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Terms for subject Explosives and Explosive Ordnance Disposal containing | all forms
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on
first
一五一十blow-by-blow
一切在内overall
一季所伐木材fell
一次放炮崩落岩石fell-burst
一次爆破深度depth of pull
一组雷管平均起爆时间一般稍微偏离标称的起爆时间。这种平均值对公称值的偏移则是第一个影响定时精确的因素。在平均值附近的起爆时间分布是第二个因素The mean or average firing time for any group of detonators typically is slightly offset from the nominal firing time. This shift of the mean from the nominal is the first timing accuracy factor. The distribution of the firing times around the mean firing time is the second factor
一般run-of-the mine
一般控制系统general control system
一触即发explosive
一触即发问题an explosive issue
一贯typical
一贯systematic
three
三个three
三度there-dimensional
三度空间there-dimensional
三维there-dimensional
三维时空过程three-dimensional process in space and time
三角形稳定性triangular stability
三角法trigonometric
三锥tricone
三键triple linked
三面采空矿柱应力集中区peninsula abutment
上升。攀缘而登的climbing
上游原材料供应和硝酸铵生产、以及炸药在矿区最终用途、是考虑的内容Upstream raw material supply and ammonium nitrate manufacture are considered, together with the end-use of explosives on mine sites
上行upgoing
上覆盖overlying
上面over prep. 越过。 在…之上。 遍于…之上。—a
下台。—n.出局out
下向underhand
下等lower
下等off-grade
下等coarse
下陷depressed
不一定contingent
不传热opaque
不假思索automatic
不做作natural
不光明正大oblique
不公开closed
不出问题爆破trouble-free blasting
不分段undecked
不受任何限制约束absolute
不受感动untouched
不受控制unbounded
不受束缚unrestricted
不受误差影响free from error
不受限制沟槽unrestricted trenching
不变constanta
不可到达地段inaccessible site
不可拓延外表面inextensible outer surface
不可更改final
不合常规现象或事件abnormality
不合格below proof
不同varying
不同分子炸药混人融化的梯恩梯中、将附加的能量和/或感度赋予助爆药Different molecular explosives are mixed into the melted TNT and impart additional energy and/or sensitivity to the booster
不同比例铵油炸药和聚苯乙烯颗粒的混合物ISANOL
不同部门间合作非常必要interdepartmental cooperation is essential
不听话refractory
不和谐jarring
不在意absent
不失望undamped
不定时发生sporadic
不实际abstract
不屈不挠tough
不平衡岩石表面uneven rock surface
不成功failed
不按质量分等级run-of-the mine
不接地off ground
不断尝试sustained attempt
不易受影响insusceptible
不易爆破场地hard-shot ground
不易被水沾湿hydrophobic
不正直jackleg
不混溶两种不能混合相溶的液体,如在乳化炸药中氧化剂水滴不溶于油而被燃料包围immiscible
不清晰indistinct
不清楚unexplained
不热情cold
不牢固weak
不用封泥糊炮爆破mud without capping
不用炮泥糊炮二次爆破mudcapping without capping
不用炸药采矿环境explosive s-free mining environment
不用讲稿extemporaneous
不结实slight
不能伸展inextensible
不能混合液体immiscible liquid
不能混合溶剂immiscible solvents
不舒服constrained
不良钻孔指标indicators of poor drilling
不规则unequal
不言而喻危险associated hazards
不连续noncontinuous
不连续启停系统discontinuous start-stop systems
不连贯abrupt
不透空气air-sealed
不间断ongoing
与世隔绝enclosed
与光有关photic
与压缩有关compressional
与台阶爆破数据拟合实例actual example of a fit to bench blasting data
与回采工作面平行炮孔balanced hole
与实际情况相匹配炸药job-matched explosive
与居住有关residential
与正确或真实情况相悖aberrant
与法线构成偏角angle of underlay
与生俱来native
与走向呈直角方向direction at right angles to the strike
专业specialized
专有sole
专横arbitrary
专门设计custom-designed
世纪其他国家就没有可以与爱迪生相比发明家Other counties had no inventor to compare with Edison last century. 20
世纪、商务印书馆是中国最大出版公司In the past century the Commercial Press was the biggest publishing concern in China. 20
世纪是科技知识激增时代The 21st century is an era of exploding knowledge of science. 21
众所周知、不同类型岩石破碎特点差别很大、尤其在破碎曲线的细端变化大、因为岩石破碎受自身的内在属性控制、而不是受岩石自身的大缺陷和结构的控制The breakage characteristics of different rock types are known to vary over a wide range, especially at the fine end of the fragmentation curve where breakage is controlled by the inherent properties of the rock substance itself, rather than being controlled by its larger scale flaws and structure
众所周知、所谓温室气体在大气中浓度增加进而这种气体吸收反射的红外线、导致全球温度上升。据信、大气温室气体浓度的增加、正是近来测到全球气候变暖的原因之一Increased atmospheric concentrations of so-called greenhouse gases GHGs are known to increase global temperatures by absorption of reflected infrared radiation and are believed to be contributing to the recently measured global warming
优秀good
优质premium
会凋零evanescent
会聚性convergent
倒塌collapsed
倒碎crushed
climatic
倚赖dependent
overladen
fractional
分割intersected
分子流体变化扰动理论variational perturbation theory of molecular fluids
分开离,裂separating
分散dissipated
分析法analytical
分段装药单独部分deck load
分离出来abstracted
分纵栏印刷或书写columnar
分解过炸药decomposed explosive
secant
切合实际压力载荷realistic pressure load
切实tangible
切实可行workable
划定安全区determined safety zone
划拨款项allocation
列成表格tabular
包在荚膜内encapsulated
包括一切费用作业all-expense operation
包过capped
化学反应速率取决于压力大小、并随着反应物质的膨胀而迅速降低The rate of chemical reaction is strongly pressure dependent and will decrease rapidly as the reacting material expands
化学能代替物理能只是能量转换过程A replacement of physical energy by chemical energy is a mere process of energy transformation
吃饭占据生活优先地位Eating precedes all other things
各炮孔引爆之间延时间隔delay interval between blasthole initiations
各省部,局interdepartmental
各种all
comprehensive
合作coefficient
合作社cooperative
合成应力爆破模型在长时间内具有具体描述爆破过程潜力、但目前只应用在研究中In the long term, a hybrid stress blasting model has the potential to provide a practical description of the blasting process but is currently limited to research applications
合理化rationalized
合算cost-effective
corporate
同一时期of even data
同形homomorphic
同性质homogeneous
同情心虽说是人类特有情感、但铁石心肠的人不具有这种情感Sympathy, which is a feeling characteristic of mankind, is not found in those with marble hearts
同意义equivalent
同时存在发生synchronous
同等人或物coordinator
同等人或物coordinate
同轴in-line
后加张力post-tensioning
后退regressive
transversal
向上一击upstroke
向冰川面stoss
向后吹气流blow-back
向国家发改委申请给奶牛场一些补贴apply to the State Development and Reform Committee for some subsidy to a milk cow farm
向示威人群发射橡皮子弹fire rubber bullets at the demonstrating crowd
向量峰值质子速度vector peak particle velocity
唐突abrupt
圆柱columnar
圆柱体cylindrical
堆积cumulate
堆积accumulational
处于原始状态virgin
处境…的fixed
处理或置放废品disposal
处理后指标processed index
处理风险方法methods of handling risk
复能情况reactivation
夏日干热风烘烤着庄稼和其他生灵Dry summer blasts bake crops and other life
外国external
外来outside
外源性exogenetic
外科手术operating
外表quasi
外表结块caked
外面out
多丘陵hilly
多余waste
多机能polyfunctional
多样地理条件varying geological conditions
多用途multi-functional
封闭炮孔声速acoustic velocity of the confiner
将伤亡风险降到最小minimizing of the risk of death or injury
将要撤除建筑物70米高The building to be demolished has an altitude of 70 meters
小巧可爱little
小溪延伸到森林深处是一个曲流拐弯过程The extension of the small stream to the deep of the forest is a tortuous course
尖刻acid
尖酸刻薄cutting
布满灰尘dusty
布置两个变体分别为“V形布置”和"露天矿V形布置"en-echelon
希腊字母最后一个字Ωomega
开启open 过去分词形式。—a. 开opened
开启opener
开往巴黎列车a train bound for Paris
开拓frontier
弄弯curved
弄脏contaminated
引人向上elevating
引火incendiary
引起轰动人或物dynamite product types
怀旧retrospective
意外引爆通常是由于炸药暴露在环境中受到撞击、或与撞击物体之间发生挤压摩擦所导致accidental initiations often involves situations where the explosive is exposed to impact or become squeezed between impacting objects
意外飞石产生、是由于爆破过程或岩体中出现异常、致使破碎岩石出乎意料地飞越爆破禁区之外Wild flyrock occurs due to the unexpected propulsion of rock fragments,when there is some abnormality in a blast or a rock mass, that travels beyond the blast clearance exclusion zone
成一定角度放置angled
成为…的燃。⑩使发红fire
成为空empty
成几何级数增减geometric
成团lump
成团agglomerate
成对4共轭的couple 的过去分词形式coupled
成粒、粒状的granulated
成轴axial
老板已向相关部门申请护照My boss has applied to the authorities concerned for a passport
我们在图书馆查到同一时期有关文献In the library we have found the relevant literature of even data
我们最关心是让经济恢复活力Our prime concern is to get the economy back to its feet
我们通过实验又证实、随着炮孔未装药部分长度的减少、抛掷的散射角度则加大了Our experiments also confirmed that the scatter of the angle of throw increases as the unloaded hole length decreases
战场上、炮火炸掉了他双腿The gunfire on the battleground blew his legs off
持久continued
指定assigned
按次序sequential
挖去…的果core 的过去分词cored
挖掘机挖掘速率shovel dig rate
挖…的核core
搏动pulsating
《时代》分四期连载了这位医生关于癌症研究文稿TIME published as a serial this doctor's contributions about cancer research in four issues
明了coherent
明亮liquid
明确测试标准和条例specified test criteria and protocols
明确警示内在危险explicit warning against inherent danger
易伸缩elastic
易受…的影be sensitive to
易变fugitive
易激动combustible
易突然发作volcanic
易起火ignitable
最上等prime
最上等牛肉价格the price of prime beef
最严厉extreme
最佳prime
最后修整finishing
最后胜利必然属于你The final victory will inevitably belong to you
最坏时候worst
最基本staple
最大King
最大extreme
最大范围发射角launch angle for a maximum range
最好crack
正式最小minimal
最少little 的最咼级least
最新式up to data (down to date)
最早prime
最早primary
最理想生态系统the prime of an ecosystem
最近current
最近 20 年、海内外为拆除和建设而开拓了各种行之有效的爆破方法In recent two decades different effective blasting methods have been pioneered for destruction and construction at home and overseas
最近几十年、由于二氧化碳及其他温室气体大量排放、人们关切的全球变暖问题敦促诸多工业调研和实施减少气体排放的标准Global warming concerns due to large quantities of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases GHGs in recent decades are driving many industries to investigate and implement emissions reductions
最重要overriding
最重要King
最重要地质条件overriding geologic factors
月旨肪族aliphatic
有个性产品patented product
有争议explosive
有人建议、用炸药里碳总含量来作为确定爆炸时的温室气体排量的基础It is proposed that the total carbon content of the explosive should be used as the basis for GHG determinations from detonation
有人证明使用这种破碎带模型、遇到各种岩石和爆破环境时、能可靠地估算过筛直径为1mm 碎岩比例The crushed zone model has been shown to provide a realistic estimate of the proportion of fragments passing 1 mm for a wide variety of materials and blasting situations
有人说吸烟是引发心脏病祸首Smoking is believed to be the prime cause of heart disease
有价值人或物asset
有传导力conductive
作品等有伤风化risky
有促成作用contributive
有保护shielded
有光彩nacreous
有八面octahedral
有关环境environmental
有关节jointed
有利害关系be of concern to sb (or sth)
有刺激性irritant
有刺激性粉尘irritant dust
有力hard
有危险hazardous
有压缩力compressive
有压缩性compressional
有吸收性能absorbefacient
有安全意识safety-conscious
有安全意识立法人员久久期盼不用炸药的采矿环境Safety conscious legislators have long held a vision of an explosives-free mining environment
有安全意识采矿操作人员safety conscious mine operator
有带banded
有引发作用contributive
有弹力rubbery
有弹力resilient
有强大推进力thrusting
有心cored
有意义relevant
有感个人能力不堪胜任feel one's ability inadequate to this case
有成本效益cost-effective
有效力available
有无上权力或权威absolute
有木架frame
有杜仲胶防水层安全导火线white-countered gutta percha
有条不紊balanced
有构架frame
有毒气体含量测定将炸药置于特制的钢弹内爆炸,测定爆炸后气体产物中一氧化碳和氮氧化物等的含量,以每千克炸药爆炸生成的一氧化碳和氮氧化物等的体积量表示。或按各种有毒气体对一氧化碳的毒性系数换算成标准的一氧化碳体积来表示总的有毒气体含量determination физ. of the amount of toxic gases
有活力vital
有活性activated
有潜在危险dynamite product types
有理化rationalized
有理解力comprehensive
有生气active
有用东西asset
有立体感stereo
有系统scientific
有结合力cohesive
有能力efficient
有色、着色的colored
有节jointed
有节奏跳动pulse
有节理大块岩层jointed and massive formation
有裂缝和裂隙岩石。爆口cracked and fractured rock
有记录documented
有谁来约我们导师去吃晚饭?Who will be responsible for dating our tutor for the dinner?
有赖于应力stress-dependent
有辐射radioactive
有进取心thrusting
有适应能力adaptive
有选择破坏differential crushing
有道理justifiable
有遮盖shielded
有重大关系relevant
有重大意义或影响landmark
钟表有长短针analog
有防护protected
有限水域中爆破作用有限水域中的爆破是指爆破具有自由面的水质。此时的爆破作用称为有限水域中的爆破作用explosion in finite water
有雨wet
有韧性ductile
有颗粒grainy
有风windy
有魅力attractive
有黏着力cohesive
服从是军人天职Armymen are bound in occupation to obey
服役commissioned
标志清楚well-marked
植人embedded
植物vegetal
植物性vegetal
椎体上epicentral
气体形成在很大程度上取决于诸多因素、如现场实际爆轰条件、岩石类型、炮孔直径、有没有水以及炸药在炮孔中是否均匀等The gas composition is strongly dependent on many factors such as actual field detonation conditions, rock type,hole diameter,water presence,product homogeneity in the hole
气体在标准状态下所占体积volume per gam-mol of ideal gas at 1mol 0°C and 760mm pressure
气候变化带来巨大威胁、现在已被主流科学广泛地认知、且日益得到全社会的认可The enormous threat posed by climate change is now widely recognized by mainstream science and is increasingly gaining public acceptance
气候学家预测、包括冰层大规模融化在内可怕后果、改变了区域性气候类型、正在引发更为强劲的热浪、旱涝、热带疾病的蔓延以及海平面的最终上升Climate scientists predict dire consequences including extensive melting of ice sheets, changed regional weather patterns causing more intense heat waves, droughts and floods, the spread of tropical diseases and eventual rises in sea level
气泡敏化gassed
气泡敏化乳化炸药gassed emulsion explosive
气泡敏化散装乳化炸药gassed bulk emulsion explosives
气泡敏化后装有防爆剂乳化炸药gassed doped emulsion explosive
洋溢flush
洗涤用washing
清晰precise
清洗用washing
渐进evolutionary
渗流水在流动方向上对于单位岩土体作用力seepage force
爆区防护securing the blast area
爆发性explosive
爆后毒气afterdamp
爆炸产物issue of a blast
爆炸选择标准explosive selection criteria
爆炸引起blast-induced
爆炸引起爆轰波传播detonation wave propagation induced by explosion
爆炸引起爆轰波传播explosively induced detonation wave propagation
爆炸性环境最低点燃温度在规定的试验条件下,可燃性气体或可燃性液体的蒸气的最低点燃温度,或者,粉尘云的最低点燃温度minimum ignition temperature of an explosive atmosphere
爆炸振动波谱输出spectral output of blast vibration
爆炸波能相干反射coherent reflection of blasting wave energy
爆炸流体力学区计算机编码程序计算机编码分类的一种,用来建立固体和液体变形和流动的模型。该术语也表示计算机编码利用颗粒间的基本联系来跟踪物体或流体在引爆初期其应力和化学反应的变化情况hydrocode
爆炸炮孔之间动态互相作用dynamic interaction between blasted holes
爆炸点至地震仪距离shot point distance
爆炸胀形类型爆炸胀形有多种不同的类型,但应用最广泛的还是有模爆炸胀形。有模爆炸胀形按模腔与毛料间空气的排岀方法,又可分为自然排气爆炸胀形和抽真空爆炸胀形。对于自然排气爆炸胀形还可分为自由界面成形、水帽成形和反射板成形等不同的爆炸胀形工艺类型types of explosive expanding
爆生气体可经过裂缝传播到水平自由面、并产生漏斗效应及随之而来飞石。飞石表现的这种机理与冲击波的气体释放脉冲密切有关blast gases can propagate through cracks to the horizontal free surface and cause cratering and associated flyrock. This mechanism of flyrock manifestation is closely related to the gas release pulse GRP for airblast
爆破实施after-implementation
爆破内部作用对于一定的装药量来说,若最小抵抗线超过某一临界值〈称为临界抵抗线〉时,可以认为药包处在无限介质中。此时当药包爆炸后,在自由面上不会看到爆破迹象。也就是说,爆破作用只发生在岩石内部,未能达到自由面blasting action from charge in infinite rock
爆破外部作用在最小抵抗线的方向上,岩石与另一种介质〈空气或水〉相接触,当最小抵抗线小于临界抵抗线时,炸药爆炸后除发生内部作用外,自由面附近也发生破坏。这种引起自由面附近岩石破坏的作用称为爆破的外部作用blasting action in rock near the free face
爆破有害效应爆破时对爆区附近保护对象可能产生的有害影响。如爆破引起的地震、个别飞散物、空气冲击波、噪声、水中冲击波、动水压力、涌浪、粉尘、有毒气体等adverse effects of blasting
爆破有效面积working of explosion
爆破潜力potential of blasting
爆破炮孔密集系数爆破孔间距与爆破最小抵抗线之比,决定着爆破碎岩效果。该系数的最佳值取决于钻孔布置形式〈矩形或交错〉、地质状况和定时方法spacing burden ratio at blasting
爆破不只是爆破工作者事,也是全社会的事Blasting is not a mere concern of blasters but of the whole society
爆破专家必须以精湛技术从事爆破作业Biasing experts have to place their operations within the bounds of fine techniques
爆破中空孔效应空孔的作用,在于爆炸应力波在空孔壁产生人射与反射作用,造成应力集中,根据实验,炮孔连线上的应力比其他方向上的应力提高 2 倍。保证裂纹沿炮孔连线方向发展。从而抑制邻近区域其他方向产生裂纹pore action in blasting
爆破中岩石运动预测predicting rock movement during blasting
爆破中所用炮泥类型和分量以及对阶梯地形的处理、会大大地影响抛向空中的物质的多寡、因此也大大地影响一次爆破中可能喷出的飞尘比例The type and adequacy of the stemming material used and the management of progressive relief during detonation have a strong influence on the amount of material thrown into the air and hence the proportion of dust likely to be emit ted from a blast
爆破产生气体会沿着炮孔将孔口周边的堵塞物和/或碎块抛出Blast gases can vent up along the blasthole to launch stemming material and/ or fragments from the collar region
爆破人员务必要估计出飞石自爆炸点可能行走最大距离A blaster must make an estimate of the maximum possible distance flyrock could travel from a shot
爆破人员在采矿及建筑拆除爆破过程中所面临一个最大难题、是准确算岀爆破安全区的范围One of the greatest challenges, which a blaster faces in mining and contruction blasting, is to accurately determine the bounds of the blast safety area
爆破人员应该始终遵循炸药厂家所推荐起爆程序、以确保所用炸药的最大爆速Blasters should always ensure a maximum velocity of the explosives to be used by following the priming procedures recommended by the explosives manufacturers
爆破作业引起剧烈地面振动excessive ground vibration induced by blasting operations
爆破单位岩石体积炸药消耗量explosive ratio
爆破压力导致保护区受损final wall failure due to blasting stresses
爆破后岩面broken ground
爆破后残孔dead-hole
爆破后生成气体blast gas
爆破喷泄气体渗人与炮孔轴线垂直的裂缝面、将岩石破碎后抛向空中G-venting from the blast penetrates the fracture planes perpendicular to the hole axis and breaks the rocks up and propels them up to the air
爆破噪声预防防止或减少爆破噪声的方法和措施。爆破噪声的基本原理是由爆破空气冲击波衰减而成的。因此,关于控制爆破空气冲击波的措施,也可作为控制爆破噪声的措施preventive measures of blasting noise
爆破噪声与大气条件关系大气条件对在一定距离内爆破产生的噪声强度有重大影响。大气条件还决定了在不同高度和方向上空气中的声速,而声速本身又主要取决于温度和风速,因此,从大气中风速和温度的变化也能了解大气条件对爆破噪声的影响relationship between blasting noise and weather
爆破噪声与药量关系据实验数据用统计方法得出的某采石场二次破碎时爆破噪声与装药量的经验公式如下:p = 6 * 10⁻³Q⁰.⁵²。式中, p 为测点声压,Pa;Q为一次爆破的总装药量,kgrelationship between blasting noise and charge quantity
爆破地震和天然地震比较爆破地震和天然地震有相似之处是二者都是急剧释放能量,并以波动的形式向外传播,从而引起介质的质点振动,产生地震效应。不同之处: 1. 爆破地震振动幅值虽大,但衰减快,破坏范围不大。 2. 爆破地震地面加速度频率较高。 3. 爆破地震持续时间很短,而天然地震则相反comparison between blasting vibration and seismic vibration
爆破宽度和未开采面高度的关系relationship of blast width to highwall height
爆破宽度和高度关系relationship of blast width to blast height
爆破对粉碎和研磨影响blasting for crushing and grinding
爆破振动安全距离也称爆破振动安全允许距离,即从安全角度考虑的允许距离。参贝 shock wave safety distancesafety distance of blasting vibration
爆破振动破坏潜力damage potential of blasting vibrations
爆破振动预测与预防prediction and control of blasting vibrations
爆破振动对介质破坏blasting vibration damage to the medium
爆破效果在很大程度上取决于炸药类型和数量以及炮泥的类型和数量The blasting effect depends to a great extent on the type and amount of both explosives and stemming
爆破效果差原因sources of poor blasting results
爆破效果差原因总结summary of sources of poor blasting performance
爆破数值模拟步骤和一般计算机模拟一样,模拟爆破亦按四步进行: 1. 定义问题。 2. 建立力学模型。 3. 编制计算程序。 4. 检验procedure of computer blasting simulation
爆破施工质量评估assessment of the quality of a blast operation
爆破既产生了新裂缝、又延展了固有的裂隙和节理、这样可松动并取出岩体结构中的“原位”岩块Blasting involves both the creation of new fractures and the extension of existing cracks and joints to loosen and liberate "in-situ" blocks within the rock mass structure
爆破时危险区域hazardous area
爆破时延时爆破次数和类型表明爆轰过程本身持续时间的长短The number and type of delays in the blast tell us how long the detonation process itself will last
爆破时正常"轰隆”声normal "rumbling" sound of a blast
爆破是露天采矿作业采掘矿物和矿石一种主要手段Blasting is a primary means of extracting minerals and ores at surface mining operations
爆破模型不确定因素uncertainty of blasting models
爆破源次应力波secondary shear waves from source boreholes
爆破漏斗导致保护区受损final wall failure due to cratering
爆破现场气体和烟尘gases and fume generation at the blast site
爆破现场炸药安全blast site explosives security
爆破现场和爆区周围安全safety at the blast site and beyond the blast area
爆破现场影响钻孔施工因素factors affecting drill operation on the blast site
爆破规程解释blasting rule interpretation
爆破设计一个重要的基本原理是炸药分布。这一原理一般是通过炮孔布置来实现的An important fundamental principle of blast design is explosive distribution. This is normally achieved by hole placement
爆破诱发振动信号blast-induced vibration signal
爆破造成裂缝blasting-induced fractures
爆轰波两面结构double-front structure of detonation waves
爆轰过程是爆炸具体形态、表现为放热反应、放热反应开始后、由冲击波向外传播A detonation is a specific type of explosion consisting of an exothermic reaction which is set off and propagated by a shock wave
爆速和爆震正面压力基本上是由在爆震正面立即产生反应炸药的初始部分释放的能量决定的The detonation velocity and detonation front pressure are essentially determined by the amount of energy released by the initial fraction of the ingredients that react immediately at the detonation front
爆速高、临界直径小是炸药组分紧密混合自然结果A high detonation rate and a small critical diameter are the natural results of this intimate mixture
global
球状、球面的sphere
ethical
砂浆抗压强度强度等级砌筑砂浆的强度等级是以边长为70. 7mm 立方体试件,在标准养护条件下,用标准试验方法测得28天龄期的抗压强度值〈MPa〉来确定strength grade of mortar
砌体强度等级各种砌体的强度均与砌体材料和砂浆强度有关。块材的强度等级符号均以 〈MU〉表示,单位为 MPastrength grade of masonry envelope
砌体爆破破坏特征当砂浆的强度接近或高于砌体材料的强度时,如砖砌体,其破坏主要取决于砌体材料的强度,爆破时的破坏特征与素混凝土及岩石中爆破破坏特征相似。当砂浆的强度远远小于砌体材料的强度时,如石材砌体,由于石材的强度较高,爆破时首先沿着石材的砌缝处破坏形成裂缝,然后爆轰气体从裂缝冲出释放掉,应注意对飞石的防护blast breaking characteristic of masonry structure
研究表明、与同样装药重量裸露爆破相比、这样的爆破可使压力波释放威力降低90%以上Studies have shown that such blasts have a greater than 90% diminution in the strength of the pressure wave released, compared with unconfined blasts of the same charge weight
研究项目精心协调the careful coordination of research
笔直upright
缓和…的冲cushion
老化ageing
老练expert
考虑爆破作用指数药量计算在实践中发现,当装药深度不变时,如果改变装药量的大小,则破碎半径以及破碎顶角的数值也要发生变化。因此把装药量看成爆破作用指数的函数。 Q =f(n)・q • W³。式中,n为爆破作用指数crater index formula of charge calculation
考虑破碎块度经验公式对于混凝土试块无夹制爆破,均以径向爆生裂隙的形式破坏。此时,裂隙条数 N 与单耗 q 的关系为:N =Kₙ q²/³ 式中:TV 为裂隙条数, Kₙ 为与炸药性能及材料的临界断裂速度有关的系数, q为单位炸药消耗量crack formula
考虑装药深度计算ГИ・波克罗夫斯基〈Покpовcкий〉认为,当增加装药深度时,不仅被破碎介质体积增加,而且消耗于抬高每立方米介质体积的能量也一定增加。据此提岀下列公式:对于土质,当 W>, 20m 时,Q =(0.4 + 0.6n³)・q・W³ √ W/20 对于矿岩,当W>, 15m 时,Q = (0.4+0.6n³)・q・W³ √W/15length formula of charge calculation
考试准备不充分inadequate preparation far examinations
而且、非理想爆轰包括反应不完全、不平衡以及反应区内、外复杂反应流和膨胀。假设中的理想爆轰则完全没有这些因素Furthermore, nonideal detonation involves incomplete reactions, non-equilibrium and complex reactive flow and expansion within and beyond the reaction zone. All these conditions are entirely excluded from ideal code calculations
耐火fir-resistant
耕种agricultural
耗时多time-consuming
调幅amplitude modulated
调整或对准…的角angle
调整过adjusted
调查结果表明、飞石事故是由以下一个以上因素促成的: 地质及岩石结构的非连续性、炮孔布置和装药量不适当、抵抗线不足、炸药能量高度集中、填塞不足Investigations of flyrock accidents have revealed one or more of the following contributing factors: I discontinuity in the geology and rock structure,II improper blast hole layout and loading, III insufficient burden, IV very high explosive concentration, and V inadequate stemming
调节…的音key
踌躇tentative
适合于全家family
适宜well
适度modest
适时real-time
逃亡fugitive
逃走runaway
逃走runaway
逆反adverse
逆向inverse
逆流而上upstream
逆风upwind
透射transmitted
逐渐消失evanescent
锌置换了稀酸中displacement of the hydrogen in dilute acids by zine
acute
错乱unbalanced
错位岩石体积volume of displaced rock
需要拉底分段崩落sublevel undercut caving
需要考量是爆破可能产生的温室气体、包括二氧化碳、甲烷、可能还有一氧化二氮The likely GHGs from detonation that require consideration are CO₂, CH₄ and possibly N₂O
震动vibratory
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