| Chinese | English |
| 伽马辐射 | gamma radiation Radiation of gamma rays (伽玛射线辐射。) |
| 低辐射胁迫 | low radiation stress |
| 化学辐射尘 | chemical fallout The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions (工业排放造成的大气中积累的化学物质的积淀。) |
| 美国国家辐射防护与测量委员会 | National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement |
| 大气辐射测量 | atmospheric radiation measurement |
| 太阳辐射 | solar radiation The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun (电磁辐射和太阳发射的粒子。) |
| 宇宙辐射 | cosmic radiation Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth (来自外太空而具有非常高能量的、由原子核-特别是质子所组成的辐射。有些宇宙辐射具有极高的能量，可以穿透地球超过一英里深。) |
| 政府机构间辐射研究与政策协调委员会 | Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination |
| 极高分辨率高级辐射探测仪 | advanced very high resolution radiometer |
| 红外线辐射 | infrared radiation Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers (介于波长0.75或0.80微米至1000微米间之电磁辐射。) |
| 背景辐射 | background radiation Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil (来自于自然界的辐射而非来自于人为来源的辐射，正常情况下人们每日都暴露于此辐射下，例如来自于岩石和土壤。) |
| α粒子辐射 | alpha radiation |
| β辐射 | beta radiation Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue (所给名称针对于电离辐射，一个高速的放射性物质衰变时，某些类型的发射电子流。由贝他粒子在人体组织产生的辐射的能量强度，比阿尔法辐射产生的少一百倍，但是它稍微深入到组织。) |
| 辐射 | radiation Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation (自然或人为释放的射线，例如无线电波、太阳射线、医疗X射线和核武器和核能源产生的辐射尘和核废物。辐射通常分成非电离辐射，例如热辐射(热)和光，和核辐射。非电离辐射包括来自太阳的紫外线辐射，这种辐射虽然破坏细胞核和组织，但不产生核辐射的电离结果。) |
| 辐射一对流模式 | radioactive-convective model |
| 辐射作用 | radiation effects |
| 辐射剂量 | radiation dose The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent (物质或组织吸收的辐射的总量，有吸收剂量、照射剂量或剂量当量的说法。) |
| 辐射效果 | radiation effect Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population (从众多研究资料来看，长时间暴露在电离辐射中是有危害的。从核武器或核电站产生的核辐射尘，从土壤中的物质产生的背景辐射，暴露在X射线中都会引起辐射病。大量暴露在辐射中会很快致死，而且暴露在辐射中比其它的污染更容易致癌。) |
| 辐射暴露 | radiation exposure The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment (遭受强度能够电离原子的电磁能量辐射的行为，因此对人的健康或环境有危害。) |
| 辐射热 | radiation heat |
| 辐射物理学 | radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter (研究电离辐射和它的影响。) |
| 辐射病 | radiation sickness The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy (因受到辐射产生的复杂症状的病，是由于全身或身体大部分暴露在电离辐射中引起的。症状最初是恶心、疲劳、呕吐和痢疾，然后可能是脱发(脱毛)、出血、口腔和喉咙的炎症，以及全身乏力。) |
| 辐射监控 | radiation monitoring The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards (对给定区域的辐射程度做周期性的或连续的检查或分析，以确定规定的剂量没有超标或符合安全标准。) |
| 辐射破坏 | radiation damage Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation (由于暴露在电离辐射下而引起的对生物肉体和基因的破坏。) |
| 辐射胁迫 | radiation stress |
| 辐射适应 | radiation adaptation |
| 辐射防护 | radiation protection Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy (为了保护人员、财产和自然资源免受电离能源的危害，所使用的预防行动、检测或设施。) |
| 辐射防护法 | radiation protection law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources (由政府制定的联编规则或主体规则，建立相关的方法使人和自然资源免受由核物品、电磁流和其它来源产生的能量波的危害。) |
| 辐射雾 | radiation fog |
| 辐射霜冻 | radiation frost |
| 非电离性辐射 | non-ionising radiation Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects (不改变原子结构但使组织变热并可能导致有害的生物效应的辐射。) |
| 食品辐射 | food irradiation The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is themost important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries (利用电离辐射是一种最近新出现的食品保鲜技术，它比起传统方法有一些独特的优势。食品可以在包装后进行辐射处理，从而消除后处理带来的污染。此外，食品以新鲜的状态保存，可以保存很长时间而没有明显的质量损失。由于辐射与其他生产工艺类似，食品辐射也没有残留，造成的营养价值也会有所变化。辐照是在材料例如食物的处理中采用高能量，通过杀灭微生物、昆虫和其他寄居于其中的害虫来消毒和延长保质期。电离辐射的来源包括伽玛射线，电子束和X射线。伽玛射线是由如钴-60放射性的同位素的物质产生。电子束是由直线加速器产生，它本身是由电力驱动的。应用到产品的放射物质的剂量是这一过程中的最重要因素。大剂量情况下，和罐头一样，食物可以被完全消毒。这样处理的食物可以在室温下几乎无限期储存。有些国家对这种方式存在争议或禁止这种做法。) |
| 高辐射胁迫 | high radiation stress |
