| English | Chinese |
| competition law That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules | 竞争法 (处理包括垄断和兼并、限制性贸易协定、不得低价转让商品的规定及受欧盟规则影响的扭曲性竞争等商业活动的法律。) |
| distortion of competition Article 85 of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85, unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85. The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts | 竞争扭曲 (欧洲经济共同体(EEC)的协定条款85 1. 规定禁止一切如下的企业之间的协定、联盟企业间的决策，及商定惯例，即那些可能会影响会员国间的贸易以及其目标或结果是阻止、限制或扭曲在共同市场中进行竞争的协议。 根据条款85 2.所有这些协议将自动失效，除非委员会依照条款85 3. 免除。条款85的全文如下："1禁止一切如下的企业之间的协定、联盟企业间的决策，及商定惯例，即那些可能会影响会员国间的贸易以及与其目标或结果是阻止、限制或扭曲在共同市场中进行竞争的协议，特别是以下内容：a.直接或间接的固定买卖价格或任何其他交易状况； b.限制或控制生产、市场、技术发展、或投资额；c.分享市场或供应源； d. 适用不同的条件，与其他贸易方的相应交易，从而把他们在竞争中处于劣势； e.作出契约结论，依性质或商业惯例接受与契约目标无关联的其他追加契约伙伴。) |
| economic competition The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers | 经济竞争 (希望买卖某种商品或服务的个人或者公司拥有选择供应商或者消费者的市场状况。) |
| restriction on competition Article 85 of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85, unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85. The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts | 竞争限制 (EEC条约的85 1. 篇禁止承包方和决策方之间的所有以下协议，这些协议可能影响成员国的交易并且结果是阻止、限制或扭曲了一般市场的竞争。在85 2.篇规定所有这样的协议自动无效，除非由委员会按照85 3.中的规定赦免。85篇的内容是："1. 以下一些不适合一般市场的情况应当被禁止：承包方和决策方的所有协议，这些协议可能影响成员国的交易并且结果是阻止、限制或扭曲了一般市场的竞争。特别是：a.直接或间接的固定购买超过卖出的价格或有任何交易条件；b.限制或控制生产、市场、技术发展或投资；c.共享供给的市场或资源；d.和其他贸易方进行同等的交易时使用了不同的条件，因此给他们带来了竞争劣势；e.和有附带责任的其它方确定合同，按照他们的本性或商业使用来说，和这个合同的主体没有关系。") |
