scrap preheating practice(There are essentially two types of scrap preheating practices: one is external and the other is internal to the EAF. 从实质上讲，存在两种废钢预热实践：一种是电弧炉外预热，另一种是电弧炉内预热。)
gas-fired ladle preheater(The 600 kW electric ladle preheater has demonstrated that it is capable of using considerably less energy than a gas-fired ladle preheater to accomplish the same task. 这台600 kW 的钢包电能预热器已经证明它能够使用比钢包燃气预热器少得多的能量去完成同样的加热任务。)
electric ladle preheater(However, the operating experience with the electric ladle preheater has not indicated any problem with inadequate heating of the ladle bottom as evidenced by solidified steel or difficulty in opening the pouring nozzle. 然而，使用钢包电能预热器的操作经验尚未显示出任何可以证明与钢包底部加热不足有关的问题，如钢水凝固或水口难于打开等。)
