| Chinese | English |
| 三氮六环 | triazine Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules (分子中包含三个氮原子的二氮六环。) |
| 三碳-四碳循环中间产物 | C3 - C4 cycle intermediate |
| 上环野生动物, 给鸟的腿上带上编号的环来记录鸟的移动。上环是一种非常普遍的用来跟踪鸟行踪的方法，并能提供鸟的年龄信息。但它也会给鸟带来压力。 | ringing wildlife, To attach a numbered ring to the leg of a bird so that its movements can be recorded. Ringing is a very common method of tracing bird movement and providing information about bird's ages. It can also cause stress to the birds |
| 世界工业环境委员会 | World Industry Council for the Environment |
| 美国亚拉巴马州环境管理局 | Alabama Department of Environment Management |
| 亚洲环保理事会 | Asian Environment Council |
| 人文环境相互作用理论 | environment interaction theory of personality |
| 人类居住环境方面 | environmental aspect of human settlements Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies (人类定居对生态系统以及自身造成不利影响，会向岩石圈、水圈和大气圈中释放有毒物质。环境污染物的主要类型为污水、重金属、石油碳氢化合物、合成有机化合物和气状污染物。大部分对环境有潜在危害的物质增加是由于人口增长以及工业社会结束进步所引起的。) |
| 企业环境保护 | environmental protection in the enterprise Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken by non-governmental, business or industrial entities to prevent or reduce harm to the ecosystem and human health (非政府、商业或产业实体所采取用来防止或减少生态系统和人类健康损害的预防行为、程序或装置。) |
| 休闲环境冲击 | environmental impact of recreation Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities (休闲和旅游总伴随着对环境的过度伤害。水生生态系统尤其易被持续增加的旅游业和伴随的旅馆、污水、道路、停车场和在河岸和海岸线上的防波堤所影响；以及在水体中增加的垂钓、游泳、划水、打猎、和水上船只。当规模渐大时，这些活动都会产生直接危害，包括海岸危害、改变水中和沉积物中的化学成分以及对于植物和动物群落的改变。) |
| 伽马射线环境成像频谱仪 | gamma ray environmental mapping spectrometer |
| 美国保护消费者与环境健康处 | Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service |
| 健康、环境与安全 | Health, Environment and Safety |
| 健康与环境的关系 | health-environment relationship Relationship between the quality of the environment and the health conditions of individuals (环境品质与个人健康状况之间的关系。) |
| 健康、安全、环境与质量 | health, safety, environment & quality |
| 健康、安全与环境 | health, safety and environment |
| 美国全国环保培训协会 | Notional Environmental Training Association |
| 全球环境机构 | Global Environment Facility An international organization established in 1990 to provide practical assistance to governments in achieving environmental improvements. The GEF is managed by the World Bank, which contributes 2/3 of its funds, the remaining 1/3 being controlled by the United Nations Development Programme (于1990年设立的国际组织，旨在向各国政府提供实现环境改善的实际援助。 GEF由捐助2/3基金的世界银行管理，而剩下的1/3基金乃由联合国开发设计署捐助。) |
| 全球环境监测服务处 | Global Environmental Monitoring Service |
| 全球环境监测系统 | global environmental monitoring system |
| 全球水分循环路线 | route of global water circulation |
| 联合国全球海洋环境污染调査 | global investigation on pollution of marine environment |
| 公共环境管理局 | Bureau of Community Environmental Management |
| 公司的环境经济 | environmental economics of firms The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies (指企业和公司为了将生态准则整合于用做工程中所使用的金融资源。) |
| 公用环境 | common application environment |
| 养分循环 | nutrient cycle A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these (一个生物地球化学的循环，其中无机养分转移到土壤、生物体、空气和水，或通过其中的一些。) |
| 再循环能力 | recyclability Characteristic of materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving their original purpose and that can, therefore, be reused or remanufactured into additional products (一种物质特性，在物质常规使用后任然存在有用的物理或化学性质，能被重用或重新制成其它产品。) |
| 农业环境影响 | environmental impact of agriculture Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers (农业活动对水质的显著影响，包含因侵蚀而增加溪流的沉降，径流中营养盐、农药和盐类浓度的增加。某些特定地区，因杀虫剂的不当使用，已产生具有抗药性的昆虫、毁害自然捕食者、造成当地野生动物死亡，并污染人类的水源供给。不当的使用肥料已经改变了栖息在邻近水道与河川的鱼类和植物型态。) |
| 农业环境措施 | agri-environmental measure |
| 农业环境政策 | agro-environmental policy |
| 农业环境法规 | environmental legislation on agriculture A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any aspect of farm and livestock production that poses a threat to ecological integrity and human health, especially the use of pesticides, fertilizers and land (政府为规范任何对生态完整性以及人体健康造成威胁的农场和牲畜产品而定的必须遵守的规则和法体，特别是在农药、肥料以及土地的使用方面。) |
| 农村环境 | rural environment Environment pertaining to the countryside (农村的环境。) |
| 美国加利福尼亚州环境质量法 | California Environmental Quality Act |
| 加拿大环境贸易展览会 | Canadian Environmental Trade Show & Conference |
| 加拿大石油业环境保护协会 | Petroleum Association for Conservation of Canadian Environment |
| 化学、生物和环境的 | chemical, biological and environmental |
| 化工环境污染研究 | study of chemical environmental pollution |
| 欧洲北海环境会议 | Environment Northern Seas |
| 区域环境管理会议 | Regional Environmental Management Conference |
| 区域性环大气模型系统 | regional atmospheric modeling system |
| 卡尔文-本森循环 | Calvin-Benson cycle |
| 危害环境 | offence against the environment Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (诸如水污染、有害废物的弃置、空气污染、未经许可的工厂设备、石油泄漏等不利于环境的非法行为。) |
| 压力环境 | pressure equipment Equipment operating with an internal pressure greater than atmospheric (内部压力比大气压力大的设备。) |
| 受控环境透明化系统 | controlled environmental vitrification system |
| 受控制环境 | controlled environment |
| 合乎环境要求的技术 | environmentally sound technology |
| 合乎环境要求的技术 | ecotechnology |
| 英国国家环保技术中心 | National Environment Technology Center |
| 美国国家环境保护法 | National Environmental Protection Act |
| 美国国家环境卫星中心 | National Environmental Satellite Center |
| 国家环境卫星数据和信息服务局 | National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service |
| 美国国家环境卫星服务局 | National Environmental Satellite Service |
| 美国国家环境政策法案 | National Environmental Policy Act |
| 国家环境数据分配处 | National Environmental Data Referral Service |
| 国家环境数据分配系统 | National Environmental Data Referral System |
| 美国国家环境研究中心 | National Environmental Research Center |
| 英国国家环境研究委员会 | National Environmental Research Council |
| 美国国家环境研究所 | National Institute for Environment |
| 美国国家环境空气质量标准 | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| 美国国家环境预测中心 | National Centers for Environmental Prediction |
| 国民环境会计帐 | national environmental accounting The collection and processing of financial information regarding the costs for ecological challenges or opportunities for nations or countries (有关民族或国家的生态挑战或机会的花费的财务资料的收集和处理。) |
| 国际环境与开发研究中心 | Center for International Research of Environment and Development |
| 国际环境与开发研究所 | International Institute for Environment and Development |
| 联合国国际环境中心 | International Center for the Environment |
| 国际环境事务研究所 | international institute of Environment Affairs |
| 国际环境保护局 | International Environmental Bureau |
| 国际环境信息中心 | Center for International Environment Information |
| 国际环境关系 | international environmental relations The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations that pertain to ecological concerns (关于生态保护的政治或外交活动或独立国家之间的往来。) |
| 国际环境法理事会 | International Council for Environmental Law |
| 国际环境生物地球化学专题讨论会 | International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry |
| 国际环境额定系统 | International Environment Rating System |
| 国际地球科学与环境科学促进会 | International Association for Advancement of Earth and Environment Sciences |
| 国际海洋环境工程会议 | International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment |
| 国际能源和环境大会 | International Energy and Environmental Congress |
| 土壤环境 | edaphic environment |
| 地学与环境科学国际中心 | International Center for Earth and Environmental Sciences |
| 美国地球和环境科学委员会 | Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences |
| 地球物理环境 | geophysical environment The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms (物理上的地球和其包围的环境，包括海洋、内陆水、低空和高空大气圈、太空、陆地块、陆地地形等。) |
| 埃及环境事务署 | Egyptian Environmental Affairs Ag ency |
| 城市环境卫生 | urban sanitation The renovation or redevelopment of the decaying areas of cities by the demolition or up-grading of existing dwellings and buildings and a general improvement in environmental conditions (通过拆除或更新现有的住宅和建筑物以全面改善环境条件，对城市的衰败地区的翻修或重建。) |
| 壳牌健康、安全、环境委员会 | Shell Health, Safety, Environmental Committee |
| 多环碳氢化合物 | polycyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon (碳氢分子与两种或两种以上的细胞核相结合，例子包括萘；有两个苯环，肩并肩，或二苯，有两个连接键的苯环。也称为多核碳氢化合物。) |
| 多环芳香碳氢化合物 | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms (包含两个或多个闭合原子结构的环状碳氢化合物。) |
| 加拿大大气环境局 | Atmospheric Environment Service |
| 大气循环 | atmospheric circulation The general movement and circulation of air, which transfers energy between different levels of the atmosphere. The mechanisms of circulation are very complicated. They involve the transfer of energy between the oceans and the atmosphere, the land and the atmosphere, as well as the different levels of the atmosphere (大气的普通运动和循环，可以将不同层面的大气能量转移。循环的机制非常复杂，包括海洋和大气层之间能量转移，大气和陆地之间的能量转移，以及不同层面大气层的能量转移。) |
| 安全与环境 | safety and environment |
| 美国安全与环境管理计划 | Safety and Environmental Management Program |
| 安全、健康和环境保护 | safety health and environmental protection |
| 安全开采和环保监督员 | mining safety and environment inspector |
| 室内环境 | indoor environment Environment situated in the inside of a house or other building (在房屋或其它建筑物内的环境。) |
| 家庭环境冲击 | environmental impact of households Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. (家庭对环境的冲击包含家庭的热排放(热空气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、水蒸气和氮氧化物、硫氧化物和其它微量气体)；家庭污水含有人体排泄物、厨房污水、浴室和洗衣废水；大型废弃物，如洗衣机、冰箱、汽车和其它物体等不适合投放在标准垃圾箱的废弃物，这些大型废弃物经常被弃置在乡间。) |
| 美国密歇根环境研究所 | Environmental Research Institute of Michigan |
| 对环境破坏的惩罚 | penalty for environmental damage Punishment, varying from fines to withdrawal of government funds to economic sanctions, which is imposed for the harm or injury done to natural resources (惩罚，包括罚款、收回政府资助等形式，通常是由于对自然资源造成破坏而实施的。) |
| 美国居民健康与环境监测系统 | Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System |
| 工业环境一般的, 与货品生产和服务发生相关的多种活动所处的环境。 | industrial environment in general, Environment where the manifold activities connected with the production of goods and services take place |
| 工业环境冲击 | environmental impact of industry The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry (工业活动对环境的影响主要与工业废弃物之产生有关，其中废弃物可分成数种形式：固体废弃物，如微尘或由煤产生的熔渣；各种过程中产生的废液，包括电厂的辐射冷却水；以及气体废弃物，主要由化学工厂产生。) |
| 工业环境政策 | industrial environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for the protection of natural resources from pollution generated by manufacturing or business enterprises (为保护自然资源免受制造或商业企业产生的污染而制定的指引程序、理念或行动。) |
| 工业与环境国际中心 | International Center for the Industry and the Environment |
| 市政环卫 | municipal cleansing The aggregation of services offered by a town or city in which streets and other public areas are kept clean, such as through trash pick-ups, street sweeping and decontamination of water, soil and other natural resources (由一个县镇或城市提供服务的集合，其中要保持街道和其他公共场所的清洁卫生，如捡拾垃圾、清扫街道及水、土壤和其他自然资源的净化。) |
| 市政环卫服务 | municipal cleansing service Removal for treatment or disposal of those residues that can be regarded as waste including removal of litter from public places, public thoroughfares or the countryside (可作为废物的残留物，包括从公共场所、公共道路或农村清除的垃圾的处置。) |
| 市政环境政策 | municipal environmental policy The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action regarding the protection of natural resources in local settings, cities or towns (关于城市或城镇的本地环境中自然资源保护的指导程序、哲学理念或行动过程。) |
| 市政环境规划 | municipal environment plan A formulated or systematic method for the management of a city or town's natural or ecological resources (城市或城镇的自然或生态资源管理的有规划的和系统的方法。) |
| 常压大气环流模式 | Atmospheric General Circulation Model |
| 干旱环境 | dry locality |
| 废料再循环 | waste recycling A method of recovering wastes as resources which includes the collection, and often involving the treatment, of waste products for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in a manufacturing process (一种废料资源回收的方法，包括作为生产过程中原材料的全部或部分替代品的废品的收集、而且往往涉及到废品的处理。) |
| 建筑环境 | built environment That part of the physical surroundings which are people-made or people-organized, such as buildings and other major structures, roads, bridges and the like, down to lesser objects such as traffic lights, telephone and pillar boxes (人造的或者人类规划的环境的那部分，如房屋和其他主要的结构、公路、桥梁和类似的结构，还包括一些小物件，如交通灯、电话和支柱。) |
| 弗米利恩环境保护协会 | Vermilion Association for the Protection of the Environment |
| 当今环境伙伴关系战略 | Strategies for Today's Environmental Partnerships |
| 美国怀俄明州环境质量局 | Wyoming Department of Environment Quality |
| 总循环模式 | general circulation models |
| 政府环境开支 | government environmental expenditure |
| 敏感的环境 | sensitive environment Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals (通常对任何大块或小块的、私有或共有的土地做的补救性的行动，使其具有所希望的环境属性。这些属性有助于建保护区和/或建立野生动物居住地、土壤稳定性、水保护区、植物覆盖和相似的重要的生态功能。环境敏感地区的大小从一小块到很大。它们包括少量的或普通的居住者、植物和动物。) |
| 旋转式环境可视红外仪 | spinning environmental visible and infrared instrument |
| 普通环流模型指大气 | general circulation models |
| 普遍环境胁迫 | widespread environmental stress |
| 最实用的环境方案 | best practicable environment option |
| 最终环境影响报告 | final environmental impact report |
| 最终环境影响说明 | final environmental impact statement |
| 最终环境说明 | final environmental statement |
| 机载激光扫描环境荧光传感器 | scanning laser environmental airborne fluorosensor |
| 杂环化合物 | heterocyclic compound Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom (环状结构中含有一种以上不同原子的化合物。) |
| 林业环境冲击 | environmental impact of forestry The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources (世界的森林资源正以惊人的速率缩小。因与外国交易上的需要，许多开发中国家其林木砍伐的速率高于造林的速率。这些过度的砍伐不仅耗尽支持国际木材交易的森林资源，也造成倚赖森林维生的生物死亡，且增加土壤的侵蚀和下游的水患，也加速物种和基因资源的消失。) |
| 欧共体生态环境审核条例 | European Community Eco-Audit Regulations |
| 欧洲环境局 | European Environment Agency The EEA is being set up to provide the European Community and its member states with objective, reliable and standardized information on the environment. It will assess the success of existing environmental policies and the data will be used to develop new policies for environmental protection measures. It will gather information covering the present, and foreseeable, state of the environment. The priority area are: air quality and emissions; water quality, pollutants and resources; soil quality, flora and fauna, and biotopes; land use and natural resources; waste management; noise pollution; chemicals; and protection of coastal areas. The Agency will also take into account the socio-economics dimension, cover transboundary and international matters, and avoid the duplication of the activities of other bodies (欧洲环境局正在建立，以提供欧洲共同体及其成员国客观、可靠和标准化的环境方面的信息。它评估现有的环境政策的成功与否，数据将被用于开发环保措施的新政策。它收集包括现在和可预见的环境状况的信息。主要的领域有：空气质量和排放；水质，污染物和资源；土壤质量；植物群和动物群以及群落生境；土壤利用和自然资源；废物管理；噪音污染；化学物质；海岸区域的保护。环保局考虑社会-环境方面因素，包括跨界和国际问题，以及防止与其他组织的活动发生重复。) |
| 欧洲环境局 | European Environment Bureau |
| 欧洲环境局 | European Environmental Council |
| 欧洲共同体环保标签 | EC ecolabel The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays (欧洲共同体倡议鼓励环保产品的推广。该项计划于1992年底投入运作，其目的在于确定相同品牌产品中更环保的产品。例如，环保标签将赋予那些不含破坏臭氧层的氯氟烃(CFC)的产品、那些可以或者是可再生的产品、那些高能效的产品。这些标签是由欧盟委员会授予的环保标准。包括一个产品的整个生命周期，从原料的提取到制造、分配、使用和处置。首批带有欧共体生态环保标签的商品有：洗衣机、擦手纸、书写纸、灯泡和发胶。) |
| 氧化戊糖磷酸循环 | oxidative pentose phosphate cycle |
| 氮循环 | nitrogen cycle The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere (庄稼获得大量的它们需要合成蛋白质、核酸和其它生化物质的氮，及氮如何回到空气的这套复杂的过程。) |
| 水产养殖环境影响 | environmental impact of aquaculture Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice (鱼类养殖所产生的营养盐、甲烷与硫化氢污染了水体，对养殖鱼类与其它水中生物造成的威胁。危害性的杀虫剂已经被用于处理海虱的侵扰。) |
| 水文循环 | hydrologic cycle The movement of water between the oceans, ground surface and atmosphere by evaporation, precipitation and the activity of living organisms, as one of the mayor biogeochemical cycles. Each day water evaporates from the oceans and is carried in the air from the sea over the land, which receives it as precipitation, and finally returns from the land to the sea through rivers, thus completing the cycle (通过蒸发、降水以及生物活动使海洋、地表和大气中的水分转移，这是主要的生物地化循环之一。每天水分从海上蒸发进入空气，飘至陆地上空降落为雨，最终通过江河再汇回海洋，就这样完成一个循环。) |
| 水生环境 | aquatic environment Waters, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals (作为动植物互相联系和交互作用的场所的各种水体，包括湿地。) |
| 油页岩环境问题顾问小组 | Oil Shale Environmental Advisory Panel |
| 沿海环境 | coastal environment The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats (陆地与海洋的交界区域。沿海环境包括受潮汐影响的湿地、海口、海湾、近岸浅水区、红树林沼泽和近岸的珊瑚礁系。这些地区的重要生境是：养育、繁殖、培育和休息区域。世界各地的沿海地区都面临着巨大的环境压力，由很多因素引起，包括污染和海洋栖息地的破坏和恶化。) |
| 海循环 | sea circulation Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again (大洋中的大规模的水平的水的流动。通过这种方法可以将保存在海中的来自太阳的能量传到全世界。对水流的解释，例如，为什么英国有在冬天不结冰的港口，然而圣彼得斯堡和设得兰群岛有相同的纬度但需要破冰设备。证据说明世界的大洋环流在上次冰河时代非常不同，并且在很远的过去变化过几次，这对气候有很大影响。大洋像宝藏一样重要，因为它吸收了到达地球的太阳的热量的一大半。这些热量主要是在赤道附近被吸收的，被带到全世界并到处释放。它们产生了持续1000年的水流。当地球旋转和风吹过地面，水流带着热的热带的水到世界的寒冷地区。水流的强度和方向受到陆地、通过狭窄的海峡瓶颈、甚至海床的形状的影响。当热水到了地级附近，它的热量在大气中消失，它的温度降低，密度增加。当海水结冰了，它向未结冰的水中释放盐，冷水下沉到大海中并回流到热带。最后它变热并重新开始循环。) |
| 海洋环境 | marine environment Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions (海洋环境包括河口、近岸海洋和沿海区、开放式深海区。) |
| 阿拉伯湾海洋环境保护区域组织 | Regional Organization for Protection of the Marine Environment |
| 联合国海洋环境保护委员会 | Marine Environment Protection Committee |
| 海洋环境信息 | marine environmental information |
| 海洋环流 | ocean circulation Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean (海洋的一个封闭的水流动循环模式。) |
| 渔业的环境冲击 | environmental impact of fishing Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing (渔业对环境有各种负面的影响：从养渔场排放出的废弃物和放流水可能对野生鱼类、海豹和贝类造成危害。养渔业者使用少量高毒性的化学物质来杀死虱子：一旦过量即会造成灾害。使用拖网常捕获非商业性鱼类，其排钩操作和长线捕鱼的方式是造成大型海洋动物和濒临绝种动物死亡的原因之一。有些捕鱼技术，如拖网，不但捕得吨计的鱼获，更杀死数以百万的鸟类、鲸鱼、海豹、和意外捕捉到的鱼类；小小的网孔经常补捉到尚未成长、还未来得及繁殖的幼鱼。 有些设备也破坏了自然栖息地，如拖网的底部可能破坏自然礁石。其他破坏性的技术如非法炸鱼和用氰化物毒鱼。) |
| 澳大利亚污染与环境控制技术处 | Australian Services in Pollution and Environmental Control Technology |
| 火灾环境 | fire environment |
| 灵活的环境保护方法 | flexible approach to environmental protection Plans, referred to in various rules as emissions averaging, or flexible compliance plans, allow facilities to undercontrol some emission points that are too costly to control to mandated levels as long as these units are balanced by overcontrolling other emission units that are more cost-effective to control (指代约束平均排放量，或弹性兼容规则，允许设施控制在排放临界点之内，这些临界点花费太大而无法回到可控水平，只要这些单元能够平衡控制其他更高效的排放单元。) |
| 燃油与危险物品模拟环境计量罐 | oil and hazardous materials simulated environmental test tank |
| 物理环境 | physical environment The material surroundings of a system, process or organism (系统、过程或生物体的周围物质。) |
| 环保农业 | environmentally friendly agriculture |
| 环保投资项目 | environment investment project |
| 环保标志 | ecolabelling The European Community's initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. It was hoped that by buying labelled goods, consumers would be able to put pressure on manufacturers and retailers both to make and to stock "greener" products. This includes the effects they have on the environment at all stages. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC (由欧盟所发起的鼓励促进环境友好的产品。 这个计划自1992年开始执行，是用来确认与同类品牌相比，哪些产品对环境的危害较小，包括产品生命周期中每一阶段对环境的影响。希望通过消费者购买带有这种标志的产品来促使生产商和零售商生产"绿色产品"。这些标志是以欧洲共同体所颁布的环境准则来认证。) |
| 环保标章 | ecolabel A mark, seal or written identification attached or affixed to products that provides specific ecological information allowing consumers to make comparisons with other similar products, or instructions on how to safely use or properly recycle or dispose of both products and packaging (附于产品上的标志、印章、或书写文字，提供特别生态信息以供顾客比较其他类似产品、或指引顾客如何安全使用、或适当回收或抛弃此产品及其包装。) |
| 环境 | environment A concept which includes all aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings. The European Union has defined the environment as "the combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of the individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt". The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water. It also includes the surroundings of the workplace (一个包括关于人类周围事物、影响个体和社会组织所有方面的概念。欧盟把环境定义为"复杂的交互关系拼凑的设置、个体或者组织生活的周围事物、条件的本身和它的感觉的元素组合体"。环境包括建筑环境、自然环境和所有自然资源，包括空气、土地和水。它也包括周围的工作场所。) |
| 环境保护专业人员组织 | Environmental Careers Organization |
| 环境 保护工程学 | environmental engineering |
| 环境运行条件的模拟工程 | environmental engineering |
| 环境模拟科学 | environmental engineering science |
| 对周围环境的适应性 | environmental compatibility |
| 环境不友好工厂 | environmentally unfriendly firm Firms that do not comply with environmental regulations for the disposal of noxious wastes generated during the production cycle (在产品生产周期不遵守环境条例，违规处理生产产生的有毒废料工厂。) |
| 环境与工程地球物理学会 | Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society |
| 加拿大环境与能源部 | Ministry of Environment and Energy |
| 环境中的化学物质 | chemical in the environment The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment (由一个化学过程释放的任何固体、液体或者气体在环境中的存在，这些物质可能对人体健康和环境有害。) |
| 环境主义 | environmentalism 1. Concern for the environment and its protection. 2. Theory emphasizing the primary influence of the environment on the development of groups or individuals. It stresses the importance of the physical, biological, psychological, or cultural environment as a factor influencing the structure or behaviour of animals, including humans. In politics, this has given rise in many countries to Green Parties, which aim to " Preserve the planet and its people" (1. 关注环境及其保护 2. 强调个体或团体发展对环境的影响的理论。它着重强调了物理，生物，心理或文化环境作为一种因素影响动物包括人类的结构和行为这一观点的重要性。在政治上，这已经引起许多国家绿党的兴起，他们旨在"保护地球和它的人民"。) |
| 美国环境事务局 | Environmental Services Agency |
| 环境事故 | environmental accident An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, with the potential for harming the ecosystem or natural resources (可能危害生态系统或自然资源的突发事件、食物或损失。) |
| 环境企业 | environmental enterprise Organisations that are specialized in providing advice on environmental matters, for example investigation and remediation of potentially polluted land, water and air, and in the evaluation of environmental impacts; they employ professionals with the qualifications of engineering, geology, chemistry, hydrogeology, landscaping, environmental economics, etc. (一种专门为环境问题提供建议的组织，例如调查和补救潜在的土壤、水、空气污染以及进行环境影响评估。聘请具有工程学、地质学、化学、水文地质、景观美化以及环境经济学方面的专家等。) |
| 环境优先权 | environmental priority |
| 环境会计账 | environmental accounting |
| 环境伦理 | environmental ethics An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being (反应对环境的承诺与责任的一种生态意识和道德，包括植物、动物以及现在、未来世代的人类，它的导向促成人类社会与人类赖以生存发展的自然世界和谐发展。) |
| 环境保护 | environmental protection Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources (防止环境破坏和退化的措施和控制，包括环境中生命资源的永续性。) |
| 环境保护英 | Environmental Conservation |
| 环境保护 | house keeping |
| 环境保护 | environmental conservation Efforts and activities to maintain and sustain those attributes in natural and urban environments which are essential both to human physical and mental health and to enjoyment of life (维护和保持为人类身心健康、愉快生活所必须的自然和都市环境的努力和活动。) |
| 环境保护协会 | environmental protection association Associations whose object resides in the protection of natural environment (目标在于保护自然环境的协会。) |
| 环境保护基金 | environment defense fund |
| 美环境保护委员会 | Environmental Protection Agency |
| 英国环境保护委员会 | Committee for Environmental Conservation |
| 美国环境保护局 | Environmental Protection Agency |
| 美国环境保护局 | Environmental Conservation Board |
| 环境保护工程技术 | environmental engineering |
| 美国环境保护工程师协会 | Institute of Environmental Engineers |
| 环境保护建议 | environmental protection advice Consultations or recommendations given as a guide of action regarding the preservation of ecological integrity and the defense or shelter of natural resources (对于健全生态系统与保护自然资源的行动方针所给予的咨询与建议。) |
| 环境保护成本 | environmental protection cost The amount of money incurred in the preservation, defense, or shelter of natural resources (自然资源保护、防护或庇护所引起的货币支出量。) |
| 环境保护技术 | environmental protection technology |
| 环境保护技术 | environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process (一种结合预防污染来达到环境目标的要求的工艺。不同于后处理控制在晚期才被引入，环境控制策略在该过程的早期就被引入，它提高了该过程的经济性和技术性。) |
| 环境保护指令 | environmental protection order |
| 环境保护机关 | environmental protection organisation A government agency, committee or group that is responsible for preserving and safeguarding ecological or natural resources (政府机构、委员会或组织，责任是保存与保护生态或自然资源。) |
| 环境保护油砂处理系统 | Environmental Protection Oil Sands System |
| 环境保护法规 | environmental protection regulation A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem (政府或管理部门为保护自然资源和防止生态破坏或退化所制定的规则。) |
| 环境保护研究所 | Environmental Protection Research Institute |
| 环境保护计划 | environmental protection program |
| 美国环境保护部 | Department of Environmental Conservation |
| 环境信息 | environmental information Knowledge communicated or received concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within it or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life (与各种生态系统的内涵、自然资源或者围绕和影响人类人类生活的外部因素有关的或从中取得的知识。) |
| 美国环境信息委员会 | Comission of Environment Information |
| 环境信息技术 | environmental information technology |
| 环境信息管理系统 | environmental information management system |
| 环境信息系统 | environment information system |
| 环境信息系统 | environmental information system A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange data or knowledge concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life (协调和整合人、设备以及其他资源以用于有关生态系统、自然资源或人类周围影响人类生活的外部因素的资料或信息系统。) |
| 环境信息网络 | environmental information network A system of interrelated persons and devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge concerning natural resources, human health and other ecological matters (通过不同的人或者设备的连接，提供有关于自然资源、人类监控以及其他的生态资料或知识的交流。) |
| 环境健康 | environmental health The art and science of the protection of good health, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical and radiological hazards (维护良好健康的技术和科学，透过控制环境中有益因子来预防疾病、伤害和潜在的物理、生物、化学与放射性危害。) |
| 环境健康危害 | environmental health hazard Any physical, chemical or other agent capable of causing harm to the interrelationship between humans and the surrounding external conditions, threatening both human well-being and ecological integrity (任何会导致伤害人类和外在环境的相互关系，危害人类健康与生态健全的物理的、化学的或其他的因素。) |
| 环境、健康和安全 | environment, health and safty |
| 环境、健康、安全与社会经济的 | environment, health, safety and socio-economic |
| 环境健康工程 | environmental health engineering |
| 环境健康影响评估 | environmental health impact assessment Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population (人类行为对于特定族群健康状况的影响评估。) |
| 环境公共卫生 | environmental sanitation |
| 环境公民权 | environmental citizenship The state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment (被视为生态系统成员而具有服务权和责任的个人地位、特性或者行为，特别是保持生态完整性与生存与健康环境的权利。) |
| 环境冲击 | environmental impact Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration (因为某活动或某系列活动而导致或诱发任何可能有利、有害的环境状态的改变，或者新的环境的建立。) |
| 美国环境净化与责任条例 | Environmental Clean up and Responsibilities Act |
| 环境准则 | environmental criterion Standards of physical, chemical or biological (but sometimes including social, aesthetic, etc.) components that define a given quality of an environment (定义环境质量所需的物理、化学或生物(有时候包括社会、美学等)组成成分的标准。) |
| 环境分析 | environmental analysis No definition needed (无需定义) |
| 环境分析员 | environmental analyst |
| 环境动态参考点 | environmental performance reference point |
| 环境动态指示器 | environmental performance indicator |
| 环境动机 | environmental incentive |
| 环境化学 | environmental chemistry Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment (关于污染物产生进入环境后所经历的物理、化学和生化程序的科学。) |
| 环境化学品法规 | environmental chemicals legislation |
| 环境医学 | environmental medicine The art and science of the protection of good health, the promotion of aesthetic values, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical, and radiological hazards (透过控制积极的环境因素和减少潜在的物理、无、化学和放射性危害的方法来保护良好健康、提升审美价值、避免疾病与伤害的艺术与科学。) |
| 环境协调委员会 | Environmental Coordination Board |
| 环境卫生保护 | environmental health protection Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem (为减少生态系统中的污染物或其他威胁人类健康危害的风险所设计的测量或装置。) |
| 环境危害物 | environmental hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to the ecosystem or natural resources (能够导致危害生态系统或自然资源的物理或化学物质。) |
| 环境危险物质 | environmentally dangerous substance Substance that causes undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of human or other living organisms (对空气，水或土地的物理，化学，生物属性造成不良影响的物质。他们能对人类或其他有生命机体的健康，生存和活动造成有害影响。) |
| 环境历史 | environmental history A systematic and chronological account of past events and conditions relating to the ecosystem, its natural resources or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life (有系统的、按年代次序记载的历史事件和情况，涉及生态系统、自然资源或者人类周围影响人类生活的外部因素。) |
| 环境及海洋医学科学研究所 | Institute of Environment and Offshore Medicine |
| 环境友好 | environment friendly Human activities, enterprises or products that reinforce rather than undermine the integrity of the ecosystem (人类活动、事业或生产能健全强化生态系统而非造成损害。) |
| 环境友好产品 | environmentally friendly product Product that is not harmful to the environment (对环境无害的产品。) |
| 环境友好型采购 | environmental friendly procurement The process of obtaining products and services which are favorably disposed toward the environment (易于被环境接受的生产和服务过程。) |
| 环境友好管理 | environmentally friendly management Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation (采取完整的和保护性的管理实践，旨在减少工业和商业活动对环境的影响。这些实践包括在产品开发周期中的生命周期分析，清洁过程技术和污染最小化度量的引进。) |
| 环境发展 | environmental development The growth, progress or advancement in matters of ecological concern (有关生态方面的成长、进步或提升。) |
| 环境变化 | environmental change Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin (在物种多样性的压力下，生态系统、气候、土壤或者栖息地等发生的变化。) |
| 环境可持续建筑学 | environmental sustainable architecture Environmentally friendly architecture is based on the following five principles: 1. healthful interior environment; 2. energy efficiency; 3. ecologically benign materials; 4. environmental form; 5. good design (环境友好建筑学需要基于以下五点原则：1.健康的内部环境；2.有效使用能用；3.良性生态材料；4.自然环境形式；5.好的设计。) |
| 环境同位素 | environmental isotopes |
| 环境和社会成本/社会的成本 | environmental and social cost |
| 环境和社会成本/社会的成本 | societal cost |
| 环境咨询服务处 | environment consultancy services |
| 环境品质指标 | indicator of environmental quality Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality (评估环境状况的定性定量参数，如评量空气品质或水质。) |
| 环境品质评判标准 | environmental quality criterion Criteria followed in establishing standards for exposure to pollutants and noise, in respect of pesticides, detergents, composition of effluents, discharge of trade wastes, etc. (评判标准遵循已建立的关于污染物和噪音的暴露程度的标准。他们和农药，洗涤剂，废水的组成，工业废料的排放等相关。) |
| 环境噪声 | neighbourhood noise General noise from a local source (such as the noise of a factory) which is disturbing to people living in the area (来自本地的噪音(例如工厂的噪音)给生活在本地区的人们带来干扰。) |
| 环境噪音 | environmental noise The sound and the characteristics of sounds from all sources in the surrounding environment (来自周围环境的污染源的声音和特性。) |
| 环境因素 | site factors |
| 环境因素 | environmental factors |
| 环境地球化学因素 | geogenic factor Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic) (源于土壤，而非源于人(人为)的因素。) |
| 环境基金 | environmental fund Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources (为了生态维护或自然资源的保护、防护或庇护等措施所拨出的财政资源。) |
| 环境声明 | environmental statement eco-audit, Assessment made by a company or organization of the financial benefits and disadvantages to be derived from adopting a more environmentally sound policy (公司或组织对采取一个更可靠环境政策在财政上的利弊做出的评估。) |
| 环境处理不当 | environmental misconduct |
| 环境安全 | environmental security Measures taken or policies instituted to protect and promote the safety of external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism (保护和提高有机体生活、发展和生存的外部环境安全性的措施。) |
| 环境容量 | environmental capacity |
| 环境工业 | environmental industry Industries involved in the development of cleaner technologies, waste and wastewater treatment, recycling processes, biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, noise reduction, and the manufacture of other products having an environment protection purpose (包括发展清洁工艺技术、废物和废水处理、循环程序、生物工艺过程、催化剂、薄膜、脱硫工厂、噪音消除和其他为达到包换环境目的的产品制造工业。) |
| 环境工作 | environmental occupation Gainful employment or job-related activity pertaining to ecological concerns, including the preservation of natural resources and the integrity of the ecosystem (受雇或工作在与生态相关的活动，包含维护自然资源与健全生态系统。) |
| 环境工程 | environmental engineering Branch of engineering concerned with the environment and its proper management. The major environmental engineering disciplines regard water supply, wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, hazardous waste, noise radiology, industrial hygiene, oceanography and the like (工程学的分支，涉及环境及其合适的管理。环境工程的主要内容注重给水、污水、暴雨、固体废弃物、危害性废弃物、噪音辐射、工业卫生及海洋学等。) |
| 环境市场 | environment market |
| 环境平衡 | environmental balance Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria (在相同的基准上，比较环境的成本和效益后对环境影响的研究和评估。) |
| 环境影响单位 | environmental impact unit |
| 环境影响声明 | environment impact statement |
| 美国环境影响报告 | Environment Impact Report |
| 环境影响效果 | effect on the environment Resultant of natural or manmade perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment (自然或者人为的扰动对构成环境的物理、化学或生物组件的影响结果。) |
| 环境影响数据指标 | environmental data index |
| 环境影响评价 | environmental impact assessments |
| 环境影响评估 | environmental impact assessment Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions (对环境的重大进展或方案的临时性和永久性分析与判断。必须考虑社会因果关系和可选行为。) |
| 环境影响评估 | EIA The identification, evaluation and appraisal of the ecological consequences of a proposed project or development in a city, town or region, and the measures needed to minimize adverse effects; local (对都市、城镇、区域所提议的项目或者开发的生态影响，以及将不良后果的影响最小化的方法进行辨别、评估和评定。) |
| 环境影响评估指令 | EIA directive Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). The Directive applies to projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue of their nature, size or location (1985年7月27日议会指令，用来评估某公共和私人项目对环境的影响(85/37/EEC)。 该指令应用于对环境可能有显著影响的计划，环境影响则依据公共和私人项目的自然价值、规模或位置。) |
| 环境影响评估法 | EIA law Law concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, based on the EC Directive n. 85/337 (基于EC(欧洲共同体)指令85、337，关于公共或者私人计划对环境影响的评估法规。) |
| 环境影响说明书 | environmental impact statement A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated (一份详细的说明，最大程度的鉴别和分析提出的行动预案对环境的预期影响，并讨论如何减轻不利的影响。) |
| 环境影响调查 | environmental impact study Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures (计划专案展开前对确定的场所状况所进行的调查，用以分析计划可能带来的冲击和可采取的补救措施。) |
| 环境心理学 | environmental psychology A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. (实验心理学的分支，研究行为与其所处环境状况的关系。环境心理学主要侧重于物理环境的影响，因此这方面的许多研究是有关噪音、空气污染、气候变化等的影响。) |
| 环境恶化 | degradation of the environment The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed (环境日益污染、过度开发和破坏的过程。) |
| 环境意外事故规划 | environmental contingency planning The production of an organized, programmatic and coordinated course of action to be followed in the case of some accident, disaster or occurrence threatening an ecosystem and the human health or natural resources within it (在发生可能威胁某生态系统以及其中的人类健康或自然资源的意外事故、灾难或事件时，可以遵循的有组织性、纲领性和协调性行动方针的规划。) |
| 环境意识 | environmental awareness The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and effects. Thinking "ecologically" or in terms of an ecological consciousness (对于生物物理环境以及其问题的意识、理解和认知的提升与发展，包括人类的互动和影响。以"生态学"的思维或者根据生态意识来思考问题。) |
| 环境成本 | environmental cost Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable (某企业、整体社会或者生态系统，为改正一些违反生态完整性状况，在没有人或者企业为此承担法律责任时而实施的某种计划所产生的费用。) |
| 环境成本内在化 | internalisation of external costs The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions (使哪些对生产对环境或社会有不良影响的商品或服务的纳入这样一类知识的过程：其未来的经济决策可能产生不利影响。) |
| 环境成本内部化 | internalisation of environmental costs |
| 环境战争 | environmental warfare The direct manipulation or destruction of ecological resources as either a political threat or for actual military advantage (对生态资源进行直接破坏或者操纵，用于政治威胁或为了实际军事优势。) |
| 环境技术 | environmental technology |
| 美国空军环境技术应用中心 | Environmental Technical Applications Center |
| 环境投资 | environmental investment Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of benefitting the environment (以环境利益为目的而持有的证券，用利息和红利作为收入的形式。) |
| 环境报告 | environmental report An account or statement, usually in writing, describing in detail events, situations or conditions pertaining to the ecosystem, its natural resources or any of the external factors surrounding and affecting human life (一份说明或者声明，通常是书面形式，详细描述了和生态系统相关的事件、情况或者状况，自然资源或者围绕和影响人类生命的外在因素。) |
| 环境指标 | environmental indicator A measurement, statistic or value that provides a proximate gauge or evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment (一种测量、统计或数值用以提供环境管理方案影响或者环境现况、状态的度量以及证据。) |
| 环境损害 | environmental damage Harm done to the environment, e.g. loss of wetlands, pollution of rivers, etc. (对环境造成的危害，如湿地的消失、河流的污染等。) |
| 环境控制 | environmental control Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. (通过政策对有关废弃物控制、人为环境改善、遗址价值保护、国家公园和保护区、动植物保护区、森林和景观保留设置等方面的环境保护。) |
| 环境控制技术 | environment control technology |
| 环境控制监视器 | environmental control monitor |
| 美国环境控制管理局 | Environmental Control Administration |
| 环境控制系统 | environmental control system |
| 环境推测 | theory of the environment A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system (基于观察的结构化模拟或解释、实验和推理，寻求证明，描述或解释行为和总的围绕某一特定系统条件的相互作用。) |
| 环境政策 | environmental policy Official statements of principles, intentions, values, and objective which are based on legislation and the governing authority of a state and which serve as a guide for the operations of governmental and private activities in environmental affairs (基于法律和政府权责的准则、决心、价值和目标的正式声明，被用为政府和私人活动间环境事务处理的一种向导。) |
| 美国环境保护署环境政策中心 | Environmental Policy Center |
| 环境政策手段 | environmental policy instrument Technological, economical and legislative measures employed to prevent or control pollution or damage of the environment (用来防止或控制污染及环境灾害的技术、经济、和法律手段。) |
| 环境效应和标定设施 | environment effect and calibration facility |
| 环境教学 | environmental teaching Instruction, training or the imparting of knowledge about the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of organisms, including potential dangers to the ecosystem and the means to maintain its integrity (操作指南，训练或者传授有关外界条件影响有机物生命、 发展和生存的知识。还包括生态系统的潜在危险以及保持它完整性的方法。) |
| 环境教育 | environmental education The educational process that deals with the human interrelationships with the environment and that utilizes an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach with value clarification. Concerned with education progress of knowledge, understanding, attitudes, skills, and commitment for environmental problems and considerations. The need for environmental education is continuous, because each new generation needs to learn conservation for itself (有关人类和环境相互关系的教育过程，使用跨领域知识解决问题的方法并强调价值观。有关解决环境问题所需的知识、理解、态度、技能和责任的教育过程。每个新生代都需要学会保护自己的环境，因此对环境教育的需求是不间断的。) |
| 环境数据 | environmental data Information concerning the state or condition of the environment (有关环境状态或状况的信息。) |
| 环境数据资料和信息服务 | environmental data and information service |
| 环境数据服务中心 | Environmental Data Service (NOAA 'More) |
| NOAA 环境数据服务中心 | Environmental Data Service |
| 环境文化 | environmental culture The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life (一个社会要维护或保护自然资源、生态系统和其他影响人类生活的外部条件时，所需要的学习行为、态度、实践和知识。) |
| 环境术语 | environmental terminology The vocabulary of technical terms and usage appropriate to community, corporate, governmental and other groups concerned with protecting natural resources, preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and safeguarding human health (技术词语的词汇表以及对于社区，组织，政府和其他团体合适的用法。与保护自然资源，保持生态系统完整性及保卫人类健康相关。) |
| 环境样本库 | environmental specimen bank Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose (特定样本(鱼，河蚌，奶，土壤样本和人体组织等)存储而不允许分解的地方。) |
| 美国国家天气服务中心环境模拟中心 | Environmental Modeling Center (NWS [National Weather Service] Center) |
| 环境模拟器 | environmental simulator |
| 环境比例因子 | environmental scale factor |
| 环境污染英 | Environmental Pollution |
| 环境污染 | environmental pollution The introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference with legitimate uses of the environment (指人类在环境物质和能量中引起的对人类健康的损害、对生活资源和生态系统的伤害、对结构或者利益的损害或者与合法使用环境的冲突。) |
| 环境污染控制 | controls for environmental pollution |
| 环境法 | environmental law A wide spectrum of options from binding "hard" laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to "soft" laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources (结合了从像国际协议与国家立法这样的"硬性"法规到涵括导引原则、履行与程序建议及标准等这样的"软性"法规的一种选择范围广泛的法律。环境法试图调解国际上对于土壤退化、海洋污染或不可再生资源耗损等等特定问题的关注焦点。) |
| 环境法令 | environmental legislation Branch of law relating to pollution control; national parks, wildlife, fauna and flora, wilderness and biodiversity; environmental and occupational health; environmental planning; heritage conservation and a large number of international conventions relating to the environment (法律的一种，和污染控制、国家公园、动植物生物多样性、环境与职业健康、环境规划、栖息地保护和诸多环境公约相关的法律。) |
| 环境法令执行 | environmental law enforcement Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to those binding rules of a state that have been promulgated to safeguard ecological integrity, preserve natural resources and protect human health (为了督促承诺和履行保护生态健全、保护自然安全和人类健康所公布的规章的各种行动。) |
| 环境津贴 | environmental subsidy Payment by a government to assist or improve performance regarding ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources (政府为帮助或者改善为生态的维护，或者自然资源的保护效能所付的款。) |
| 环境测试鉴定总公司 | Environmental Testing and Certification Corp. |
| 环境温度变化范围 | ambient temperature range |
| 环境犯罪 | environmental crime Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (指不利于环境的非法行为，例如水污染、有害废弃物处置、空气污染、未经允许的设厂或油品泄漏等。) |
| 环境犯罪法 | environmental criminal law The aggregate of statutory enactments pertaining to actions or instances of ecological negligence deemed injurious to public welfare or government interests and legally prohibited (有关被视为危害大众福利或政府利益以及法律上被禁止等生态疏忽行为或实例的法定条文集。) |
| 环境状况报告 | report on the state of the environment A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region (指定地区的生态系统和自然资源情况和完善程度的书面说明。通常由政府官员或负责保护该地区人民健康和环境的单位提供。) |
| 环境状况数据 | data on the state of the environment No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 环境的外部性 | ecosystem externality |
| 环境的外部性 | environmental externality |
| 环境监控 | environmental monitoring Periodic and/or continued measuring, evaluating, and determining environmental parameters and/or pollution levels in order to prevent negative and damaging effects to the environment. Also include the forecasting of possible changes in ecosystem and/or the biosphere as a whole (为了防止对环境负面和不好的影响而进行的周期或者持久的测量、评估和对环境参数、污染等级的决定。包括对生态系统或整个生物圈可能变化的预见。) |
| 环境监测 | environmental monitoring |
| 环境监测与报警系统 | environmental monitoring and warning system |
| 环境目标 | environmental target Environmental elements of recognized importance which can be modified by the completion of a project (已被认识到重要性的环境元素，他们会因为工程的完成而被修改。) |
| 环境相关疾病 | environmentally related disease |
| 环境相容性 | environmental compatibility Condition of products or projects of having a reduced impact or burden on the natural environment (可降低对自然环境的影响或负荷的计划或产品条件。) |
| 环境知觉 | environmental perception An intuitive recognition or understanding of the ecosystem and its natural resources, often based on human experiences or cultural attitudes or beliefs (在人类经验、文化态度或信仰基础上，对生态系统及自然资源的直觉认知或理解。) |
| 环境研究 | environmental study A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives (申请者提交的支持项目的文档。文档确认了项目的环境影响和其他可行方案。) |
| 环境研究实验室 | Environmental Research Laboratory |
| 美国环境研究所 | Institute for Environment Research |
| 加拿大环境研究顾问委员会 | Environmental Research Advisory Committee |
| 环境破坏 | environmental damage |
| 环境破坏 | environmental vandalism |
| 环境科学 | environmental science The interdisciplinary study of environmental problems, within the framework of established physical and biological principles, i.e. oriented toward a scientific approach (基于已经建立的生物学和物理学原理，对环境问题进行跨学科研究。也就是以科学方法为方向。) |
| 美国环境科学与工程委员会 | Council for Environmental Science and Engineering |
| 美国环境科学服务局 | Environmental Science Services Administration |
| 美国环境科学研究协作研究所 | Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences |
| 美国环境科学研究所 | Institute of Environmental Sciences |
| 环境程序 | environmental programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to protect natural or ecological resources and advocate for ecological progress (具有活跃性和程序性的组织，一般由政府中介或者非营利性组织运行，用来保护自然的和生态学的资源并且提倡生态进步。) |
| 环境税 | environmental taxes An amount of money demanded by a government to finance clean-up, prevention, reduction, enforcement or educational efforts intended to promote ecological integrity and the conservation of natural resources (为了支持改善生态完整性和自然资源的保护，政府展开资金清理、防范、减少、加强或者教育投入等措施而征收的资金。) |
| 环境税 | environmental tax (为了支持改善生态完整性和自然资源的保护，政府展开资金清理、防范、减少、加强或者教育投入等措施而征收的资金。) |
| 环境稳定性 | environmental stability |
| 环境稽核 | environmental auditing An assessment of the nature and extent of any harm or detriment, or any possible harm or detriment, that may be inflicted on any aspect of the environment by any activity process, development programme, or any product, chemical, or waste substance. Audits may be designed to: verify or otherwise comply with environmental requirements; evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental management systems; assess risks generally; or assist in planning for future improvements in environment protection and pollution control (在活动过程、发展方案或任何产品、化学物质、废弃物会对环境造成的可能危害或损伤所进行的评估。审计可以用来：证实或符合环境需求；评价现在环境管理系统的效果；评估风险或协助未来环境保护和污染控制的规划。) |
| 环境立法信息系统 | Environmental Legislation Information System |
| 环境立法程序 | environmental legislative process The systematic course of proceedings in which a bill that would preserve or protect ecological resources may be enacted as a law (可以保护或保存生态资源的法案被制定成为法律的会议系统性程序。) |
| 环境管理 | environmental management Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations (针对环境保育、合理以及永续性的自然资源分配和使用、社会与环境之间互动的最佳化以及现在和未来时代的人类福祉的改善所进行的方法与控制。) |
| 美国环境管理协会 | Environmental Management Association |
| 环境管理指标 | indicator of environmental management |
| 环境管理系统 | environment management system |
| 环境管理系统规范 | Environmental Management System-Specification |
| 环境管理计划 | environmental management plan |
| 环境系统研究所 | Environmental System Research Institute |
| 环境索引 | environmental index An index of available environmental articles from 1972 to present; also known as Environmental Abstract Annual (自1972年迄今，可用的环境文章索引，也称为环境摘要年报。) |
| 环境紧张 | environmental anxiety |
| 环境经济学 | environmental economics A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development (经济学学科中的一个专业领域，包括污染控制和环境保护问题，其中的成本与效益难以估计，大部分议题超出了竞争性市场体系范围。然而，它正是一个需要将大量公共财产资源合理分配以求大众福利的领域。 主题也需要考虑到此种合理分配的方法与策略，例如对空气污染以及废水污染排放的收费、废弃物处理会处置使用收费、环境税、产品收费、押金退款、污染排放交易权、绩效公债、自然资源的会计决算以及可持续发展的经济意义。) |
| 环境经济议题 | environmental economy issue A matter of public importance involving both a community's or a country's management of financial resources and its protection of natural resources (指有关于一个国家或社会的财政资源管理或自然资源保护的重要公共事务。) |
| 环境经济评估 | environmental economic valuation The assessment, evaluation, or appraisal of business performance in matters involving ecology and finances (涉及生态和财政的商业绩效评估、评量或评价。) |
| 环境结果 | environmental consequence Resultant of natural or man-made perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment (由于自然或人为的扰动对构成环境的物理、化学或生物成分的影响结果。) |
| 环境统计 | environmental statistics No definition needed (无需定义) |
| 环境绩效 | environmental performance |
| 环境维护 | maintenance of environment No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 环境罪行 | environmental criminality Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (指不利于环境的非法行为，例如水污染、有害废弃物处置、空气污染、未经允许的设厂或油品泄漏等。) |
| 环境联络委员会 | Environment Liaison Board |
| 美国得克萨斯州环境能源服务中心 | Environmental Energy Services |
| 环境行政管理机关 | environmental administration institution A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources (中央政府中具有监督政府有关生态系统或自然资源维持与保护行动权利的组织。) |
| 环境表征研究 | environmental characterization study |
| 环境表现 | environmental performance |
| 环境观 | concept of environment The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity (在一般概念层次上的环境生态系统的任何阶段，以及其与人类生命的基本关系和保持其完整性需求方面的发展。) |
| 环境观测卫星 | environmental survey satellite |
| 环境规划 | environmental planning The identification of desirable objectives for the physical environment, including social and economic objectives, and the creation of administrative procedures and programmes to meet those objectives (确立物理环境中令人满意的目标，包括社会与经济目标以及为了完成这些目标所确立的管理程序和方案。) |
| 联合国环境规划管理委员会 | Governing Council for Environmental Program |
| 环境计划 | environmental plan A formulated or systematic method for the protection of natural or ecological resources (用公式或者系统表达保护自然或生态资源的的方法。) |
| 环境训练 | environmental training Teaching of specialists and qualified workers who acquire knowledge and skills necessary to solve environmental problems (对那些需要获取知识和技能和以便解决环境问题的专家和合格的工人的培训。) |
| 环境许可 | environmental approval |
| 环境许可 | environmental licence A governmental license or grant that allows and regulates an enterprise's discharge of air pollutants, typically from a commercial or industrial plant (政府允许和管理企业空气污染物的排放执照或许可，而别是对商业或者工业厂址。) |
| 环境证券交易 | environmental stock exchange The buying, selling, or exchanging of ecological commodities (购买，售卖和交换生态产品。) |
| 环境评价 | environment al assessment |
| 环境评估 | environmental assessment The evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources (对生态或自然资源的评价或者评估。) |
| 环境评估准则 | environmental assessment criterion Principle or standard for the evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources (对生态或自然资源评价或者评估的原则或标准。) |
| 环境调查 | environmental research The study of the environment and its modifications caused by human activities (关于环境和由于人类活动发生的环境变化研究。) |
| 环境负责行为 | environmentally responsible behaviour |
| 环境责任 | environmental liability The penalty to be paid by an organization for the damage caused by pollution and restoration necessary as a result of that damage, whether by accidental spillages from tankers, industrial waste discharges into waterways or land, or deliberate or accidental release of radioactive materials (某个组织为其产生的污染所造成的破坏以及必要的恢复工作所应负担的罚款。包括油轮意外泄漏、排放工业废弃物到河道、土地或者有意无意的放射性物质弃置等行为。) |
| 环境质量 | environmental quality Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to: varied characteristics such as air and water purity or pollution, noise, access to open space, and the visual effects of buildings, and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health (当环境作用于人类或其它有机体时的整体性或局部性的特性与特征。环境质量是一般性的名词，意指各种特征，诸如空气和水的纯度或污染程度，进入开放空间的噪音，建筑物的视觉影响以及这些特征对身心健康所造成的潜在影响。) |
| 埃克森公司环境质量保障计划 | Environment Quality Assurance Program |
| 美国环境质量委员会 | Council on Environmental Quality |
| 环境质量指数 | index of environmental quality |
| 环境质量标准 | environment quality standards |
| 环境质量标准 | environmental quality standard Normative documents and guidelines for determining the degree of environmental conditions and requirements to avoid negative and damaging effects, influences, and consequences (规范化的文档和指导方针，用来决定环境条件和需求的程度，用以避免负面的和毁坏性的影响和后果。) |
| 环境质量目标 | environment quality objectives |
| 环境质量目标 | environmental quality objective |
| 环境质量研究所 | Institute for Environmental Quality |
| 环境资源管理集团 | Environmental Resources Management Group |
| 环境资讯学 | environmental informatics Science and techniques of data elaboration and of computer processing of information concerning ecosystems and ecology (有关生态系统以及生态学的资料解释和信息处理的科学和技术。) |
| 环境遥感中心 | Environmental Remote Sensing Center |
| 环境问题专门委员会 | Special Committee on Problems of the Environment |
| 环境问题总体解决方案 | total environment solutions |
| 环境问题研究所 | Institute for Environmental Studies |
| 环境问题解决 | environmental problem solving The activity of finding solutions for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ecological or natural resources (找寻关于解决生态及自然资源所面临的困扰或麻烦的活动。) |
| 美国环境预测研究设施 | Environmental Prediction Research Facility |
| 环境风险 | environmental risk |
| 环境风险 | environmental risk Likelihood, or probability, of injury, disease, or death resulting from exposure to a potential environmental hazard (由于暴露在潜在环境危害中引起的的伤害，疾病或者死亡的几率或概率。) |
| 环境风险评价 | environmental risk assessment |
| 环境风险评估 | environmental risk assessment Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants (对于由于特定污染物的实际风险或者潜在对环境造成的风险的定性和定量的评估。) |
| 环节动物 | annelid Any worms of the phylum Anellida, in which the body is divided into segments both internally and externally. The group includes the earthworms, lugworm, ragworm, and leeches (环节动物门的动物。 身体内外被分为许多的体节，这个族群包括蚯蚓、海蚯蚓、沙蚕、水蛭。) |
| 生态系统服务/环境服务 | environmental services |
| 生态系统服务/环境服务 | ecosystem services |
| 生活环境 | living environment External conditions or surroundings in which people live or work (人们居住或工作的外部条件或周围环境。) |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 美国石油环境研究基金 | Petroleum Environmental Research Fund |
| 澳大利亚石油工业环境保护执行局 | Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Executive |
| 矿产资源和环境委员会 | Committee on Mineral Resources and the Environment |
| 碳循环 | carbon cycle The cycle of carbon in the biosphere, in which plants convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds that are consumed by plants and animals, and the carbon is returned to the biosphere in inorganic form by processes of respiration and decay (生物圈中的碳循环，在这个循环中，植物将二氧化碳转化成供植物和动物消费的有机化合物，碳元素通过呼吸和衰亡过程以无机物的形式返回到生物圈中。) |
| 南美洲福克兰群岛环境治理工作组 | Falkland Islands Environmental Task Group |
| 美国紧急环境问题研究 | study of critical environmental problems |
| 美国纽约环境保护局 | New York Department of Environmental Conservation |
| 综合环境保护技术 | integrated environmental protection technology Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process (在设计中纳入污染防治观念以符合环境目标的技术。综合环境控制一项工序在初期设计阶段所使用的战略，而不是一个在后续的阶段推出的工序结束时的控制选项，此用来提高工艺/工艺的技术和经济性能。) |
| 综合环境控制 | integrated environmental control |
| 美国综合性环境响应补偿与责任条例 | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act |
| 综合的环境评估 | integrated environmental assessment |
| 综合石油资源和环境服务中心 | Integrated Petroleum Resource and Environmental Services |
| 美国环保署 | environmental protection agency EPA is the US Government's watchdog agency responsible for controlling the pollution of air and water, pesticides, radiation hazards and noise pollution. The agency is also involved in research to examine the effects of pollution (美国环保署监督机构的责任是控制空气与水污染，杀虫剂，辐射危害与噪音污染。该机构也研究污染的影响。) |
| 美国环境保护局 | United States Environment Protection Agency |
| 美国环境和资源委员会 | United States Environment and Resources Council |
| 美国环境委员会 | American Council on the Environment |
| 美国环境学会 | American Academy of Environments |
| 美国环境科学服务局 | US Environmental Science Services Administration |
| 职业健康与工作环境 | occupational health and working environment |
| 职业和环境 | employment and environment Issues or initiatives pertaining to the inter-relationship between ecological concerns and the economics of employment, including sustained, environmentally safe development; the effect of environmental activism on jobs; and the creation of environmental occupations (生态与经济间相互关系的议题或行为，包含持久性的环境安全发展、环境对职业的影响和环保职业的创立。) |
| 联合国环境与发展大会 | UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992 (联合国环境与发展大会，巴西里约热内卢，1992。) |
| 联合国环境规划署 | United Nations Environment Programme |
| 联合国人类环境会议 | United Nations Human Environment Conference |
| 联合国人类环境会议 | United Nations Conference on the Human Environment |
| 联合循环电站 | combined cycle-power station This type of plant is flexible in response and can be built in the 100-600 MW capacity range. It produces electrical power from both a gas turbine (ca. 1300°C gas inlet temperature), fuelled by natural gas or oil plus a steam turbine supplied with the steam generated by the 500°C exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The thermal efficiency of these stations is ca. 50 per cent compared with a maximum of 40 per cent from steam turbine coal fired power stations. This type of plant can be built in two years compared with six years for a coal-fired station and 10-15 years for nuclear (这种发电站反应灵活，可在100-600兆瓦容量范围内兴建。它依靠气体涡轮机(入口温度约1300°C的气体)发电，由500℃所产生的蒸汽供应蒸汽涡轮机，使用天然气或石油天然气废气涡轮气体作为燃料。这些站的热效率大约为-50%，而燃煤蒸汽涡轮机最多只有-40%。这种电站类型可以在两年内建成，同等级的煤电站需要6年，核电站需要10-15年。) |
| 能源环境冲击 | environmental impact of energy Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use (能源和环境问题息息相关，因为若要生产、运输或消耗能量而不造成严重的环境冲击是几乎不可能的。环境问题直接与能源的生产和消耗有关，包含空气污染、水污染、热污染和固废弃置。石化燃料燃烧所产生的空气污染物的排放是主要都市空气污染的原因。各样的水污染问题是与能源使用有关联的。 其中主要的问题是石油泄漏。在所有石油的处理操作中，有可能在土地上或水体中发生泄漏。采煤也会污染水体。采矿作业时改变地下水的水流，使得未污染的水与某种矿物(这些矿物是被土壤所过滤出来的)接触而产生酸性的矿物排放水。固体废弃物也是能源使用后的副产产物。) |
| 能源与环境研究中心 | Center for Energy and Environment Research |
| 脂环族化合物 | alicyclic compound Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties (任何由直链、分支或环状的化学键链接的含有两个或多个相异原子的物质。) |
| 脂环族碳氢化合物 | alicyclic hydrocarbon A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances (仅由碳和氢原子所组成的一环或多环有机化合物，同时具有脂肪族和环状化合物的性质) |
| 自然环境 | natural environment The complex of atmospheric, geological and biological characteristics found in an area in the absence of artifacts or influences of a well developed technological, human culture (在没有人类产品和影响地区出现的大气、地质和生物特征的复合物。) |
| 自然环境保护 | conservation of natural resources |
| 英国自然环境研究委员会 | Natural Environment Research Council |
| 节能与环境保护 | energy conservation and environmental protection |
| 行业环境评估 | sector environmental assessment |
| 观光环境冲击 | environmental impact of tourism Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. (由休闲和观光对环境造成的广泛伤害，包括为建设游客设施而掠夺海岸；污染海洋；移除古迹以建设游客设施、变更农地以建设机场等。) |
| 英国设得兰岛转运油库环境小组 | Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Group |
| 质量、健康、安全和环境 | quality, health, safety and environment |
| 贸易对环境的影响 | trade impact on environment Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures (贸易对环境的影响可以是直接的，如濒危特种、自然资源、自然产品(如热带木材)的贸易。也可以是间接的，如森林砍伐、栖息地丧失和因采矿、能源生产、石油泄漏、全球气候变暖等而引起的污染，以及交通运输基础设施的增加。) |
| 美国路易斯安那州环境质量局 | Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality |
| 运输环境冲击 | environmental impact of transport Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects (运输相关活动对环境的冲击，特别是有关空气污染、噪音污染、人们和商业的迁移、野生栖息地的破坏以及整体发展所导致的影响。) |
| 重新投资与环境恢复法案 | Reinvestment and Environmental Restoration Act |
| 长期环境胁迫 | long-term environmental stress |
| 加拿大阿尔伯塔油砂地区环境研究计划 | Albert Oil Sands Environment Research Program |
| 陆地环境 | terrestrial environment The continental as distinct from the marine and atmospheric environments. It is the environment in which terrestrial organisms live (有别于海洋和大气环境的大陆。它是陆地生物生活的环境。) |
| 零环境影响 | zero environmental impact |
| 非生物环境 | abiotic environment The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate) (环境中无生命成分(例如岩石、矿物质、土地、水和气候)。) |
| 非生物环境条件 | abiotic environmental condition |
| 预测环境浓度 | predicted environment concentration |
| 食品与环境保护条例 | Food and Environment Protection Act |
