| Chinese | English |
| 联合国教科文组织人与生物圈研究计划 | Man and Biosphere Program |
| 人类生物学 | human biology The study of human life and character (对人类生活和特征的研究。) |
| 作物生态学 | crop ecology |
| 保护与野生动植物 | Conservation and Wildlife |
| 健康相关生物技术 | health-related biotechnology Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. (研究大分子蛋白质药品、基因工程等健康相关的生化技术。) |
| 农业生物技术 | agricultural biotechnology |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agricultural biological diversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agro-biodiversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agrobiodiversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agricultural biodiversity |
| 农作物生产 | crop production The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption (为家畜或人类需求而从事生产农产品的行为或过程。) |
| 分子生物学 | molecular biology The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (在分子水平上研究化学结构和生物现象过程；此学科特别关注的是蛋白质、核酸、酶、生命过程必不可少的大分子的研究。它的目的是了解对遗传过程的分子基础。使用的技术包括X -射线衍射和电子显微镜。) |
| 动物生物学 | animal biology The scientific study of the natural processes of animals (研究动物的自然过程的科学) |
| 动物生产 | animal production No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 动物生命 | animal life No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 动物生存地 | animal habitat The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found (动物自然生长和生存的地方。 此处是动物所遍及的地理区域，或者指某种动物被发现的特别位置。) |
| 动物生态学 | animal ecology A study of the relationships of animals to their environment (对动物及其与周围环境的关系的研究。) |
| 动物生殖 | animal reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself (动物死亡后所留下的任何物质或成分，包括躯体，及后来的降解物质。) |
| 动物生理学 | animal physiology Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms (对于动物组织的正常处理和代谢的研究。) |
| 化学、生物和环境的 | chemical, biological and environmental |
| 原核生物 | procaryote Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms (生物(即原核生物)，其遗传物质(DNA的细丝)不是核膜封闭式的，不具备线粒体或质体。细菌和蓝藻是唯一的原核微生物。) |
| 原生动物 | protozoan A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic (真核微生物，结构简单的单核原生体。) |
| 古生物学 | palaeontology The study of life in past geologic time, based on fossil plants and animals and including phylogeny, their relationship to existing plants, animals, and environments, and the chronology of the Earth's history (地质时期动植物的化石，它们之间的关系对现有的植物、动物和环境、地球历史有参考价值。) |
| 可生物降解的污染物 | biodegradable pollutant A pollutant which can be converted by biological processes into simple inorganic molecules (一个可以由生物过程转化为简单的无机分子的污染物。) |
| 国家生物储备 | state biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance (为了保护生物特征的目的，土地或/和水被划定处于受保护的地位的某个区域，储备主要是被管理以保持其特性，且为研究自然遗址管理，植被和动物种群潜在的问题方面提供机会。条例规定，通常控制公共接入和干扰。) |
| 国际环境生物地球化学专题讨论会 | International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry |
| 土壤生物学 | soil biology The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility (生物体的研究，该生物体主要是指生活在土壤内的微生物和无脊椎动物，主要研究土壤分解，对土壤肥沃程度起至关重要的作用。) |
| 基因改造生物 | genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered (一种基本基因被外部过程修改过的生物。) |
| 季节性生物节律 | seasonal biological rhythm |
| 年死被物生产［量］ | annual litter production |
| 底栖生物 | benthos Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (那些生活在海床中或附近，河床或湖底的生物。) |
| 异生物质 | xenobiotic substance A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound (通常不会在特定环境中发现的一种物质，通常是指完全人为的和有毒的化学物质，如氯化芳香族化合物或有机汞化合物。) |
| 微生物 | micro-organism A microscopic organism, including bacteria, protozoans, yeast, viruses, and algae (一种微小生物体，包括细菌、原生动物、酵母、病毒和藻类。) |
| 微生物分析 | microbiological analysis Analysis for the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites (分析鉴定病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫。) |
| 微生物学 | microbiology The science and study of microorganisms, including protozoans, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae (微生物的科学和研究，包括原生动物、藻类、细菌、菌类、病毒和立克次体。) |
| 微生物、细菌；胚原基 | germ 1. A pathogenic micro-organism. 2. Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium (1. 一种能引发疾病的微生物 2. 能够进化成一个器官，一部分或整个有机体的活性物质；一种原基) |
| 微生物资源 | microbial resource Any available source of supply derived from microbes, which would be used for beneficial purposes, such as for the production of food substances and drugs (任何可用的来自微生物的供应源，它将被用于有益的目的，比如食品和药物的生产。) |
| 有益生物 | beneficial organism Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest (任何有自然功能或者作为综合虫害管理方案的一部分来控制另外一种害虫的授粉昆虫，或任何害虫捕食者，寄生虫，病原体或其他生物控制剂。) |
| 森林生物储备 | forest biological reserve Forest areas which are protected and guarded from deforestation because of the fragility of its ecosystems, and because they provide habitats for hundreds of species of plants and animals (保护和守卫使其避免被毁林的森林区域。原因是因为其生态系统的脆弱性，以及因为它为数百种动植物提供栖息地。) |
| 植物生物学 | plant biology The scientific study of the natural processes of plants (植物自然过程的科学研究。) |
| 植物生产 | plant production No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 植物生命 | plant life No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 植物生态学 | plant ecology Study of the relationships between plants and their environment (研究植物及其环境的关系。) |
| 植物生态学者 | plant ecologist |
| 植物生理学 | plant physiology The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants (,植物不同器官的功能和化学反应。) |
| 次级生物群落 | secondary biotope In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one (在已存在的群落分裂的情况下，次级群落是失去原来群落的补充和替代方法。) |
| 欧共体关于生物性农药的指示 | EC directive on biocides Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market (指示规范生物农药产品在市场上的配售。) |
| 水生物 | aquatic animal Animal having a water habitat (在水中生存的生物。) |
| 水生生物学 | hydrobiology Study of organisms living in water (水生生物体的相关研究。) |
| 水生哺乳动物 | aquatic mammal |
| 水生微生物 | aquatic micro-organism Microorganisms having a water habitat (在水中生存的微生物。) |
| 水生植物 | aquatic plant Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life (部分或全部在水中适应的植物。) |
| 水生附着生物 | periphyton A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum (一种植物或动物附着于茎叶和根植物的表面。) |
| 水的污水生物分级 | saprobic water classification |
| 水污染生物指数 | biologic al index of water pollution |
| 污染的生物效应 | biological effect of pollution Effects of pollution on living systems (污染对生物系统的的影响。) |
| 污水生物 | saprobe Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution (按照生物忍受污染的方法分类。) |
| 河口生物学 | estuarine biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater (对在半封闭海岸水体的科学研究或生命特征过程研究。该水体可以自由连通到海洋，此处的海水被淡水显著稀释。) |
| 浮游生物 | plankton Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water (小型生物(动物、植物或微生物被动地漂浮在水上)。) |
| 海洋生物 | marine organism Organisms which live in sea water (在海水中生活的生物体。) |
| 海洋生物学 | marine biology A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea (一个生物学的分支，论述栖息在海中的生物。) |
| 海洋生物资源 | living marine resource |
| 淡水生物 | freshwater organism Organisms which live in freshwater (淡水中的生物。) |
| 淡水生物学 | freshwater biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river (对生活在含有较少含量溶解盐和矿物质的湖泊或河流中的生物进行的科学研究。) |
| 潮汐海洋生物 | tidal marine life |
| 生化物质 | biochemical substance Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants (在动物，微生物，和植物中出现的化学物质。) |
| 生态博物馆 | ecomuseum A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting (可以在户外自然环境中参观植物和动物的私人的、非营利性的场所。) |
| 生物伦理学 | bioethics The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination (在那些器官移植、基因工程或者人工受精等领域中，生物学研究及其应用引起的伦理问题的研究。) |
| 有毒化学物质的 生物体内积累 | bioaccumulation 1. The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2. Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land (1. 通过直接吸收或者通过食物链，生物体内污染物的积累。 2. 不是生物体的基本组成或者营养物质的那样一些物质在生物体的积累。通常它指金属元素的积累，但是它适用于如有机氯化合物这样的持续合成物质的生物积累。许多生物，如植物，真菌和细菌，在含有金属元素的溶液中生长，就会积累金属元素。这一过程可用作为有效净化过程，从废水和污染土地中去除有毒重金属。) |
| 生物体的意外释放 | accidental release of organisms Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment (由于失误而释放到环境中的基因工程生物体；一旦释放，可能会呈现一些未知的病原体，取代一些自然存在的微生物(也许由于具有其他积极作用而消失)，或者将一些特性强加给本源微生物。同时需要关注，失控的基因突变可能会给环境造成灾难性的后果。) |
| 生物保护区 | biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance (为保存某些生物特征而故意保护某一块地域或者水域的状态。保存主要是为了保障这些特征并且提供机会以便深入研究在自然遗址、植被和动物种群管理上的问题。通常要制定条例来控制公共进入和干扰。) |
| 生物分析 | biological analysis The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms (为了确定对生物的影响，对物质进行的分析。) |
| 生物功能多样性 | functional biodiversity |
| 生物动力农业 | biodynamic agriculture |
| 生物化学 | biochemistry The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances (对于在活的有机体中出现的化学物质、以及确定这些物质的反应和方法的研究。) |
| 生物反应器 | bioreactor A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines (一个供生物体生长的容器，如大型发酵室，用于工业生产制药，抗体或疫苗等。) |
| 生物发光 | bioluminescence The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns (通过生物生产各种颜色的光(例如，一些细菌和真菌，夜光虫和许多海洋动物)。发光是由生化反应产生的，由酶催化。在一些动物中，光线被用作动物交配的信号;在另外一些动物中，光是一种保护设施。深海中的发光组织可以作为灯笼。) |
| 生物发展 | biological development The action of growing of living organisms (生物生长的活动。) |
| 生物合成 | biosynthesis Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism (在活的有机体中，通过合成或降解生产化学化合物的。) |
| 生物周期 | biological cycle A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms (从初始状态开始到达周期结束又达到初始条件的过程中的一系列生物事件的转换，正如许多动物和植物的生命周期。) |
| 生物因素 | biotic factor The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor (由于存在和其他生物有机体的活动对生物环境的影响。不同于物理、非生物、环境因素。) |
| 生物固氮 | biological nitrogen fixation |
| 生物圈 | biosphere That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms (地球和大气能够支持生物体的部分。) |
| 生物圈保护区 | biosphere reserve Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques (在人与生物圈计划(MAB)和对濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)中一致通过的，受保护的土地或沿海地区。每个保护区有一个因它作为保护单位的多样性和实用性受到认可的生态系统，。这些保护区至少有一个核心领域，不能受到自然生态系统的任何干扰。围绕围绕这个的过渡地带，过渡地带允许科学研究。除此之外，是一个保护整个保护区免受农业、工业和城市发展影响的的缓冲地带。生物圈保护区和缓冲区被视为一种新一代保护技术的例子。) |
| 生物地球化学 | biogeochemistry |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 生物地理区域 | biogeographical region Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains (根据所包含的动植物物种来定义的地球表面区域。) |
| 生物地理学研究动植物的地理分布, 与动物和植物的地理分布有关的科学。 | biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life |
| 生物处理 | biological treatment Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (使用微生物将有机物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物，或者简单的有机物，如醛和酸。一个生物处理系统的目的是控制的微生物的环境，来增强它们的生长和活动，并为维护与废弃物接触高浓度的微生物方法。提供一个方法来维持那些与废弃物接触的微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物多样性 | biodiversity 1. Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area - grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2. An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity (遗传多样性：一个物种的个体间以及群体间的变异；物种多样性：在一个区域内的植物，动物和其他生命形式的不同类型；群体或生态系统多样性：在一个地区内的栖息地的多样性(例如草地，沼泽和林地) 集中描述自然的多样性和变异性的总称。它包括生命系统的组织的三个基本层次：基因、物种和生态系统层。植物和动物物种是生物多样性最普遍认可的单位，因此，公众关注的主要是致力于保护物种多样性。) |
| 生物学 | biology A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms (涉及生命和活的有机体的研究，是自然科学的一个分支。) |
| 生物学特性 | bionomics |
| 生物安全 | biosafety The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment (生物安全是一种知识、技术和设备的结合，为了减少或避免损害实验室工作人员、其他人员和环境，用来在实验室环境中管理或者容纳潜在的传染性物质或生物危害。) |
| 生物富集系数 | bioconcentration factor The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period (在特定时间或在离散的时间段，在水生生物中化学物质的浓度商数；在同时或者在同一个时间段，被周边水剂浓度，除得到的商。) |
| 生物属性 | biological attribute Properties or features belonging to living organisms (属于生物体的属性或特征。) |
| 生物工程 | biological engineering The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. (工程原理和技术在生物体的应用。它在很大程度上涉及如更换假肢、心脏瓣膜等身体部位的取代设计。) |
| 生物废气处理 | biological waste gas purification Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms (从使用微生物得到的废气中去除杂质的过程。) |
| 生物废水处理 | biological wastewater treatment Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion (废水处理的类型，通过生化或细菌作用，使目前的不稳定有机质被氧化和变得稳定。这种类型的例子，是使用间歇性砂过滤器，滴滤池，活性污泥法处理及污泥消化。) |
| 生物废物处理 | biological waste treatment A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (一个适用于使用微生物分解有机物的过程的通用术语。微生物把有机废弃物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物质，如醛和酸。对生物废料处理的目的是控制微生物的环境使得它们的生长和活动得到增强，并且提供一个方法来维护与废弃物接触得微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物技术 | biotechnology A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So "bio" stands for biology and the science of life, and "tech" stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering (生物学与技术的结合。它是用来描述在商业和科学用途的生物有机体的应用发展。因此，"bio"代表生物学和生命科学，"tech"代表在生物技术家们拥有的技术或工具和技术，这些工具和技术包含微生物和一系列用于操作它们的方法，如基因工程。) |
| 英国生物技术及生物学委员会 | Biotechnology and Biological Council (of the United Kingdom) |
| 生物技术的社会经济影响 | socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness (生物技术是应用生物学和技术的办法以解决问题，往往指的是用微生物工业(也许是转基因)进行的废弃物或水的化学处理，或制造荷尔蒙或酵素医药作为商业用途。生物技术提供了巨大的潜力，增加农业生产和粮食加工效率，降低粮食成本，提高食品质量和安全，并提高国际竞争力。) |
| 生物技术风险 | biotechnological hazard A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi (一个对人类、动物或环境造成的危险，它是由先进的生物技术在工业产品的生产应用所带来的，例如从接触到感染细菌，病毒或真菌造成的风险或者伤害。) |
| 生物指数 | biotic index Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is) (是通过指示目前的生物种类来显示环境质量的一种量度。) |
| 生物效应 | biological effect Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants (生物效应包括过敏反应，呼吸失调，过敏性疾病，传染性疾病，可以由各种原因造成的污染和污染物。) |
| 生物有效性 | bio-availability The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration (药物或其他物质在实施后被特定组织或者有机体吸收的程度。) |
| 生物杀灭剂 | biocide A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products (一组多样的有毒物质，包括防腐剂，杀虫剂，消毒剂和用于生物控制的杀虫剂，有害于人类或动物健康，或者造成自然或人造产品的损害。) |
| 生物标志物 | biological indicator A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change (用于指示环境质量或变化的一个物种或生物，) |
| 生物标记 | biomarker A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition (一个正常的代谢物，当在某些体液中的浓度异常时，可以显示出某种疾病或毒性状况的存在。) |
| 生物武器 | biological weapon Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons (生物体(或从中得到的感染性物质)，它们造成疾病或动物、植物或人死亡，并依靠他们对在受被攻击的人、动物或植物中自身复制能力的影响。各种生物体(例如，立克次氏体，病毒和真菌)，和细菌一样，可以作为武器。) |
| 生物气候学 | bioclimatology The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora (有关动物和植物的气候的研究。) |
| 生物水平衡 | biological water balance The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance (在一个系统中水的出入量，这是假设在长期情况下，出入量相等，从而使得水的预算平衡。) |
| 生物污染 | biological pollution Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment (意外地或故意把外来生物引进到环境中，对生态平衡造成的紊乱。) |
| 生物污染 | biological contamination The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects (环境中那些可导致许多健康问题的现象，这些现象由生物体或由病毒、细菌、真菌、哺乳动物和鸟类抗原因素引起。) |
| 生物污染物 | biological pollutant Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects (可存在于环境中，导致许多健康影响的那些病毒，细菌，真菌和哺乳动物和鸟类抗原。) |
| 生物活性 | biological activity |
| 生物活性测试 | biological test The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms (物质对特定的活生物体影响的实验室测定。) |
| 生物燃料 | biofuel A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol (一种从生物源得到的含有能量的气体、液体或者固体燃料。组成有机体的有机物，为被困能源提供了潜在的来源，开始在全世界被用来满足不断增加的能源需求。生物燃料的一个例子是菜籽油，它可以用来替代改良发动机的柴油。这种油酸甲酯，油菜籽甲基酯(RME)，可以在未修改的柴油发动机中被使用，它有时候被当做生物柴油。其他一些生物燃料有沼气和乙醇汽油。) |
| 生物物理学 | biophysics The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes (一种混合科学，涉及到物理原理和方法的应用以研究和解释生物结构和生命过程的力学。) |
| 生物生产 | biological production 1. The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems. 2. The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time (1. 在一个特定的生态系统发生在一个特定时期的生产的数量和速率。它可以适用于一个单一的有机体，一个物群，或整个社区和生态系统。 2. 在一段特定时期累计的有机物质的数量，或者它在干物重、碳或者能量含量方面的等价物的数量。) |
| 生物的控制 | biological control |
| 生物监测 | biological monitoring The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change (基于个体或物种的数量和分布的前后变化的测评，对生物的栖息地状况的变化直接测量。) |
| 生物群落 | biocoenosis A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment (一个群落或生物体的自然组合；经常被用作生态系统的替代，但是尤其是指不包括环境的物理因素的动物/植物团体。) |
| 生物节律 | biorhythm A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour (一种在有生物体或器官中的生理状态的周期性循环模式，例如阿尔法节律或者昼夜节律；某些人相信它可以影响身体和心理状态以及行为。) |
| 生物蓄积性污染物 | bioaccumulative pollutant Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water (通过食物或水的消耗，在生物体中逐渐积累的污染物。) |
| 生物虫害控制 | biological pest control Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest (任何适用于或者被引进到环境中作为害虫的杀虫剂的生物体。) |
| 生物质能iciba生物量能量台, 可再生能源，利用生物燃料，例如从污水、农业、工业、或家庭产生的有机废弃物中得到甲烷(沼气)。其他生物燃料包括在"能源森林"中生长的树或其他的植物，例如甘蔗，增长为他们的能源潜力。生物质能依靠燃烧，因此生产二氧化碳;因此，它的利用不能缓和温室效应。 | biomass energy A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called "energy forests" or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect |
| 生物资源 | biological resource Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock (为生活、商业或娱乐(例如鱼，野味，木材或毛皮动物)获得的野生生物；农业、水产养殖、林业驯养的生物以及附近的的生态系统。) |
| 生物资源保护 | conservation of living resources |
| 生物过滤 | biofiltration The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand (污水在惰性颗粒材料(通过它允许渗透)的环境中的分布。这样做可以使污水与氧结合，从而使好氧细菌和真菌减少它们生化需氧量。) |
| 生物过程 | biological process Processes concerning living organisms (与生物体有关的过程。) |
| 生物遗产 | biological heritage The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem (对地球或者某个作为一个自然栖息地的特定区域的均衡和综合功能的继承和保护，尤其是对水资源需求的特别关注，以维持生态系统。) |
| 生物量 | biomass Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example (严格来说，生物量是指在生态系统中的所有生物的重量。然而，它已经被用来指，在一个生态系统中，可以产生的可以用于制造生物燃料和工业用其他原料的植物或者农作物的数量。) |
| 生物降解 | biodegradability The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi. Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leaving residues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems (物质被细菌和真菌分解或腐烂的程度。暗示降解的残留物的是无毒的。最有误导性的宣称之一就是从购买者经常假设生物降解产品无害。一些有害的复合需要比其他物质长得多的时间降解，而且在腐烂过程中生成的产品会破坏环境。生物降解可能也不完整，有时离开余数在环境——比原更更有害物质，有时会在环境中残留比原物质更加有害的物质。非生物降解(或不善生物降解的)物质在环境中的积累，例如一些杀菌剂，能引起严重问题。) |
| 生物降解 | biodegradation Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms (在微生物作用下分解物质。) |
| 空气生物学 | aerobiology The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects (研究空气传播的真菌、孢子、花粉粒和微生物在大气中的分布；广义上研究能发挥特殊生物效应的海藻和原生体的空气繁殖，微小昆虫(例如蚜虫)，以及污染气体和微粒。) |
| 突变微生物 | mutated micro-organisms release The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment (突变微生物释放造成的风险可能会展示一些以前未知的致病性，可能会接收一些自然出现的细菌(有可能因此失去其他积极功能)，或传递某些对固有细菌有害的性状。也有人担心，一个不受控制的基因突变可以生产出这样一个精心设计的微生物而对环境产生有害后果。) |
| 致病生物 | pathogenic organism Agents producing or capable of producing disease (产生或者能够产生疾病的元素。) |
| 跨边界的生物圈保护区简写为TBR | transboundary biosphere reserve |
| 野生物的保护 | conservation of wildlife |
| 野生物种保护 | conservation of wild species |
| 野生生物多样性 | wild biodiversity |
| 野生动植物 | wildlife Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions (独立于人类、通常在自然条件下生长的动物和植物。) |
| 野生动植物保护 | wildlife conservation A series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status (为维持或恢复自然栖息地和野生动植物物种数量在一个合理的状态所需采取的一系列措施。) |
| 野生动植物保护 | wildlife protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state (为防止或减少对动物、植物和生活在自然状态下的其它生物的伤害而采用的预防措施、程序及相关设备。) |
| 野生动植物保护区 | wildlife sanctuary 1. An area, usually in natural condition, which is reserved (set aside) by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species of animals during part or all of the year. 2. An area designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing is either prohibited or strictly controlled (1. 政府或私人机构为保护特定物种的动植物在部分或全年期间所保留(预留)的处于自然条件下的地区。2.指定为保护野生动植物的地区，在其范围内狩猎和捕鱼是禁止或严格控制的。) |
| 野生动植物栖息地 | wildlife habitat Suitable upland or wetland areas promoting survival of wildlife (促进野生动植物生存的适合的旱地或湿地。) |
| 野生动植物种群统计 | wildlife population statistics The numerical facts or data collected through various methodologies, such as sighting surveys, which represent or estimate the size of any wildlife species for purposes such as analyzing population trends (通过各种方法(如目视调查)收集的数据，以代表或估算任何野生动植物物种的大小，以达到如种群趋势分析之类的目的。) |
| 野生动物 | wild animal Not domesticated animals living independently of man (独立于人类生存的非家养的动物。) |
| 野生动物 | wild fauna Not domesticated animals living independently of man (独立于人类生存的非家养的动物。) |
| 野生动物区系 | wild fauna |
| 野生动物志 | wild fauna |
| 野生植物 | wild plant Plants growing in a natural state (not cultivated) (在自然状态下生长的植物。) |
| 陆地生物资源 | terrestrial biological resource Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities (来自植物、动物或其它野生动物的栖息地或地面的供应源，这些可能作为人的粮食、衣服和其它必需品。) |
| 非生物因素 | abiotic factor Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem (物理，化学和其他非生物环境因素。他们对于生态系统中的植物和动物至关重要，提供生长必须的基本要素和营养素。非生物因素还包括生态系统的气候和土壤的组成部分。) |
| 非生物环境 | abiotic environment The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate) (环境中无生命成分(例如岩石、矿物质、土地、水和气候)。) |
| 非生物环境条件 | abiotic environmental condition |
| 非生物降解的污染物 | non-biodegradable pollutant An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes (一种有机化合物，通常是合成的，即不分解或由微生物或其它生物过程矿化。) |
| 非目标生物 | non-target organism A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied (不在农药作用范围内的植物或动物。) |
