| Chinese | English |
| 三级处理 | tertiary treatment The process which remove pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus; accomplished by means of sand filters, microstraining, or other methods (referring to wastewater treatment) (去除污染物的过程中通过二级处理没有充分去除污染物，特别是氮、磷污染物的去除；由砂过滤器、微滤或其他方法完成(指污水处理)。) |
| 三级水处理 | advanced water treatment |
| 三级水处理 | tertiary water treatment |
| 三级的废物处理 | tertiary waste treatment |
| 世袭管理 | patrimonial management A type of leadership and management style attempting to gain the loyalty and support of subordinates by excessively providing for their needs and interests (一种领导和管理风格类型，试图通过提供需求和利益获得下属的忠诚和支持。) |
| 事故处理协调 | incident overhead |
| 事故处理组织 | incident organization |
| 二次处理 | secondary treatment Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form (废水处理过程：在通过沉淀处理的第一次处理之后，大多数废水处理系统的第二步是微生物把有机物分解成无害的、稳定的状态。) |
| 美国亚拉巴马州环境管理局 | Alabama Department of Environment Management |
| 亚洲环保理事会 | Asian Environment Council |
| 交通管理管制 | traffic control |
| 人体生理学 | human physiology A branch of biological sciences that studies the functions of organs and tissues in human beings (生物学的分支，研究人体内器官与组织的功能。) |
| 人体病理学 | human pathology Branch of medicine concerned with the cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease (医学的分支，研究疾病的病因、病源和性质，包括疾病导致的变化。) |
| 人口地理分布 | geographical distribution of population The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country (在指定区域，如同一地区，城市，或国家里的居民数。) |
| 人文环境相互作用理论 | environment interaction theory of personality |
| 人类居住管理 | human settlement management |
| 从沉淀室排出的在养殖单元底部积累的固体物质和水的混合物。污水处理中：在大部分液体从污水中被除去后保留下来的泥泞、半固体沉淀物. | sludge |
| 伦理 | ethics The philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it (对人类表现的道德价值，及约束其准则及规范的哲学研究。) |
| 信息情报处理 | information processing |
| 信息处理 | information processing A systematic series of actions performed by a person or computer on data elements including classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, transmitting, retrieving and receiving (个人或电脑针对资料所执行的系统化地一系列行动，包括分类、排序、计算、总结、传输、恢复和接收。) |
| 修理行业 | repair business Any commercial activity, position or site that involves work in restoring or fixing some material thing or structure, such as by replacing parts or putting together something torn, broken or detached (任何用于修理的商业活动、位置或地点，例如替换某些部分或把一些破损的、拆开的部分装在一起。) |
| 光化学代理 | photochemical agent Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions (代理，引发光化学反应。) |
| 英国全国水质管理局 | National Water Authority |
| 公共环境管理局 | Bureau of Community Environmental Management |
| 农业管理 | agricultural management The administration or handling of soil, crops and livestock (土地、农作物和牲畜的管理。) |
| 农产品处理 | processed agricultural produce No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 农村管理和计划 | rural management and planning The activity or process of overseeing and preparing for the future physical arrangement and condition of any agricultural or pastoral area, which may involve protecting and developing natural and human resources that affect an area's economic vitality (为农业或牧业地区未来的生产生活条件做规划和准备的活动或过程。这个过程可能包括保护和发展某地区经济的自然资源和人力资源。) |
| 初级处理 | primary treatment Removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse, from raw sewage (粗糙的、浮动的固体和暂时的固体去除。) |
| 初级的废物处理 | primary waste treatment |
| 初级的水处理 | primary water treatment |
| 美国加利福尼亚职业安全与保健管理局 | California Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
| 动物生理学 | animal physiology Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms (对于动物组织的正常处理和代谢的研究。) |
| 勒夏特利埃氏原理 | Le Chatelier principle |
| 化学药品处理 | chemical treatment Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units (改变废物的成分的化学结构的处理过程，用来生产无害的或者较低危害的物质。化学处理过程很越来越被重视，因为它们产生最极少的空气排放，它们通常在废物产生器的地方进行，一些处理过程能够设计和制造成移动的装置。) |
| 区域环境管理会议 | Regional Environmental Management Conference |
| 单元演替顶极理论 | monoclimax theory |
| 美国卫生保健财务管理局 | Health Care Financing Administration |
| 危机管理 | crisis management The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts (处理或控制极端困难、危险或不稳定状态的技术、执行或科学；或为政治、经济环境或其他类似的危机和冲突提供解决所采取的整体性方案。) |
| 厌氧处理 | anaerobic treatment Breakdown of organic material without the presence of oxygen, a treatment which permanently removes the unpleasant odour of many organic wastes so that they can be used on agricultural land (在无氧条件下进行的有机物分解。这种方法可去彻底除许多有机废弃物的恶臭，以便将处理后的废弃物在农用土地上使用。) |
| 双重废弃物管理 | dual waste management To reduce the quantity of packaging waste, and thereby of overall MSW, Germany introduced a far-reaching legislation to reduce waste, based on the producer's responsibility principle. Industry was given the option to set up a third party organization which would carry out the collection and sorting of sales packaging for care of manufacturers and retailers. Thus, Some 600 companies created "Duales System Deutschland" in 1990 ("Dual" because it meant creating a second collection system in parallel to the existing waste collection system of the local authorities). Duales System Deutschland (DSD), now has overall responsibility for the separate collection and recycling of packaging. At present, the Dual System is the only nationwide system for the collection and sorting of sales packaging. Packaging participating in this collection system is marked with the Green Dot (基于生产者职责的理念，德国提出广泛的废弃物减排法律来降低包装废弃物的数量。 各产业可以选择建立第三者的组织来收集和整理生产商、零售商销售所用的包装。 因此，1990年，600家公司创立了"德国双重系统"(用"双重"是指除了当地政府的现存废弃物收集系统之外，同时创立第二个收集系统)。目前，德国双重系统(DSD)对包装的分类收集和回收有全面性的责任，双重系统是唯一的包装收集和回收的国家级系统。参与该收集系统的包装标有绿色标志。) |
| 合理性 | reasonableness |
| 后处理 | post-treatment Treatment of treated water or wastewater to improve the water quality (对污水进行处理以改善水质。) |
| 回收管理和废料法 | recycling management and waste law A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish and regulate provisions for the minimization of waste generation through recovery and reprocessing of re-usable products (由政府制定和规范的联合规则或规则主体，通过回收和重新处理能重新使用的产品来最小化废料产量。) |
| 固体废弃物管理局 | Bureau of Solid Waste Management |
| 固体废物管理与应急处理处 | Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response |
| 美国国家大气污染控制管理局 | National Air Pollution Control Administration |
| 国际环境法理事会 | International Council for Environmental Law |
| 图像处理 | image processing The process of converting "raw" remotely sensed data into a usable form through the application of various transformations such as supervised and unsupervised classification schemes (通过各种转换程序，将原始的遥感资料转化为有用的形式的过程，例如经过监督性与非监督性的分类方法。) |
| 图像处理数字系统 | image processing digital system A coordinated assemblage of computer devices designed to capture and manipulate pictures stored as data in discrete, quantized units or digits (一个电脑设备的整合系统，该系统被用来获得与处理图片，储存成离散化、量子化或数位化的单元或形式。) |
| 土地可持续管理 | sustainable land management |
| 土地整理 | land consolidation Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields (把小块儿土地连在一起形成较大的农场或土地。) |
| 土地清理 | land clearing Removal of trees, undergrowth, etc. in preparation for ploughing, building, etc. (清除树木、灌木丛等，为耕作或建筑等做准备。) |
| 土地管理 | upkeep of countryside |
| 土地管理 | upkeep of land |
| 土地管理和规划 | land management and planning Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land (为准备和控制有关人类土地活动的计划的实施而制定的措施。) |
| 土地管理干预领域 | land-management intervention area Any expanse of land which requires a person or agency with authority to interpose or interfere in how it is used or administrated (对土地的扩展，需要有权干预或干涉土地如何使用或管理的人或机构。) |
| 地理信息系统 | geographic information system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped (一个计算机硬件，软件，地理数据和人员的组合，以有效的捕获，存储，更新，处理，分析和显示一切形式的，从不同来源得到的地理参照信息，可以是统计数据和地图。) |
| 地理信息系统实验室 | GIS laboratory A laboratory where GIS data drawn from different sources are stored, handled, analyzed and updated (一个来自不同来源的地理信息系统数据被存储、处理、分析和更新的实验室。) |
| 地理信息系统数字形式 | GIS digital format The digital form of data collected by remote sensing (通过遥感收集的数据的数字形式。) |
| 地理信息系统数字技术 | GIS digital technique The transformation to digital form of data collected by remote sensing, traditional field and documentary methods and of existing historical data such as paper maps, charts, and publications (对由遥感，传统领域和文件的方法和现有的历史数据,如纸张地图，图表和出版物等收集的数据以数字形式转变。对由遥感技术收集的数据、传统领域和文件方式(存储)的数据以及现有的历史数据，如纸张地图，图表和出版物等，向数字形式进行转变的技术。) |
| 地理信息系统数字系统 | GIS digital system An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped (一种计算机硬件、软件、地理数据和人事部门的有组织的收集，旨在有效获取、存储、更新、操纵、分析和显示各种形式的地理参照信息，可以从不同的来源，如统计数据和绘制地图来绘画。) |
| 地理参考信息 | geo-referenced information Data delimiting a given object, either physical or conceptual, in terms of its spatial relationship to the land, usually consisting of points, lines, areas or volumes defined in terms of some coordinate system (根据土地的空间关系，包括根据一些坐标系统定义的点、线、面或体积，从物理和概念上给一个特定的对象定界的数据。) |
| 地理参考数据 | geo-referenced data |
| 地理学 | geography The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them (对地球表面的自然特征的研究，包括地形，气候，土壤，植被等，以及人类对其的反应。) |
| 地理投影 | geographical projection A representation of the globe constructed on a plane with lines representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth (在一个平面内建立起的地球构造，用线条代表经纬，用平行的线条表达地球的曲面。) |
| 地下处理 | underground disposal The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil (废料在土壤下的释放、倾倒或者排放。) |
| 地区管理局 | regional authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific geographical area, usually falling under the jurisdiction of two or more states (一个政府机构或它的权力机构，该机构管理和执行适用于特定地理区域的法律和政府政策。机构通常在两个或多个省的管辖范围内。) |
| 地区管理局 | provincial/regional authority D, The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific political subdivision or geographical area within the state (一个政府机构或行政权力机构，在特定的政治分支或地区管理和执行国家法律和政府政策。) |
| 地球物理学 | geophysics The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space (地球和地球环境的物理构造，也就是地球、大气和太空。) |
| 地球物理环境 | geophysical environment The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms (物理上的地球和其包围的环境，包括海洋、内陆水、低空和高空大气圈、太空、陆地块、陆地地形等。) |
| 地面水管理 | surface water management The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.) (自然开放时(河流、湖泊、水库、池塘、溪流、海洋等)的水的管理或处理。) |
| 城市供水管理 | municipal water management Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management (处理有关规划、加工、建造和生产等供水和水技术的城市水务管理。它还涉及污水收集、污水处置、农村地区污水处理、节水措施、水体质量管理等问题。) |
| 城市管理 | urban management The administration, organization and planning performed for cities or towns, particularly the process of converting farmland or undeveloped land into offices, businesses, housing and other forms of development (对城市或城镇执行的管理、组织和规划，特别指将农田或未开发的土地转化为办公室、企业、住房和其他开发用途的过程。) |
| 基于社区的管理 | community-based natural resource management |
| 基于社区的管理 | community-based management |
| 处理厂 | treatment plant |
| 处理残余 | treatment residue Material left over from the treatment of any type of waste (对任何类型的废物处置后的残余物质。) |
| 处理站 | treatment station |
| 多种经营管理区 | multiple use management area 1. Coordinated management for the most judicious and harmonious use of the land on a long term basis under the concept of combining two or more uses and/or purposes with attention to sustainability and nonimpairment of the natural resources and land area. 2. Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production (1. 立足长远结合两个或更多的使用和/或用途以关注天然资源和土地面积的可持续性和未损害的理念，是最明智的、和谐的土地使用协调管理。 2.土地使用多于一个目的；例如牲畜放牧、水域和野生动植物保护、休闲娱乐和木材生产。) |
| 大理石 | marble Metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized calcite or dolomite (由方解石或白云石组成的变质岩。) |
| 大气物理 | atmospheric physics The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere (研究大气中物理现象的科学。) |
| 大气管理中心 | Air Control Center |
| 天然气安全管理条例 | Gas Safety Management Regulations |
| 美国安全与环境管理计划 | Safety and Environmental Management Program |
| 安全管理工程 | safety management engineering |
| 动物的尸体处理 | carcass disposal The disposal of slaughtered animals, other dead animal bodies and animal body parts after removal of the offal products (对杀死的动物、其它动物尸体和移除了废物后的动物身体部分的处置。) |
| 山地管理 | mountain management |
| 工业废物处理 | industrial waste treatment |
| 库存管理 | stock management The handling or controlling of accumulated materials or stored goods (处理或控制积累的材料或存储的货物。) |
| 废料处理 | waste treatment Any process or combination of processes that changes the chemical, physical or biological composition or character of any waste or reduces or removes its harmful properties or characteristics for any purpose (改变任何废料的化学、物理或生物成分或性质，或减少、消除其有害性质或任何有害特性的过程或过程的组合。) |
| 废料处理业 | waste processing industry |
| 废料处理厂 | waste treatment plant Place where waste material is treated to make it reusable or so it may be disposed of safely (废料经处理、使其可重复使用或因而可以被安全处置的场所。) |
| 废料处理污水 | waste treatment effluent Partially or completely treated water or waste water flowing out of a waste treatment plant (流出废料处理厂的部分或完全处理的水或废水。) |
| 废料处理法 | waste disposal act Law that settles the rules concerning the disposal, recycling and treatment of wastes (解决有关废料的处置、回收利用和处理方面规则的法律。) |
| 废料处理费 | waste charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process (为处理生产制造过程中遗留下来的垃圾或无用的材料而征收的费用、开支和成本。) |
| 废水个别处理 | individual wastewater treatment The process of using a natural system or mechanical device to collect, treat and discharge or reclaim wastewater from an individual dwelling without the use of community-wide sewers or a centralised treatment facility (采用一个天然系统或机械装置，而不使用全社区性的下水道或集中处理设施，从个人住所收集、处理、排放或改善废水的过程。) |
| 废水处理 | waste water treatment Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes (清除废水中的废料成分，使其无害于人类健康和环境的任何过程。) |
| 废水处理 | waste water disposal Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants (通过包含管道和污水处理厂的系统对工业和城市居民产生的废水进行收集和清除。) |
| 废水处理厂 | waste water treatment plant Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas (通过物理、化学和生物过程，在住宅，商业和工业废水排入河流、湖泊和海洋之前对有机物、细菌、病毒和固体进行清除的工厂。) |
| 废水处理技术中心 | Wastewater Technology Center |
| 废水深度处理 | advanced waste treatment |
| 废水集中处理 | collective wastewater treatment |
| 废物的化学处理 | chemical treatment of waste |
| 废物管理 | waste management The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal (从废物的产生、处理、加工、存储以及从产生地到最终可接受处理的运输的总监督。) |
| 微波沉渣处理技术 | microwave sludge technology |
| 心理学 | psychology The science that deals with the functions of the mind and the behaviour of an organism in relation to its environment (研究心灵和机体行为与环境的关系的科学。) |
| 心理应激 | psychological stress Strain or disequilibrium of the mind especially in its affective or cognitive functions, or the physical or mental stimulus, agent or experience that causes such an imbalance (应变或心灵的不平衡，特别指情感或认知功能，或受到身体上或精神上的刺激，导致这种不平衡。) |
| 心理效应 | psychological effect |
| 心理效应 | mental effect |
| 批处理 | batch process A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items (不连续或者大量制造的处理过程。操作以离散数量的材料或者有限数量的物品而执行。) |
| 授权管理 | delegated management The process of assigning or transferring authority, decision making or a specific administrative function from one entity to another (一个实体将其职权、决策或特定行政功能指派或转移给另一个实体的过程。) |
| 放射性废料管理 | radioactive waste management The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical (对包含放射性核且不能用、重用和回收的物质的生产、处理、存放和运输过程的管理。) |
| 放射性废物最后处理 | terminal disposal of radwaste |
| 政治地理学 | political geography The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena (人文地理影响政治活动，政治行为涉及的空间分析和政治现象。) |
| 数字图像处理技术 | digital image processing technique Techniques employed in the calibration of image data, the correction or reduction of errors occurring during capture or transmission of the data and in various types of image enhancement-operations which increase the ability of the analyst to recognize features of interest (校正影像资料所使用的技术，例如修正或降低资料在获取或传递过程中，或者各种影像强化处理的错误，便于增加分析者识别兴趣点特征的能力。) |
| 数据处理 | data processing Any operation or combination of operations on data, including everything that happens to data from the time they are observed or collected to the time they are destroyed (任何对数据的运算或组合运算，包括从观察或收集数据，直到数据被破坏的所有操作。) |
| 数据处理法 | data processing law |
| 数据处理系统 | data processing system An assembly of computer hardware, firmware and software configured for the purpose of performing various operations on digital information elements with a minimum of human intervention (电脑硬件、固件和软件的集合，以最低的人为干预对数字信息元素进行不同的操作。) |
| 文件处理中心 | documentation centre Centre for assembling, coding, and disseminating recorded knowledge comprehensively treated as an integral procedure, utilizing various techniques for giving documentary information maximum accessibility and usability (被视为一个整合程序而广泛收集、编码和传送已作好记录的知识的中心，其利用各种技术尽可能地提供可获得的实用信息。) |
| 旅游活动管理 | touristic activity management The administration, promotion, organization and planning for the business or industry of providing information, transportation, entertainment, accommodations and other services to travelers or visitors (为旅客或游客提供信息、交通、娱乐、住宿和其它服务的管理、促进、组织和计划。) |
| 旱地管理 | dryland management |
| 景观管理 | landscape management Measures aiming at preserving landscape or controlling its transformations caused by anthropic activities or natural events (以景观保护或控制由人类活动或自然事件造成其改变为目标的措施。) |
| 最小成本加最低损失防火理论 | least cost plus loss fire protection theory |
| 最小成本加最低损失防火理论 | economic fire protection theory |
| 未经处理 净化的水 | raw water |
| 未经处理过的水 | untreated water |
| 林地清理 | woodland clearance The permanent clear-felling of an area of forest or woodland. On steep slopes this can lead to severe soil erosion, especially where heavy seasonal rains or the melting of snow at higher levels cause sudden heavy flows of water. In the humid tropics it may also lead to a release of carbon dioxide from the soil (森林或林区永久的清理砍伐。在陡峭的斜坡，这可能导致严重的水土流失，特别是大量的季节性降雨或更高水平上的积雪融化会导致水突然大量流入。在潮湿的热带地区也可能导致二氧化碳从土壤中释放。) |
| 标准石油响应管理系统 | standard oil response management system |
| 核物理 | nuclear physics The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus (原子核的特征、行为和内部结构的研究。) |
| 原子核物理学 | nuclear physics |
| 根压理论 | root pressure theory |
| 森林管理 | forest management Planning of forest utilization for wood production, conservation purposes, fauna and flora protection, recreation and water supply (对森林的木材生产，环保目的，动植物保护，娱乐休闲和水的供应的规划。) |
| 植物检疫处理 | phytosanitary treatment Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues (从水中去除重金属，由植物降解有机污染物，减轻危害行为，实现环保安全。降低危险无机污染物在土壤表层材料的水平，包括水、污泥、残留。) |
| 植物生理学 | plant physiology The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants (,植物不同器官的功能和化学反应。) |
| 植物病理学 | phytopathology The study of plant diseases and their control (植物病和对其控制的研究。) |
| 橡胶处理 | rubber processing The systematic series of actions in which a solid substance deriving from rubber trees and plants is toughened and treated chemically to give it the strength, elasticity, resistance and other qualities needed for the manufacture of products such as erasers, elastic bands, water hoses, electrical insulation and tires (一系列系统的活动，在活动中从橡胶树和植物中得到的固体物质被硬化并且被化学处理使其达到制作产品的要求，例如松紧带、橡皮、水管、电绝缘和轮胎，要求包括强度、弹性、阻力和其它特性。) |
| 橡胶处理工业 | rubber processing industry A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of natural or synthetic rubber products (一个经济部门，商业企业生产和销售天然或人造橡胶产品。) |
| 次级的废物处理 | secondary waste treatment |
| 次级的水处理 | secondary water treatment |
| 欧共体关于废弃物处理的指示 | EC directive on waste disposal EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources (欧共体的指示，其主要目标包括废弃物的预防、回收，以及将其转化成替代能源。) |
| 欧洲共同体关于生态管理和审查规划的规定 | EC regulation on eco-management and audit |
| 欧盟理事会 | EU Council The Council of the European Union is an institution which exercises legislative and decision-making powers. At the same time, it is the forum in which the representatives of the Governments of the 15 Member States can assert their interests and try to reach compromises. The Council ensures general coordination of the activities of the European Community, the main objective of which is the establishment of an internal market, i.e. an area without internal frontiers guaranteeing four freedoms of movement - for goods, persons, services and capital - to which should soon be added a single currency. In addition, the Council is responsible for intergovernmental cooperation, in common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and in the areas of justice and home affairs (JHA), including for example matters of immigration and asylum, combating terrorism and drugs and judicial cooperation (欧盟理事会是行使立法和决策的机构。同时，它是15个成员国政府代表的讨论会，可以保证本国利益以及试图达成和解。理事会保证了欧洲共同体之间活动的合作，其主要目的是建立一个内部市场，即一个没有内部界限的区域，保证四种自由流通——商品，人员，服务和资本——以及为了达到此目的将要加入的统一货币。另外，理事会负责公共外交和安全政策，以及区域司法和内政方面的政府间合作，其包括例如移民和政治庇护，对抗恐怖主义和毒品，以及司法合作。) |
| 毒理学 | toxicology A science that deals with poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions they produce (研究毒物、毒效、毒物检测和毒物产生条件处理的科学。) |
| 毒理学评估 | toxicological assessment The process of characterizing and evaluating the inherent toxicity of a chemical substance, a poison, etc. (表征和评估一种化学物质、一种毒物等的固有毒性的过程) |
| 毒理试验 | toxicological testing Test for the determination of the inherent toxicity of a chemical (为决定一种化学品的固有毒性而做的试验) |
| 美国毒性物质管理法案 | Toxic Substance Control Act |
| 气体处理 | treatment of gases Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons (气体经过处理后才可以提供给市场。气体需要处理的程度，取决于其质量、相关的杂质(如水、二氧化碳和硫化合物)的含量和气体的最终用途。天然气中常见杂质气体为二氧化碳和硫化合物，两者均有酸性反应，被给出的通用名称为"酸性气体"。这些气体可以采用物理或化学溶剂进行一些商用处理。物理溶解过程往往用于气压高的地方，以及有着较低水平的丙烷和重碳氢化合物的气体。) |
| 气象学、海洋学和水文学交互信息和处理系统国际会议 | International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing System for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology |
| 净，软水处理 | water treatment |
| 水处理 | water treatment Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use (水的净化，使之适合饮用或用于其它任何用途。) |
| 美国水污染控制管理局 | Water Pollution Control Administration |
| 水管理 | water management Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources (为确保有足够的水供应和可靠的水资源可利用而采取的措施。) |
| 水管理权 | water regulatory authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources (政府机构或管理者的权力，管理和实施有关保存和保护水资源的条例、法律和政策。) |
| 水质管理 | water quality management Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters (水质管理涉及四个主要元素：由水所组成的使用(休闲、饮水、鱼类和野生动物繁殖、工业或农业)；保护这些用途的水的标准；实施计划(所需的工业、市政废水处理的改进)和执行计划；和一个反水质退化声明，以保护现有的高品质的水域。) |
| 水质管理信息系统 | water management information system |
| 水资源管理 | water resources management Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability (有关水的供应、其使用效率的提高、损失和浪费的减少、节水实践的措施和活动，以降低成本，减缓供水损耗，以确保未来水资源的供应。) |
| 水量管理 | water quantity management The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water (可用的饮用水水量的管理和处理。) |
| 污废水处理 | sewage disposal |
| 污染清理废料 | pollution abatement waste Wastes resulting from the operations of pollutant removal from industries, cleaning processes, etc. (由于清除污染物的操作，从产业、清洗过程中产生的废料。) |
| 污染的物理测量 | physical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques (定量测定污染存在的程度和类型，污染物的测定中使用的机械方法包括：光学、电子学、声学和热力学的基本技术。) |
| 污水与工业废物处理协会联合会 | Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association |
| 污水处理场 | sewage farm Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment (一片场地，污水或任何其它类型的废水放在那里净化；是一种废水处理设施。) |
| 污水处理系统 | wastewater treatment system |
| 污水处理系统 | sewage treatment system Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea (污水处理分为两步——初级和中级处理。初级处理包括从污水中去掉固体，留下做进一步处理或进入河流、海或土地中的泥浆以及相对干净的水。中级处理中，泥浆在很大的罐中搅拌以混入更多的氧气，使细菌分解有机物质并且留下无害的剩余物，这些剩余物沉积在罐的底部。处理之后，罐上部的干净的水被排放到河里，沉积物作为填埋物或排放到海里。) |
| 污水综合处理方案 | integrated waste water treatment concept |
| 污泥处理 | sludge treatment The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous. This may be done by aerobic or anaerobic digestion followed by drying in sand beds, filtering, and incineration, filtering, and drying, or wet air oxidation (处理废水污泥使其变得无害。这可以由干燥的沙床、过滤和焚烧，过滤后被有氧或厌氧作用消化、干燥或湿空气氧化。) |
| 河流处理 | river disposal Discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous waste into a river (排除河里的固体、液体和气体废物。) |
| 河流管理 | river management The administration or handling of a waterway or a stream of flowing water (管理或处理水道或流水的河。) |
| 治理 | abatement |
| 泄漏响应自动管理系统 | automated spill response management system |
| 法理 | jurisprudence The science or philosophy of law (法律的科学或哲学。) |
| 流域管理 | watershed management Use, regulation and treatment of water and land resources of a watershed to accomplish stated objectives (使用、管理和处理某个流域的水和土地资源来实现既定目标。) |
| 浮式污水处理设备 | floating slop handling facility |
| 海上泄漏处理公司 | Marine Spill Response Corp. |
| 海岸管理 | coastal management Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments (通过规划、预先批准作业、禁止某些活动、物理结构和复原措施等方式以保护海岸线免受自然、偶发性及无计划开发的破坏。) |
| 清理 | cleaning up The process of bringing desert, marsh, sea coast or other waste or unproductive land into use or cultivation (使用或者培养沼泽地带、沙漠、海岸或其他废弃或贫瘠的土地的过程。) |
| 渔业管理 | fisheries management The administration and handling of aspects of the fishing industry, including the catching, processing and selling of fish (管理和处理渔业各方面，包括捕捞，加工和销售鱼。) |
| 灌木清理 | bush clearing The removal of brush using mechanical means, either by cutting manually or by using machinery for crushing, rolling, flailing, or chipping it, or by chemical means or a combination of these (使用机械方法清除灌木，或者用手工或者通过使用机械碾碎、滚压、挤压或切碎灌木，或者通过化学方法或者使用这些方法的组合。) |
| 火灾和土地管理计划简写为FIRELAMP | fire and land management planning |
| 火灾管理 | fire management |
| 火灾管理区 | fire management area |
| 火灾管理当局 | fire authority |
| 火灾管理改进 | fire management improvements |
| 火灾管理目标 | fire management objective |
| 火灾管理计划 | fire management plan |
| 灾害及其影响管理程序 方法 | hazards and effects management process |
| 灾害管理程序方法 | hazard management process |
| 物理化学 | physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties (研究物理现象的效果及化学性质的学科。) |
| 物理化学分析 | physicochemical analysis Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions (根据物理变化分析联合化学反应。) |
| 物理化学提纯 | physicochemical purification Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination (用来集中精力去除固体有机食品中的氨。物理处理方法包括反渗透、透析、电渗析、蒸发、二氧化碳、吸附、氨剥离、过滤、沉降、絮凝。化学处理方法包括离子交换、中和、氧化、还原、降水、灼烧。) |
| 物理化学的处理 | physicochemical treatment Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation (废水的处理、借助物理和化工方法的组合毒性物质或者其它材料，例如物理过程包括空气剥离或滤清，而化学过程包括凝固、氯化或者臭氧化。) |
| 物理化学过程 | physicochemical process Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances (变化过程中的物理性质和化学结构。) |
| 物理变更 | physical alteration Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition (身体上的任何改变或物质变化，但并不包括水作为化学成分的变化。) |
| 物理处理 | physical treatment Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration (分离废料流中的各种成分或改变废料的物理形态，而不改变其化学结构组成。物理处理技术经常用来分离废料流，以便它们可以通过化学或生物或解毒疗法重用，或被高温焚烧销毁。) |
| 物理学 | physics The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws (可以用基本方法了解基本原则和自然规律那些方面的研究。) |
| 物理属性 | physical property Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition (无需化学成分的变化就能改变的属性。) |
| 物理性污染 | physical pollution The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation (由于材料的运动引入有害物质或对环境造成损害，如通过振动、热变更或电磁辐射等。) |
| 物理污染物 | physical pollutant A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. (按照该物质对环境状况污染的特点来分类，例如噪声、微波辐射、振动等。) |
| 物理海洋学 | physical oceanography The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom (从物理方面研究运动的大海，各种因素的变化，以及这些因素与大气和海洋底部的关系。) |
| 物理状态 | physical conditions |
| 物理环境 | physical environment The material surroundings of a system, process or organism (系统、过程或生物体的周围物质。) |
| 物理胁迫 | physical stress |
| 物理过程 | physical process A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter (修改问题的物质形式变动的连续作用或系列。) |
| 物种管理区国际自然与自然资源保护联合会 | species management area |
| 环境与工程地球物理学会 | Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society |
| 环境伦理 | environmental ethics An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being (反应对环境的承诺与责任的一种生态意识和道德，包括植物、动物以及现在、未来世代的人类，它的导向促成人类社会与人类赖以生存发展的自然世界和谐发展。) |
| 环境信息管理系统 | environmental information management system |
| 环境友好管理 | environmentally friendly management Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation (采取完整的和保护性的管理实践，旨在减少工业和商业活动对环境的影响。这些实践包括在产品开发周期中的生命周期分析，清洁过程技术和污染最小化度量的引进。) |
| 环境处理不当 | environmental misconduct |
| 环境心理学 | environmental psychology A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. (实验心理学的分支，研究行为与其所处环境状况的关系。环境心理学主要侧重于物理环境的影响，因此这方面的许多研究是有关噪音、空气污染、气候变化等的影响。) |
| 美国环境控制管理局 | Environmental Control Administration |
| 环境管理 | environmental management Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations (针对环境保育、合理以及永续性的自然资源分配和使用、社会与环境之间互动的最佳化以及现在和未来时代的人类福祉的改善所进行的方法与控制。) |
| 美国环境管理协会 | Environmental Management Association |
| 环境管理指标 | indicator of environmental management |
| 环境管理系统 | environment management system |
| 环境管理系统规范 | Environmental Management System-Specification |
| 环境管理计划 | environmental management plan |
| 环境行政管理机关 | environmental administration institution A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources (中央政府中具有监督政府有关生态系统或自然资源维持与保护行动权利的组织。) |
| 联合国环境规划管理委员会 | Governing Council for Environmental Program |
| 环境资源管理集团 | Environmental Resources Management Group |
| 现场废水处理 | on-site wastewater treatment A process in which used or spent water is treated at the point of origin or where it was produced, by using a septic tank or some other system to remove or reduce the impact of constituent wastes on human health and the environment (在来源点或产生地的废水处理过程，通过使用化粪池或其它一些系统以消除或减少废物成分对人类健康和环境的影响。) |
| 生理型 | physiotype (physiotypus) |
| 生理学 | physiology The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts (生物功能及其组成部分的研究。) |
| 生理胁迫 | physiological stress |
| 生产周期管理 | life-cycle management Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products (对产品在生命周期中涉及的所有阶段的管理，如原材料采购、制造、分销及零售、使用和再利用、维护、废物管理和回收，以减少环境方面有害的产品。) |
| 生态生理学 | ecophysiology The study of biophysical, biochemical and physiological processes used by animals to cope with factors of their physical environment, or employed during ecological interactions with other organisms (研究动物用来应对物理环境因素，或者与其他的有机体发生生态交互时所运用的生物物理、生物化学和生物学过程的学科。) |
| 生态管理 | ecological management |
| 生物伦理学 | bioethics The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination (在那些器官移植、基因工程或者人工受精等领域中，生物学研究及其应用引起的伦理问题的研究。) |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 生物地理区域 | biogeographical region Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains (根据所包含的动植物物种来定义的地球表面区域。) |
| 生物地理学研究动植物的地理分布, 与动物和植物的地理分布有关的科学。 | biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life |
| 生物处理 | biological treatment Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (使用微生物将有机物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物，或者简单的有机物，如醛和酸。一个生物处理系统的目的是控制的微生物的环境，来增强它们的生长和活动，并为维护与废弃物接触高浓度的微生物方法。提供一个方法来维持那些与废弃物接触的微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物废气处理 | biological waste gas purification Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms (从使用微生物得到的废气中去除杂质的过程。) |
| 生物废水处理 | biological wastewater treatment Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion (废水处理的类型，通过生化或细菌作用，使目前的不稳定有机质被氧化和变得稳定。这种类型的例子，是使用间歇性砂过滤器，滴滤池，活性污泥法处理及污泥消化。) |
| 生物废物处理 | biological waste treatment A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (一个适用于使用微生物分解有机物的过程的通用术语。微生物把有机废弃物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物质，如醛和酸。对生物废料处理的目的是控制微生物的环境使得它们的生长和活动得到增强，并且提供一个方法来维护与废弃物接触得微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物物理学 | biophysics The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes (一种混合科学，涉及到物理原理和方法的应用以研究和解释生物结构和生命过程的力学。) |
| 电解污水处理 | electrolytic sewage treatment |
| 病理 | pathology The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease (关于医药、疾病性质的起源，包括变化的疾病。) |
| 病理效应 | pathologic effect |
| 石油污染治理 | oil pollution abatement There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the "Load-on-top" system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the "slop" tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as "blotting paper", onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers (用于海上石油污染治理的各项制度：这个"顶部装载"的制度包括从清洗作业舱传递洗涤物和从最初的载水仓排放的残余物到一个命名为"溢出"舱的空货舱。新油装在进一步的排水后的最后残余物上面，此混合物被炼油厂所接收，尽管有去除盐和水的一些额外成本。根据1973年国际防止船舶污染公约，所有石油运载船舶将要求有实施该方法的能力，或者有作为选择的排放接收设施。另一种方法包括对石油扩散物喷洒和/或气流吹鼓一些功能如"吸墨纸"的秸秆和木屑到水、沙滩、岩石和码头上。为遏制海上石油泄漏的Vikoma系统，由英国石油公司开发，是一个约500米长的拦油栅，充气膨胀后由浮油顺风牵引形成一个U形；在风的影响下，油在栅栏中淤积。浮油刮集装置进入拦油栅围栏，石油被抽入容器。) |
| 石油泄漏管理模拟 | Oil Spill Management Simulation |
| 社会心理学 | social psychology Study of the effects of social structure on cognition and behavior, of processes of face-to-face interaction, and of the negotiation of social order (对社会结构在认知和行为方面的影响的研究，以面对面的互动过程，对社会秩序的谈判。) |
| 社区管理 | community-based natural resource management |
| 社区管理 | community-based management |
| 南美洲福克兰群岛环境治理工作组 | Falkland Islands Environmental Task Group |
| 空中勤务管理者员 | air service manager |
| 空气和废物管理协会 | Air and Waste Management Association |
| 空气质量管理 | air quality management Regulate and plan and work toward the accomplishment of completion of stated goals, objectives and mission pertaining to air quality (规范、计划和实施能够实现关于空气质量既定目标与任务。) |
| 美国空气质量管理计划 | Air Quality Management Plan |
| 管理 | management Government, control, superintendence, physical or manual handling or guidance; act of managing by direction or regulation, or administration, as management of family, or of household, etc. (统治、控制、监督、物理或手工处理或指导；按照指示或规例、或行政来行使管理，如管理家庭或家人等。) |
| 管理 | regulation The act of regulating; a rule or order prescribed for management or government; a regulating principle; a precept. Rule of order prescribed by superior or competent authority relating to action on those under its control (管理的行为；管理部门或政府下达的规则或命令；规定的原则；戒律。上级或权力部门制定的程序规则。) |
| 管理会计 | management accounting The collection and processing of financial information to assist with the handling, direction, or control of an organization (财务信息的收集和处理，以协助某个组织的操纵、指导或控制。) |
| 管理合约 | management contract A legal agreement between two or more parties of employers and workers that outlines the administrative or supervisory work that is expected in exchange for certain payments and working conditions (两个或两个以上的雇主和工人间的法律协议，其概述了在某些报酬和工作条件之间被期望的的行政或监督工作。) |
| 管理技术 | management technique systematic approach or method of performance for the accomplishment of administrative goals or tasks (系统化的实践的步骤或方法，旨在行政目标或任务的完成。) |
| 管理程序 | administrative procedure |
| 管理类型 | type of management The different, specific methods of business administration (企业管理中不同的、特定的方法。) |
| 管理计划 | management plan A program of action designed to reach a given set of objectives (某个旨在达到特定的目标而设定的行动纲领。) |
| 管末处理技术 | end-of-pipe technology An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes (一种污染控制的方法，与在产生废弃物过程中进行处理不同，该方法强调在将污染物排放到外界环境前处理或者过滤流出物。) |
| 系统理论 | systems theory The science concerned with the general study of structures and behaviours of systems which may be applicable in different branches of learning (从事结构的一般研究和适用于不同学习分支系统的行为的科学。) |
| 经济理论 | economic theory The study of relationships in the economy. Its purpose is to analyze and explain the behaviour of the various economic elements. The body of economic theory can be divided into two broad categories, positive theory and welfare theory. Positive theory is an attempt to analyze the operation of the economy without considering the desirability of its results in terms of ultimate goals. Welfare theory is concerned primarily with an evaluation of the economic system in terms of ethical goals which are not themselves derived from economic analysis (研究经济关系的学科。其目的是分析和解释各种经济元素的行为。经济理论的主体可大致分为实证论和福利论两种。实证论是在不考虑对最终结果有希望的情况下，分析经济操作。福利理论主要是根据并非经济分析推出的伦理目标来评价经济系统。) |
| 经济地理学 | economic geography The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface (关于人类谋生，生产、分配和消耗商品和服务的空间型态的地理学。 三十年来，经济地理学的发展见证了描述分析法的更替，导向因素的判定及影响地表经济活动的空间差异性过程的了解。) |
| 经济管理手段 | economic management instrument A tool or method used by any organization in the management of developmental processes used in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources (任何组织在物质资源生产或调控的开发过程管理中，所采用的工具或方法。) |
| 经济防火理论 | least cost plus loss fire protection theory |
| 经济防火理论 | economic fire protection theory |
| 综合生态系统管理 | integrated ecosystem management |
| 综合管理 | integrated management Unified, combined and coordinated management of environmental problems which correlates relevant organisations, groups, individuals and disciplines by bringing the parts together for a complete approach (对环境问题的统一、联合和协调的管理，其通过把所依赖的有关组织、团体、个体以及相关行为准则集中考虑以得出一个完整的解决方案。) |
| 美国职业安全与保健管理局 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| 美国联邦水污染控制管理局 | Federal Water Pollution Control Administration |
| 美国联邦空气与水污染控制管理局 | Federal Air and Water Pollution Control Administration |
| 能源管理 | energy management The administration or handling of power derived from sources such as fossil fuel, electricity and solar radiation (对来自石化燃料、电力以及太阳辐射的能源所进行的管理或处理。) |
| 自然地理 | physical geography The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics and relationships of all phenomena within the Earth's physical environment (研究时间和空间关系的特点，以及地球上一切现象的物理环境。) |
| 自然管理界的公共制度 | public institution of administrative nature Public institution for the management of administrative issues (管理管理问题的公共制度。) |
| 自然资源管理 | management of natural resources Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits (天然资源，特别是不可再生资源的计划使用，与保证最佳的长期经济和社会效益原则保持一致。) |
| 船上垃圾处理 | ship waste disposal Discharging of ship waste into the sea (把船上的垃圾倒到海里。) |
| 良好管理 | good management The competent, skillful and successful process of planning, leading and working toward the accomplishment or completion of goals, objectives and mission of an organization or institution (为了贯彻或完成组织或机构的目标，目的与任务而在计划、领导、和工作上做出的适当、技术高明且成功的处理过程。) |
| 英国污水处理设备制造商协会 | British Sewage Plant Manufacturer's Association |
| 药理学 | pharmacology The science dealing with the nature and properties of drugs, particularly their actions (处理药物特性的科学，尤其是处理活动。) |
| 表面处理 | surface treatment Any method of treating a material (metal, polymer, or wood) so as to alter the surface, rendering it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and various other treatments, or resistant to weather or chemical attack (任何处理的材料(金属，聚合物或木材)，让它接受油墨、涂料、油漆、粘合剂、以及其他各种处理，或抗天气或化学攻击方法，以改变材料表面。) |
| 访问管理文档 | access to administrative documents The legal right of access to administrative documents or the opportunity to avail oneself of the same (访问管理文档的合法权限或者利用管理文档的机会。) |
| 财务管理 | financial management The management of acquisitions and the use of long- and short-term capital by a business (对商业短期和长期资金的获取和使用的管理。) |
| 货币理论 | theory of money A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply (对货币供应、需求和利率普遍认可的看法，对整体经济的货币流通的影响，认为应通过控制货币供应机构所采取的政策。) |
| 货运代理 | forwarding agent A person or business that specializes in the shipment and receiving of goods (专门从事运输和货物接收的个人或企业。) |
| 资源管理 | resource management |
| 资源管理 | resources management A conscious process of decision-making whereby natural and cultural resources are allocated over time and space to optimize the attainment of stated objectives of a society, within the framework of its technology, political and social institutions, and legal and administrative arrangements. An important objective is the conservation of resources, implying a close and integrated relationship between the ecological basis and the socio-economic system (有意识的决策过程。通过该过程，在技术、政治和社会制度、法律和监管部门的安排框架下，自然和文化资源按照时间和空间分配以优化社会中不同状态客体获得资源的情况。重要目标是保护资源，包括维持生态基础和社会经济系统的密切关系。) |
| 软水处理 | water treatment |
| 辐射物理学 | radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter (研究电离辐射和它的影响。) |
| 远程处理 | telematics The convergence of computing and communications technologies, thus the use of telephone or radio to link computers and the use of computers to send messages via telephone or radio links (计算和通信技术的融合，如使用电话或无线电连接电脑和利用电脑通过电话或无线电发送邮件联系。) |
| 连锁管理 | chain management The administration, organization and planning for the flow of materials or merchandise through various stages of production and distribution, involving a network of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other trading partners (管理、组织和计划材料或者商品在生产和分配这些不同阶段的流动，涉及到一个由卖方、供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商和其它贸易伙伴组成的网络。) |
| 金属表面处理 | metal finishing A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties (一个处理过程；在这个过程中,化学或其他物质作为一种清洁、保护、改变或改善外观或物理性质的方法用于金属，特别是其表面性质。) |
| 防火防爆与应急处理规定 | Prevention of Fire & Explosion and Emergency Response Regulations |
| 阿雷纽斯理论 | Arrhenius theory |
| 难处理废弃物 | hard-to-dispose-of waste Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route (通常由于有毒或具有较大体积，而没有明显的处置途径的废弃物质。) |
| 集中式废物处理 | centralized waste treatment |
| 需氧处理 | aerobic treatment The introduction of air into sewage so as to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period (在滞留期将空气引入下水道以便提供有氧生化储备。) |
| 风险管理 | risk management The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to prepare for the probability of an accidental occurrence and its expected magnitude of damage, including the consideration of legal, economic and behavioral factors (对风险的评估，选择有法律规定的或未规定的方式，对某种可能发生的事故做准备，以及对破坏的程度的预测。往往包括法律、经济和行为等多方因素。) |
| 美国食品与药物管理局 | Food and Drug Administration |
| 饮用水处理 | drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required (欧盟《可饮用的地表水水质指引》中将饮用水根据其处理程度，分成三级(A1，A2，A3)，包括从简单的物理处理和消毒到复杂的物理化学处理。 采用的处理等级，依原水水质而定。 欧盟指引对于已知有害健康的参数，通常采取强制管理；对于危害性较小者，则采取指引式的规范。 欧盟也定有相关指引，制定采样与分析方法和频率，以补充"地表水抽取"指引的不足。) |
