| Chinese | English |
| 反逆渗透作用 | reverse osmosis |
| 反渗透 | reverse osmosis A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale (从含盐的水中获得纯水的方法，即脱盐。纯水和盐水用半渗透性的薄膜分开并且盐水的压强高于渗透压强，这使盐水中的水通过薄膜进入纯水。这个过程需要25个气压的压强，这使得这个方法很难大规模应用。) |
| 受控环境透明化系统 | controlled environmental vitrification system |
| 水渗透到地下 | water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores (地表水通过裂缝和孔进入土壤或岩石的运动。) |
| 渗透 | osmosis The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. A semipermeable membrane is one through which the molecules of a solvent can pass but the molecules of most solutes cannot. There is a thermodynamic tendency for solutions separated by such a membrane to become equal in concentration, the water (or other solvent) flowing from the weaker to the stronger solution. Osmosis will stop when the two solutions reach equal concentration, and can also be stopped by applying a pressure to the liquid on the stronger-solution side of the membrane. The pressure required to stop the flow from a pure solvent into a solution is a characteristic of the solution, and is called the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of particles in the solution, not on their nature (指溶剂通过一种半透膜。溶剂分子可能穿过这种半透膜，但是多数溶质分子不能通过。经半透膜分离的溶剂的热力学倾向变得相对集中，从微弱的水(或其它溶剂)流动到更强的溶剂。渗透作用将逐渐停止，直到二种溶剂达到相等的集中，并且可能通过施加压力于膜上达到液体中溶剂的不平衡。渗透压仅仅取决于溶液中粒子的浓度，而不是它们的特性。) |
| 渗透 | infiltration Movement of water through the soil surface into the ground (水流过土壤表面进入地下的运动过程。) |
| 渗透剂 | impregnating agent A material used to fill holes in wood, plaster, or other surfaces before applying a coating such as paint or varnish (在对木材、石膏或其他物质表面涂漆前,应注满它们表面的孔隙，注入时所用的制剂被称为渗透剂。) |
| 渗透原料 | impregnation The forcing of a liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order to change its properties, as the impregnation of wood with creosote to preserve its integrity against water damage; materials (对液体施压使其通过多孔固体的孔隙，从而改变固体的某些性能，如用木榴油浸渍过的木材可以免受水的侵蚀而保持自身的完整性。) |
| 渗透性 | permeability The ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it (膜或其它材料允许物质穿过它的能力。) |
| 渗透磁导系数 | permeability coefficient |
| 穿透 贯人力 | penetrating power |
| 透光百分数 | percent transmission |
| 透析 | dialysis A process of selective diffusion through a membrane; usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not (选择性扩散通过薄膜的过程；通常用于分离可通过扩散通过薄膜的低分子量溶质，与无法通过薄膜的胶体和高分子量溶质。) |
