| common-law marriage | гражданский брак (marriage undertaken without either a civil or religious ceremony. In a common-law marriage, the parties simply agree to consider themselves married. The common-law marriage is a rarity today, mainly because of the legal problems of property and inheritance that attend it in complex urban societies. Common-law marriages were valid in England until Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1753. The act did not apply to Scotland, however, and for many years thereafter couples went north across the border to thwart the ban. On the European continent, common-law marriages were frequent in the Middle Ages, but their legality was abolished in the Roman Catholic (Roman Catholicism) countries by the Council of Trent (Trent, Council of) (1545–63), which required that marriages be celebrated in the presence of a priest and two witnesses. Britannica Alexander Demidov) |
