killed steel ingot(The killed steel ingot contains no porosity and is used where high strength and resistance to impact are essential, and when the steel is to be welded. 镇静钢钢锭无气孔,这种钢适用于强度和抗冲击性能要求高以及需要焊接的地方。)
ingot(【技】将冶炼好的钢液浇注到钢锭模内,凝固后形成的锭块。按重量或尺寸,钢锭分为大钢锭和小钢锭;按形状,钢锭分为圆形、多边形、扁形、特殊形状的钢锭。: Ingots of steel weighing about 8 tonnes come from an adjacent steel works; they are put into a 'soaking pit' furnace to bring them to an intense white heat and to ensure that the temperature of the metal is uniform. 将附近钢厂运来的重约 8t 的钢锭送人均热炉加热到白热状态,并确保其温度均匀分布。)
large nonmetallic inclusions in ingot(【技】钢锭中尺寸大于 l00μm 的非金属夹杂物。多半为铁锰硅酸盐、铝酸盐或莫来石、刚玉等。其主要来源是耐火材料的浸蚀物或钢水二次氧化的产物。为减少钢锭中的大型夹杂物,在出钢和浇注过程中应采取措施防止各种夹杂物进人钢水:对碳锰含量较低、硅铝含量较高的钢种,应防止钢水二次氧化;对碳锰含量较高、硅铝含量较低的钢种,则应防止耐火材料的浸蚀。)
ingot mould(From there, the steel is either poured in continuous casting machines, as will be described later, or into ingot moulds whose capacity is governed by ladle size; a typical large mould used in conjunction with a 300 tonne ladle would be of 15 tonne capacity. 此后,或将钢水浇人连铸机(见 后面详述),或将钢水浇人钢锭模铸锭。锭模容量视钢包大小而定,与容量 300t 钢包相匹配的典型大钢锭模容量为 15t。)
crystal structure of steel ingot(【技】钢锭通常由晶粒组织不同的三个区域组成:①钢锭表面细小等轴晶带,亦称急冷层。钢液与模壁接触,受到强烈冷却,获得较大的过冷度。由于过冷熔体中的杂质及粗糙模壁都可成为现成的结晶核心,几乎同时形成大量晶核,它们彼此妨碍各自的长大,因而得到不同取向的细小等轴晶带。②柱状晶带。随着锭表急冷层的形成,特别是锭壳和模壁之间形成气隙后,更使钢液的散热强度降低,凝固前沿中过冷度减小。在这样的条件下,位于锭表细小等轴晶带之后,接着形成了迎着热流方向生长的有明显方向性的柱状晶带。③锭心粗大等轴晶带。随着柱状晶的不断成长,散热强度逐渐减小,液析过程得以发展,在凝固前沿产生杂质元素的富集层。结晶速度降低到某一临界值后,阻止柱状晶的继续生长,导致富集层前面成分较纯、过冷度较大的钢液中产生孤立的等轴晶,并向各个方向长大,形成无一定方向的粗大等轴晶。)
retarded cooling and annealing of ingot(【技】一种钢锭冷却工艺,适用于不采用热送的优质钢和合金钢钢锭,特别是那些冷却时容易变硬,热应力和组织应力大的某些钢种的钢锭。其目的是消除或减缓钢锭的热应力和组织应力;改善钢锭内部粗大和不均匀的铸态组织;降低钢锭的硬度,便于钢锭的表面精整处理。)
mold level control(In addition, other conditions including steel cleanliness, mold level control, slag rim buildup and removal, and mold flushes affect the lubrication ability of the mold powder. 此外,包括钢水洁净度、结晶器液面控制、渣圈的积聚与清除以及结晶器溢流在内的其他条件,都会对结晶器保护渣的润滑能力产生影响。)