| Chinese | English |
| 国际竞争力 | international competitiveness The ability of firms to strive with rivals in the production and sale of commodities in worldwide markets (公司在生产和商品销售在全球市场范围内与竞争对手竞争的能力。) |
| 竞争 | competition biological, The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms or species for an essential common resource that is actually or potentially in limited supply (两单位以上的生物体或物种﹐对必要的公共资源同时产生需求，而该资源的供给可能是有限的﹐或实际上是有限的。) |
| 竞争力 | competitiveness The ability of a firm to strive in the market with rivals in the production and sale of commodities or services and, analogously, the ability of a country to maintain a relatively high standard of living for its citizens through trade in international markets (一个公司在市场中与竞争对手就商品的生产和销售或服务的竞争能力；相同地，一个国家通过贸易在国际市场中为其国民维持相对高生活品质的能力。) |
| 竞争扭曲 | distortion of competition Article 85 of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85, unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85. The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts (欧洲经济共同体(EEC)的协定条款85 1. 规定禁止一切如下的企业之间的协定、联盟企业间的决策，及商定惯例，即那些可能会影响会员国间的贸易以及其目标或结果是阻止、限制或扭曲在共同市场中进行竞争的协议。 根据条款85 2.所有这些协议将自动失效，除非委员会依照条款85 3. 免除。条款85的全文如下："1禁止一切如下的企业之间的协定、联盟企业间的决策，及商定惯例，即那些可能会影响会员国间的贸易以及与其目标或结果是阻止、限制或扭曲在共同市场中进行竞争的协议，特别是以下内容：a.直接或间接的固定买卖价格或任何其他交易状况； b.限制或控制生产、市场、技术发展、或投资额；c.分享市场或供应源； d. 适用不同的条件，与其他贸易方的相应交易，从而把他们在竞争中处于劣势； e.作出契约结论，依性质或商业惯例接受与契约目标无关联的其他追加契约伙伴。) |
| 竞争法 | competition law That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules (处理包括垄断和兼并、限制性贸易协定、不得低价转让商品的规定及受欧盟规则影响的扭曲性竞争等商业活动的法律。) |
| 竞争限制 | restriction on competition Article 85 of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85, unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85. The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts (EEC条约的85 1. 篇禁止承包方和决策方之间的所有以下协议，这些协议可能影响成员国的交易并且结果是阻止、限制或扭曲了一般市场的竞争。在85 2.篇规定所有这样的协议自动无效，除非由委员会按照85 3.中的规定赦免。85篇的内容是："1. 以下一些不适合一般市场的情况应当被禁止：承包方和决策方的所有协议，这些协议可能影响成员国的交易并且结果是阻止、限制或扭曲了一般市场的竞争。特别是：a.直接或间接的固定购买超过卖出的价格或有任何交易条件；b.限制或控制生产、市场、技术发展或投资；c.共享供给的市场或资源；d.和其他贸易方进行同等的交易时使用了不同的条件，因此给他们带来了竞争劣势；e.和有附带责任的其它方确定合同，按照他们的本性或商业使用来说，和这个合同的主体没有关系。") |
| 经济竞争 | economic competition The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers (希望买卖某种商品或服务的个人或者公司拥有选择供应商或者消费者的市场状况。) |
| 限制竞争行为 | restrictive trade practice Business operation or action that confines or limits the free exchange of goods and services within a country or between countries, which may include discrimination, exclusive dealings, collusion agreements or price fixing (在一个国家内部或国家之间限制自由商品和服务交换的业务操作或活动，这种限制包括歧视、独家交易、协议或串通定价。) |
