partially solidified shell(Emi et al. proposed that the pressure generated in the flux channel at the meniscus deforms the partially solidified shell and produces oscillation marks. 江见等人提出金属弯月面处保护渣通道内产生的压力使部分凝固坯壳变形从而产生振痕。)
partly solidified strand(Withdrawal of the partly solidified strand from the mould is achieved by oscillating the strand horizontally through a precisely controlled cycle involving Pull, Pause and Push Back phases. 通过一个精密控制的、包括拉、暂停和反推阶段的拉坯循环，使铸坯在水平方向上振动，这样部分凝固的铸坯即可从结晶器中拉出。)
