procedural problem products(西方企业管理学者把工业用品分为三类：效能问题产品 (performance problem products)，程序问题产品(procedural problem products)，例行采购产品(routine order products))
project and engineering designs(包括:进度安排 (time-scheduling)、 场地勘察与调查 (site prospecting and probing)、工厂设计与图纸编制 (preparation of blueprints and plant designs)、工厂详细设计 (detailed plant engineering)、工艺及设备的最后选定 (final selection of technology and equipment))
