path of material flow(By design the seal valves are always out of the path of material flow to prevent material abrasion, which reduces the probability of a sealing problem. 按照设计，密封阀总是避开料流通道，以避免料流对其的磨损，降低密封问题出现的概率。)
flux channel(Takeuchi et al. demonstrated that the pressure in the flux channel is influenced by oscillation parameters such as stroke and frequency. 武内等人论证了保护渣通道内的压力受诸如振幅和振频等振动参数的影响。)
mold flux channel(Casting speed has a strong influence on oscillation mark depth because it affects liquid steel temperature - at the meniscus, and the corresponding temperature distribution in the mold flux channel. 由于拉坯速度影响金属弯月面处的钢水温度乃至结晶器保护渣通道内相应的温度分布，因此它对振痕深度有重要影响。)
flux channel at meniscus(Emi et al. proposed that the pressure generated in the flux channel at the meniscus deforms the partially solidified shell and produces oscillation marks. 江见等人提出金属弯月面处保护渣通道内产生的压力使部分凝固坯壳变形从而产生振痕。)
