| Chinese | English |
| 入海河口 | ocean outfall The mouth or outlet of a river, drain, sewer or any other place at which drainage or wastewater is discharged into a body of oceanic water (河流、排水沟、下水道或排入污水或水到海洋水体中的其它任何地方的开口或出口。) |
| 联合国全球海洋环境污染调査 | global investigation on pollution of marine environment |
| 公大海 | open sea |
| 公海 | open sea The high seas lying outside the exclusive economic zones of states. All states have equal rights to navigate, to overfly, to lay submarine cables, to construct artificial islands, to fish, and to conduct scientific research within the high seas (超出了国家专属经济区的外海。所有国家都有平等的权利去航行、飞越、铺设海底电缆、建设人工岛屿、捕鱼，并可在公海进行科研。) |
| 公海石油回收系统 | high seas oil-recovery system |
| 公共航海范围 | public maritime domain eas or ocean areas owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations (属于国家的海洋范围，而不是个人或公司的。) |
| 美国净化墨西哥海湾联合体 | Clean Gulf Associates |
| 出入海洋 | access to the sea |
| 化学海洋学 | chemical oceanography |
| 欧洲北海环境会议 | Environment Northern Seas |
| 北极与海洋飘油防治方案 | Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Prog ram |
| 美国加利福尼亚州南海岸空气质量管制区 | South Coast Air Quality Management District |
| 危险海区 | foul water |
| 国际海洋污染会议 | International Conference on Marine Pollution |
| 国际海洋环境工程会议 | International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment |
| 地中海 | Mediterranean Sea The largest inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia, linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar, including the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas, and major islands such as Sicily, Sardina, Corsica, Crete, Malta and Cyprus (位于欧洲、非洲和亚洲之间的最大的内陆海，其西部由直布罗陀海峡连接到大西洋,包括伊特鲁里亚海、亚得里亚海、爱琴海及尼亚爱奥尼亚海及主要岛屿西西里岛、科西嘉岛、克里特岛、马耳他和塞浦路斯。) |
| 地中海地区 | Mediterranean Area The collective islands and countries of the inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia that is linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar and includes the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas (位于欧洲、非洲和亚洲间的内陆海的一些岛屿和国家,其西部由直布罗陀海峡连接到大西洋,包括伊特鲁里亚海、亚得里亚海、爱琴海及尼亚爱奥尼亚海。) |
| 地中海地区油污清除中心 | Mediterranean Regional Oil Combating Center |
| 地中海木材 | Mediterranean wood A plant formation found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly lowgrowing, xerophilous evergreen trees and shrubs. It results mainly from the deterioration of the original vegetation by grazing and burning (在地中海地区发现的植物形式，主要由低矮的、适旱的常绿乔木和灌木组成,这是由于放牧和燃烧引起的原始植被恶化所造成。) |
| 地中海森林 | Mediterranean forest Type of forest found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly xerophilous evergreen trees (位于地中海地区的森林类型，主要包括适旱的常绿树木。) |
| 地中海气候 | Mediterranean climate A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate (一种气候特点,夏季炎热干燥、冬季多雨,基本上,这是相反的季风气候。也称为季风气候。) |
| 地中海玛基群落 | Mediterranean macchia |
| 地震的海浪 | seismic sea wave A large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where submarine earthquakes occur. Although in the open ocean the wave height may be less than one meter it steepens to hights of 15 metres or more on entering shallow coastal water. The wavelength in the open ocean is of the order of 100 to 150 km and the rate of travel of a seismic sea wave is between 640 and 960 km/h (很大的地震引起的海浪，会在海岸地区摧毁很多房屋，特别是当发生海底地震时。尽管大部分海域，海浪的高度可能低于一米，但当它进入狭窄的海岸流域，海浪会升高到15米或更高。在开阔的海域，海浪的宽度是100到150公里，地震引起的海浪传播速度是640到960公里每小时之间。) |
| 基于陆地的海洋污染 | land-based marine pollution |
| 大型海洋生态系统 | large marine ecosystem |
| 大型海藻 | macrophyte A large macroscopic plant, used especially of aquatic forms such as kelp (variety of large brown seaweed which is a source of iodine and potash) (一种大型宏观植物，通常以水生形式存在，如海带(大型褐色海藻是碘和钾的来源)。) |
| 排人海中 | sea disposal |
| 政府间海事咨询组织 IMCO规范 | IMCO code CK!; Codes published by Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) relating to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution (由政府间海事咨询机构(IMCO)颁布的尤其是关于安全和海洋污染方面的国际海运规范。) |
| 有关节类；关节海百合类亚纲 | Articulata Animals characterized by the repetition of similar segments (metameres), exhibited especially by arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates in early embryonic stages and in certain specialized adult structures (相似组成部分重复出现的动物，主要包括节肢动物，环节动物，以及胚胎期的脊椎动物和某些专门的成年结构。) |
| 气象学、海洋学和水文学交互信息和处理系统国际会议 | International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing System for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology |
| 沐浴用海水 | bathing seawater Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters (可被用来进行沐浴的海水，这些水必须满足一定质量标准，包括化学成分，微生物以及其他物理参数方面。) |
| 河口海洋学 | estuarine oceanography The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water (对在半封闭海岸水体的物理，化学，生物和地理特性的研究。该水体可以自由连通到海洋，此处的海水被淡水显著稀释。) |
| 沿海区 | coastal area The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone (陆地和沿着海岸线以及通过破浪带向海的海面组成的区域。) |
| 沿海地区规划 | coastal zone planning The objective of coastal management and planning is the preservation of coastal resources whilst simultaneously satisfying the sometimes conflicting interests and requirements of protection, development, usage and conservation (海岸管理和规划的目标是在保护海岸资源，同时满足一些如保护、发展、使用及保存的冲突性利益与需求。) |
| 沿海开发 | coastal development Concentration of human settlements, infrastructures and economical activities along the coasts, being these areas very favourable for trade, communication and marine resources exploitation; the impact of the accelerated population growth and of the industrial and touristic development in these areas has caused the disruption of the ecological integrity of the coastal zones (沿着海岸的人类住区、基础设施和经济活动的集中，在这些地区进行贸易、通讯和海洋资源开发非常有利。这些地区的人口加速增加和工业旅游业开发所造成的影响，已经导致了沿海地区的生态整合的破坏。) |
| 沿海捕鱼 | coastal fishing Fishing in an area of the sea next to the shoreline (在靠近海岸线的海域捕鱼。) |
| 沿海水域 | coastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats (沿海水域的一般特点是较浅的大陆架，缓慢地向海洋方向倾斜至大陆坡，随后相对突然下倾到深海。沿海水域接近陆地也影响了其水流循环。在淡水流入的区域附近，近岸环流受密度影响而改变。沿海水域目前面临众多因素所引起的严重环境压力，包括污染和海洋栖息地的破坏和退化。) |
| 沿海环境 | coastal environment The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats (陆地与海洋的交界区域。沿海环境包括受潮汐影响的湿地、海口、海湾、近岸浅水区、红树林沼泽和近岸的珊瑚礁系。这些地区的重要生境是：养育、繁殖、培育和休息区域。世界各地的沿海地区都面临着巨大的环境压力，由很多因素引起，包括污染和海洋栖息地的破坏和恶化。) |
| 沿海的生态系统 | coastal ecosystem Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings (以沿海陆地边缘(海岸线)和海拔100-200 m以下的大陆架为边界的海洋环境。从生态学的观点看，沿海区划定等级，从受连接的陆地和沿岸河流和河口的输入影响的浅水深，到海洋作用起主导地位的大陆架坡折。在这些与海岸线和近岸水域的水体相关联的独特的海洋生态系统中，水生物主要是海藻群落、珊瑚礁和涌升流。) |
| 海上防止溢油行动计划 | marine oil spill action plan |
| 海上事故责任 | liability for marine accidents Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea (服从法定的义务，诸如在近海或者海上区域进行商业或者生产活动中，对人类、财产、环境造成破坏的，要承担经济赔偿或者生态补偿。) |
| 海上泄漏处理公司 | Marine Spill Response Corp. |
| 海上石油钻探 | offshore oil drilling The act or process of extracting petroleum from deposits underlying the floor of the ocean or some other large body of water (从海洋或其它一些大的水体层底部沉积物开采石油的行为或过程。) |
| 海上航行 | maritime navigation Travelling on the sea by means of boats, ships, etc. (通过舰艇、船舶等方式在海上行进。) |
| 海上运输 | maritime transport Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea (货物或人员通过海上行驶的船舶进行的运输。) |
| 海事法 | maritime law That system of law which particularly relates to marine commerce and navigation, to business transacted at sea or relating to navigation, to ships and shipping, to seamen, to the transportation of persons and property by sea, and to marine affairs generally (一项法律制度，特别指涉及到所有的海上贸易和航行、海上交易的或与航行有关的业务、船舶和航运、海员、人员和财产的海上运输、海洋事务。) |
| 海关条例 | customs regulation A body of rules or orders generally issued by the executive authority of a government to establish and direct the taxes, duties or tariffs payable upon merchandise exported or imported (通常由政府行政主管机关颁布，并用以建立和指导税收或进出口商品关税支付的一系列法规或命令的主体。) |
| 海岸 | seashore The zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water-line to where there is marked change in material or physiographic form or to the line of permanent vegetation (松散物质的地区，从低水位向在物质或地形学的上有很大变化的地区或永久的植物线扩展。) |
| 海岸 | coast A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water (陆地与海洋或其他大片水域的交界线或者区域。) |
| 海岸侵蚀 | coastal erosion The gradual wearing away of material from a coast by the action of sea water (在海水的作用下，海岸物质的逐渐流失。) |
| 海岸地带原油泄漏 | coastal zone oil spill |
| 海岸污染 | coastal pollution The presence, release or introduction of polluting substances in or onto the seashore or the land near it (污染物存在、释出或注入海岸或沿海土地的现象。) |
| 海岸管理 | coastal management Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments (通过规划、预先批准作业、禁止某些活动、物理结构和复原措施等方式以保护海岸线免受自然、偶发性及无计划开发的破坏。) |
| 海岸线清洁评估小组 | shoreline cleanup assessment team |
| 海岸防卫队 | coastguard A maritime force which aids shipping, saves lives at sea, prevents smuggling, etc. It also responds to emergencies involving oil spills and other discharges at sea and takes the lead in enforcing the law, including assessing penalties for environmental violations (其任务为帮助运输、海上救援、防止走私等。也包括应对紧急事故，如海上漏油及其他污染物的排放，以及主导执法，包括评估环境破坏的罚责。) |
| 海岸防护 | coast protection A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters (环境管理的一种形式，目的是减轻海岸侵蚀过程中土地的进步退化。进行海洋防护工作，可以用来保护土地不受大海侵蚀以及抵抗洪水。包括工程解决方法，例如防波堤、海堤、隔离壁、护岸墙和防波板。) |
| 海岸防污染联合公司 | Coastal Anti-pollution League Ltd. |
| 海平面 | sea level The level of the surface of the ocean; especially, the mean level halfway between high and low tide, used as a standard in reckoning land elevation or sea depths (海洋表面的水平面；特别的，在高潮和低潮之间的平面，用作估计地面高度或海的深度的标准。) |
| 海平面上升 | rising sea level Sea level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the ocean increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. By the year 3000, the seas could rise between one and two metres. Such an event would clearly threaten low-lying areas, particularly in Asia, where million of people live and farm on river deltas and flood plains (全球变暖导致海平面上升。随着海洋中的水量的增加、水温的升高，全球变暖将进一步加剧。此外，理论研究表明，两极地区的升温会减少冰川和冰盖的数量。到3000年，海平面将上升1到2米。这将会影响低洼地区，特别是亚洲，那里有数百万居民在河口的三角洲地带和冲击平原上生活和耕作。) |
| 海平面升高 | sea level rise Sea-level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the oceans increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps (海平面升高是全球变暖的可能结果。当海洋中自由水总量增加并且水变得更热，全球变暖增加。除此之外，按照理论来说，极点变热会减少在冰川和冰盖中的水量。) |
| 海床 | sea bed The bottom of the ocean. Also known as sea floor; sea bottom. The ocean floor is defined as the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basin (海底。通常叫海地面、海底。海地面定义为大洋盆地几乎水平的表面。) |
| 海底开采 | sea bed exploitation Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals (海洋的矿物资源比现在开采出的多得多；矿物从俩种不同的海洋资源中获得：从构成大陆架的沉积物和从在大陆架表面的近海岸的沉积物。到目前为止，从海里开采出的最有价值的矿物资源是石油。大陆架的表面近海的冲积矿淤积产生金子、白金和锡。从大洋地面的远洋沉淀中找到锰结核；它们是小的、不规则的、黑色或棕色的、易碎的、大量薄片块状的，主要由锰盐和锰氧化物金属组成。) |
| 海底开采 | offshore mining Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast (从距海岸不远的平台进行石油开采。) |
| 海底形态学 | submarine morphology That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them (地质海洋学方面，处理海底的地形特征并试图修改它们。) |
| 海底采矿 | sea bed mining The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor (在大洋地面的活动或操作，包括从表面或表面下开采金属沉积物。) |
| 海循环 | sea circulation Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again (大洋中的大规模的水平的水的流动。通过这种方法可以将保存在海中的来自太阳的能量传到全世界。对水流的解释，例如，为什么英国有在冬天不结冰的港口，然而圣彼得斯堡和设得兰群岛有相同的纬度但需要破冰设备。证据说明世界的大洋环流在上次冰河时代非常不同，并且在很远的过去变化过几次，这对气候有很大影响。大洋像宝藏一样重要，因为它吸收了到达地球的太阳的热量的一大半。这些热量主要是在赤道附近被吸收的，被带到全世界并到处释放。它们产生了持续1000年的水流。当地球旋转和风吹过地面，水流带着热的热带的水到世界的寒冷地区。水流的强度和方向受到陆地、通过狭窄的海峡瓶颈、甚至海床的形状的影响。当热水到了地级附近，它的热量在大气中消失，它的温度降低，密度增加。当海水结冰了，它向未结冰的水中释放盐，冷水下沉到大海中并回流到热带。最后它变热并重新开始循环。) |
| 海拔 | altitude 1. In general, a term used to describe a topographic eminence. 2. A specific altitude or height above a given level. 3. In surveying, the term refers to the angle between the horizontal and a point at a higher level (1. 通常是描述地形高度的名词 2. 高于既定水平的海拔或高度 3. 在测量学中，该术语指水平线和高点之间的角度) |
| 海排水口 | sea outfall The point, location or structure where effluent discharges into a body of marine waters such as a sea, ocean, etc. (一个地点或结构，在这里的排出物被排放到海水中，例如海、大洋等。) |
| 海水 | sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water (以多少的固定比例溶解盐的溶剂，它的组成依赖于几个因素，主要的包括生物、沉积碎屑和相关化学反应。海水有98%的水并覆盖全球70%。因为海洋的组成和稳定性和它们被控制的方式，它们对气候非常重要。人们对海水污染的研究很重视。人们的活动被认为加速了海水组成的变化。) |
| 海水海上，海产 养殖 | mariculture |
| 海水保护 | sea water protection |
| 海水养殖 | mariculture Cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes (在其自然栖息地进行的海洋生物培育，通常作为商业用途。) |
| 海水淡化 | water treatment |
| 海水淡化厂 | desalination plant 1. Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling. 2. Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process (1. 从海水中移除盐份以取得淡水的工厂，通常是透过蒸馏的方法。 2.世界上部分严重决乏淡水的地区期待海水淡化厂可解决其问题。 海水淡化的花费仍比一般的水源约高出四倍。 但未来技术的改良可稍微降低成本。 现在趋向于将海水淡化厂建在电厂的旁边，如此可利用发电的废热来驱动海水淡化的过程。) |
| 海水脱盐 | sea water desalination Removing salt from ocean or brackish water (从海水或咸味的水中去掉盐。) |
| 海洋 | ocean The mass of water occupying all of the Earth's surface not occupied by land, but excluding all lakes and inland seas (所有占据的地球表面而不为陆地拥有的水域，但不包括所有湖泊和内陆。) |
| 海洋保护区 | marine reserve Sea area where marine wildlife is protected (进行海洋野生动物保护的海域。) |
| 海洋保护区 | marine conservation area Any section of a sea or ocean designated for special protection, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems (任何指定为特别保护的大海或大洋部分，通常用以防止或减少对其野生动物和生态系统的伤害。) |
| 海洋保护区 | protected marine zone Sea area where marine wildlife is protected (对海洋野生动物进行保护的区域。) |
| 海洋倾倒 | ocean dumping The process by which pollutants, including sewage, industrial waste, consumer waste, and agricultural and urban runoff are discharged into the world's oceans. These pollutants arise from a myriad of sources (海洋排放过程，其中的污染物，包括污水、工业废物、生活垃圾、农业和城市径流排入世界各大洋。这些污染物的来源无数。) |
| 海洋公园 | marine park A permanent reservation on the seabed for the conservation of species (为了物种保护的海底的永久保护区。) |
| 海洋前线 | marine front |
| 海洋动物 | marine fauna Animals which live in the sea (生活在海中的动物。) |
| 海洋哺乳动物 | marine mammal Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. (适应生活在海上的哺乳动物，如鲸、海豚、鼠海豚等。) |
| 海洋哺乳动物保护法案 | Marine Mammal and Protection Act |
| 海洋地质学 | marine geology That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials (对于海洋，特别是针对大洋底和海洋大陆边界的研究，包括海底地形特征、海洋底部沉积物和岩石的海洋化学和岩石学、海水和波浪对海洋底部及其材料的影响。) |
| 海洋大气界面 | ocean-air interface The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water (海洋和空气彼此流动，但处于不同的能量状态--液体和气体。它们之间的自由表面边界抑制了，但绝不能完全防止，二者质量与能量的交流。当极端条件主导时，几乎所有穿过边界的交换变得非常有效。一个界限模糊的海面，水和空气性质之间的巨大差异或一个不稳定的空气柱，便于空气量从海面到高层大气的传送。高温和水(气)都倾向于穿过边界从海到空中方向移动。热交换有三个过程：辐射、传导、蒸发。最大的网络交流是通过蒸发，即从海到大气通过水蒸发的转化过程。) |
| 海洋大气综合数据集 | comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set |
| 海洋学 | oceanography The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects (海洋所有方面的科学研究和探索。) |
| 海洋工程 | marine engineering The design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of main power plants, as well as the associated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for the propulsion of ships (为了制作船舶的动力装置，主要发电厂以及相关的辅助机械和设备的设计、施工、安装、运行和维护。) |
| 海洋开发 | ocean exploitation The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources (利用海洋以提供食物源、矿产资源、能源和水源。) |
| 海洋性气候 | oceanic climate A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate (主要受海洋影响的地区气候，即气候特点是海洋性，与之正相反的是大陆性气候。) |
| 联合国海洋气象研究咨询委员会 | Advisory Committee on Oceanic Meteorological Research |
| 海洋氯化物标准平均含量 | standard mean ocean chloride |
| 海洋污染 | marine pollution Any detrimental alteration of the marine environment caused by the intentional or accidental release of dangerous or toxic substances, such as industrial, commercial and urban waste water (任何的危险或有毒物质造成的海洋环境的有害变化，如工业、商业和城市污水故意或意外的释放。) |
| 海洋污染控制 | control of marine pollution |
| 海洋污染控制装置 | marine pollution control unit |
| 海洋污染监测 | marine pollution monitoring |
| 联合国海洋污染科技问题联合专家组 | Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution |
| 海洋污染责任协议由一些大石油公司签署于1974年 | Offshore Pollution Liability Agreement |
| 海洋沉积物 | marine sediment Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water (固体断片材料，起源于岩石风化，并由水中的悬浮态沉淀而成。) |
| 海洋渔业 | marine fishery The harvest of animals and plants from the ocean to provide food and recreation for people, food for animals, and a variety of organic materials for industry (从海洋捕捞动物和植物为人们提供食物和娱乐，为动物提供饲料，以及对工业提供多种有机材料。) |
| 海洋温度 | ocean temperature A measure, referenced to a standard value, of the heat or coldness in a body of oceanic water (参照标准值，海洋水体热或冷的度量。) |
| 海洋热能 | thermal sea power The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20°C or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle (利用发生海洋深处的20℃以上的温度差异，实现持续供电。这种温差可能会被发现在世界上的热带地区。各种小厂已建成以展示原则。) |
| 海洋环境 | marine environment Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions (海洋环境包括河口、近岸海洋和沿海区、开放式深海区。) |
| 阿拉伯湾海洋环境保护区域组织 | Regional Organization for Protection of the Marine Environment |
| 联合国海洋环境保护委员会 | Marine Environment Protection Committee |
| 海洋环境信息 | marine environmental information |
| 海洋环流 | ocean circulation Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean (海洋的一个封闭的水流动循环模式。) |
| 海洋生态 | marine ecology An integrative science that studies the basic structural and functional relationships within and among living populations and their physical-chemical environments in marine ecosystems. Marine ecology focuses on specific organisms as well as on particular environments or physical settings (一门综合性学科，研究海洋生态系统的基本结构、生物群内部和相互之间的功能关系及其物理化学环境。海洋生态着重于研究具体的生物体以及其特定环境或物理条件。) |
| 海洋生态系统 | marine ecosystem Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment (任何海洋环境，从池塘到海洋，其中的植物和动物与其化学和物理环境特性相互作用。) |
| 海洋生物 | marine organism Organisms which live in sea water (在海水中生活的生物体。) |
| 海洋生物学 | marine biology A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea (一个生物学的分支，论述栖息在海中的生物。) |
| 海洋生物资源 | living marine resource |
| 海洋监测 | marine monitoring The assessment of marine pollution by an integrated chemical, ecological and toxicological survey (通过化学、生态学和毒理学的综合调查评估海洋污染。) |
| 英国海洋石油污染咨询委员会 | Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea |
| 海洋资源 | sea resource Marine resources include food, energy and minerals (海洋资源包括食品、能源和矿物。) |
| 海洋资源保护 | conservation of marine resources |
| 海洋资源保护 | marine resources conservation |
| 英国海洋资源保护协会 | Ocean Resource Conservation Association |
| 联合国粮农组织海洋资源研究咨询委员会 | Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research |
| 海浪 | sea wave A moving ridge or swell of water occurring close to the surface of the sea, characterized by oscillating and rising and falling movements, often as a result of the frictional drag of the wind (在海洋表面活动的水的山脊或鼓起，特点是要懂得和起伏的运动。通常是风的摩擦产生的。) |
| 海港 | harbour Area of water next to the coast, often surrounded by thick walls, where ships and boats can be sheltered (临海岸的水域，通常有厚墙围绕，可提供船只的掩蔽。) |
| 海湾 | bay An open, curving indentation made by the sea or a lake into a coastline (形成于海或者湖的朝向海岸线的开阔，弯曲的缺口。) |
| 海湾 | gulf An inlet of the sea of large areal proportions, more indented than a bay and generally more enclosed (海上面积比例较大的小湾， 比海湾更为弯曲且通常较为封闭。) |
| 美国墨西哥海湾地区污染控制区 | Bay Area Pollution Control District |
| 美国旧金山海湾地区空气污染控制区 | Bay Area Air Pollution Control District |
| 海滩 | beach The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface (覆盖一个逐渐倾斜地区的松散物质，一般是从一个有凹面的地方从浅水线延伸至陆地，而且有着明确的材质或地理上的物理变化(比如悬崖)，或者延伸至永久植物线(通常对于限制风暴的最高波很有效)。或者出现在水体的岸边，被波浪或浪潮冲刷而形成，通常被沙子或砾石覆盖，没有裸露的岩石表面。) |
| 海滩堆积 | beaching The washing ashore of whales or other cetaceans that have died for natural causes, or because of highly polluted sea water or after being trapped in drift nets (有死亡的鲸鱼或其他鲸目动物的岸边，这些动物因自然原因死亡或者因为高度污染的海水或在陷入流网之后死亡。) |
| 海滩清洁 | beach cleansing The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from shore line property or surrounding areas (清除海岸线以及周边地区的污垢、垃圾或其他难看的物质的过程。) |
| 海绵动物 | poriferan The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent (运河中出现的动物界的门；缺少部分组织和器官。) |
| 海草场 | sea grass bed Seaweeds communities formed by green, brown and red macroscopic algae and by sea phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii, etc. (由绿色、棕色和红色的大的海藻和海洋显花植物例如波西多尼亚水生植物和矮大叶藻等组成的海藻群落。) |
| 海边小路 | seaside footpath A route or track running along the coast (沿海岸边的路或轨道。) |
| 海边胜地 | seaside resort A place near the sea where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves (海边的地点，人们在这里度假放松。) |
| 海陆运动 地壳的缓慢升降运动 ？？ | bradyseism A long-continued, extremely slow vertical instability of the crust, as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy, where the Phlegraean bradyseism has involved up-and-down movements between 6 m below sea level and 6 m above over a period of more than 2.000 years (地壳的长期持续的、极其缓慢的垂直不稳定性，如在那不勒斯、意大利火山区西部，在超过2000年的时间里，Phlegraean海陆运动涉及了海拔6m以上和6m以下的升降运动。) |
| 淡海水 | brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand (盐度介于淡水和海水盐分浓度之间的水;usually 5-10 parts x thousand.) |
| 深海 | deep sea Region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf (在大陆架以下更深处的海洋区域。) |
| 深海丢弃 | deep-sea disposal The disposal of solid waste or sludge by carrying the wastes out to sea, usually in a barge, and dumping into deep water (将固体废弃物运送到大海丢弃，通常用平底船运输，再倾弃于深海。) |
| 深海区大陆架以外，海面以下2000米~ 6000 米 | abyssal zone |
| 深海捕鱼 | deep sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea (在海洋最深的区域捕鱼。) |
| 深海矿床 | deep sea deposit |
| 深海采矿 | deep sea mining The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England (最有价值的海洋矿物资源是石油。 世界上约有15%的石油产自外海，且提取能力不断进步。深海采矿对环境最大的影响之一是弃置沉积物所产生的烟尘随着洋流而扩散，因此可能对海洋生态产生负面影响。众所周知煤矿是陆上矿藏的延伸，已开采的有日本和英国海底的煤矿。) |
| 滨海 | littoral The intertidal zone of the seashore (海边潮间带地区。) |
| 潮汐海洋生物 | tidal marine life |
| 澳大利亚海洋防止石油泄漏中心 | Australian Marine Oil Spill Center |
| 物理海洋学 | physical oceanography The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom (从物理方面研究运动的大海，各种因素的变化，以及这些因素与大气和海洋底部的关系。) |
| 环境及海洋医学科学研究所 | Institute of Environment and Offshore Medicine |
| 瓦登海 | Wadden Sea The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They accountfor 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa (瓦登海是一个沿荷兰、德国和丹麦的北海海岸延伸的浅海。它是一个有着潮汐通道、沙滩、泥滩、盐沼、沙滩，沙丘、河口的高度动态的生态系统，它是通往北海的过渡区、近海区域。大部分地区的瓦登海，尤其是在荷兰和下萨克森州，由屏障岛屿所庇护，包含有潮间平地较小或较宽的地区。瓦登海目前的状态是由自然力量和人的行为所共同造成的。每日两次有平均15立方公里的海水进入瓦登海。随着从北海流来的水，大量的沙和淤泥进入，迁入到少量水流动的地方。退潮期间瓦登海大部分地区才会出现。这些所谓的潮汐带覆盖约2/3的潮汐面积，这也是其最典型的特征之一。在世界上其它地方还没有发现有如此大型的、不间断的延伸潮汐带。它占欧洲和北非地区所有潮汐面积的60％。) |
| 石油公司国际海洋污染问题讨论会 | Oil Companies International Marine Forum for Sea Pollution |
| 空气海洋联合相互作用 | joint air-sea interaction |
| 联合海洋大气研究实验 | coupled ocean-atmosphere research experiment |
| 航海图 | chart A map for navigation that delineates a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts and the position of rocks, sandbanks and other parts of a sea; nautical (航海用的地图，勾画海的一部分，标示沿海轮廓和岩石，沙丘和其它地方的位置。) |
| 英国海上石油污染咨询委员会 | British Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea |
| 近海安全与防止污染培训促进委员会 | Offshore Safety and Anti-pollution Training and Motivation Committee |
| 近海安全处 | Offshore Safety Division |
| 近海排污指南 | offshore effluent guidelines |
| 近海石油污染拦筒 | offshore oil pollution sleeve |
| 远海捕鱼 | open sea fishing Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea (在海洋最纵深处捕鱼。) |
| 通用海洋污染控制系统 | marine pollution control universal |
| 里海 | Caspian Sea No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 阿拉斯加波弗特海原油泄漏响应船 | Alaska Beaufort sea oil spill res ponse body |
| 陆海图 | map chart A map, generally designed for navigation or other particular purposes, in which essential map information is combined with various other data critical to the intended use (一种地图，一般为导航或其他特定目的设计，其中主要的地图信息与各种其他要使用的重要数据相结合。) |
| 黑海 | Black Sea No definition needed (无需定义。) |
