The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time | bekjempingsmiddelpersistens |
| physical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques | fysisk måling av forurensning |
| preservation of evidence To maintain and keep safe from harm, destruction or decay any species of proof legally presented at the trial of an issue, including witnesses, records, documents, exhibits and concrete objects | bevissikring |
| prevention of forest fires Precautionary actions, measures or installations implemented to avert the possibility of an unexpected conflagration of any large wooded area having a thick growth of trees and plants | forebygging av skogbrann |
| pricing policy of resources The guiding procedure or philosophy for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value of a country or region's resources, including natural resources, human resources and capital, or man-made goods | ressursprispolitikk |
| principle of sustainability Principle stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Bruntland Commission) in 1987: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainable development is a process of integrating economic, social and ecological goals, and should not mean a trade-off between the environment and development. Sustainable development should imply balance rather than conflict | bærekraftighetsprinsipp |
| promotion of trade and industry Any activity that encourages or supports the buying, selling or exchanging of goods or services with other countries, which could include marketing, diplomatic pressure or the provision of export incentives such as credits and guarantees, government subsidies, training and consultation or advice | handels- og industrifremmende tiltak |
| properties of materials The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of which a thing or object is made | materialegenskap |
| protection of animals | dyrevern |
| protection of birds | fuglevern |
| protection of species Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity | artsvern |
| public institution of administrative nature Public institution for the management of administrative issues | offentlig administrativ institusjon |
| public institution of industrial and commercial nature Public institution for the management of industrial and commercial issues | offentlig institusjon for handel og industri |
| quality of life Quality of life is largely a matter of individual preference and perception and overlaps the concept of social well-being. Generally the emphasis is on the amount and distribution of jointly consumed public goods, such as health care and welfare services, protection against crime, regulation of pollution, preservation of fine landscapes and historic townscapes | livskvalitet |
| recording of substances No definition needed | stoffregistrering |
| recovery of landscape Reclamation measures taken to restore the environmental quality level of a landscape to its predisturbed condition | landskapsutbedring |
| regulation of agricultural production A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to the cultivation of land, raising crops, or feeding, breeding and raising livestock | regulering av landbruksproduksjon |
| release of organisms The release of organisms in the environment creates the risk that once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria | utsetting av organismer |
| report on the state of the environment A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region | miljøtilstandsrapport |
| research of the effects Investigation carried out to assess the results deriving from an action or condition; general term applying to many different fields | virkningsforskning |
| residual amount of water Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities | restvann |
| residue of grinding Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles | oppmalingsrest |
| restoration of water Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach | gjenoppretting av vannkvalitet |
| restriction of production Any decision, action or policy which limits or constrains the making of valued goods or services | produksjonsrestriksjon |
| retrofitting of old plants Making changes to old industrial plants installing new equipment's and facilities for the disposal of gas emissions in the atmosphere, of waste water and waste material in soil and water | regenerering av gammelt anlegg |
| reuse of materials Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale | gjenbruk av materialer |
| right of access | tilkomstrett |
| right of property The legal guarantee or just claim inhering in a citizen's relation to some physical thing, but especially a plot of land, including the right to possess, use and dispose of it | eiendomsrett |
| rights of future generations The moral, legal or ethical claims of posterity on present people, based on the recognition that the young and unborn are vulnerable to contemporary decision-making, especially decisions having long-term effect on the societies and environment they inherit | fremtidige generasjoners rettigheter |
| rights of nature A rule or body of rules that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human society, as opposed to human-made laws such as legislative acts and judicial decisions | lov angående naturen |
| rights of the individual Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to each and every member of a group or state, including the freedom to do certain things and the freedom from certain intrusions imposed by the collective body | den enkeltes rettigheter |
| security of installations Measures, techniques or designs implemented to protect from harm or restrict access to any apparatus, machinery or construction put in place or connected for use | installasjonssikring |
| seizure of profits The official or legally authorized act of taking away monetary gain or surplus resulting from investments or property or from returns, proceeds or revenue in a business or business transaction | profittkonfiskering |
| selection of technology No definition needed | teknologivalg |
| selective breeding of animals Breeding of animals having desirable characters | selektiv dyreavl |
| selective breeding of plants Breeding of plants having desirable characters | selektiv planteforedling |
| selective dissemination of information A service provided by a library or other agency that periodically notifies users of new publications, report literature or other data sources in subjects in which the user has specified an interest | selektiv informasjonsspredning |
| separator of light liquids A mechanical device for separating and removing residues from fuel and lubricating oil from waste water coming from filling stations and industrial plants in order to avoid pollution of water bodies; this system is based on the different specific weights of water and fuel residues that float on the water and can be easily removed | separator for lette væsker |
| side effects of pharmaceutical drugs | bivirkning av farmasøytiske preparater |
| sinking of waste A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water | nedsenking av avfall |
| size of business No definition needed | omfang av forretningsvirksomhet |
| slaughtering of animals Killing of animals for food | slakting av dyr |
| socioeconomic aspect of human settlements | sosio-økonomisk aspekt ved bosetning |
| socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness | sosio-økonomisk konsekvens av bioteknologi |
| source of pollution The place, places or areas from where a pollutant is released into the atmosphere or water, or where noise is generated. A source can be classified as point source, i.e. a large individual generator of pollution, an area source, or a line source, e.g. vehicle emissions and noise | forurensningskilde |
| state of matter One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states | tilstand (fysikk) |
| state of the art Everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use or in any other way before the date of the patent application, or an application filed in a foreign country the priority of which is validly claimed | aktuelt teknisk nivå |
| state of waste | avfallstilstand |
| status of development The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities | utviklingsstatus |
| strength of materials No definition needed | materialstyrke |
| substitution of halogenated compounds Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents | substitusjon av halogenerte forbindelser |
| substitution of phosphate Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways | fosfatsubstitusjon |
| supervision of building works The oversight or direction in the construction and maintenance of houses, facilities, offices and other structures | bygningskontroll |
| supervision of installation The oversight or direction over the process of setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus | anleggskontroll |
| synergistic effect of toxic substances 1. A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2. An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated | synergieffekt av giftige stoff |
| taking of evidence In criminal law and torts, the act of laying hold upon an evidence, with or without removing the same | bevisopptak |
| termination of employment The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution | avslutning av arbeidsforhold |
| testing of chemicals The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products | kjemikalieprøving |
| testing of materials The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests | materialprøving |
| testing of plant protection products Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment | plantevernmiddelprøving |
| theory of money A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply | pengeteori |
| theory of the environment A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system | miljøteori |
| theory of the welfare state A political conception of government in a capitalist economy where the state is responsible for insuring that all members of society attain a minimum standard of living through redistribution of resources, progressive taxation and universal social programs, including health care and education | velferdsstatsteori |
| toxicity of pesticides | pesticidtoksisitet |
| transposition of directive | direktivimplementering |
| treatment of gases Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons | gassbehandling |
| trend of opinion The general movement, drift or direction of change in a viewpoint collectively and purportedly held by a significant number of people | opinionstrend |
| trinity of principles trias of environmental policy principles: precautionary, originator (polluter-pays) and cooperation principle; Three fundamental principles of environmental policy: precautionary principle, polluter pays-principle and cooperation principle | tre prinsipper |
| type of business The class or category of an enterprise or organization involved in an economy | virksomhetstype |
| type of claim A class or category of interests or remedies recognized in law or equity that create in the holder a right to the interest or its proceeds, typically taking the form of money, property or privilege | klageart |
| type of management The different, specific methods of business administration | forvaltningstype |
| type of tenure The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use | eierskapsform i landbruket |
| type of waste A grouping by type of unusable material left over from any process | avfallskategori |
| use of leisure time Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities | bruk av fritid |
| use of waste as energy source | bruk av avfall som energikilde |
| use of waste as material | bruk av avfall som materiale |
| utilisation of calorific value Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature) | brennverdi-utnytting |
| utilisation of pesticides Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals | bruk av bekjempingsmiddel |
| vector of human diseases An agent or organism that acts as a carrier or transmitter of a human illness | smittebærer |
