| Chinese | English |
| 一氧化氮 | nitrogen oxide A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds, NOx (一种无色气体，在室温条件下，与氧气反应生成二氧化氮，可被用来形成其它化合物。) |
| 一氧化二氮 | nitrogen monoxide A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. (一种无色气体，易溶于水、乙醇和乙醚。它形成于一些硝酸还原反应中，但更方便的制备纯氧化氮反应的是亚硝酸钠、硫酸等反应。) |
| 三氮六环 | triazine Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules (分子中包含三个氮原子的二氮六环。) |
| 二氧化氮 | nitrogen dioxide A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid, NO2 (一种红棕色的气体；它存在不同的浓度以平衡其他氮氧化物；过去常常用来生产硝酸。) |
| 含氮生化需氧量 | nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand |
| 固氮作用 | nitrogen fixation Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants (土壤里自由存在的多种微生物对大气中氮的吸收。一旦微生物已经捕获到氮，有很多不同的路线来处理。一些像分解的植物那样被保留在土壤里，等待作为硝酸盐被新的庄稼吸收。 硝酸盐是通过生活在土壤中的细菌硝化而产生的，靠氨旺盛生长，这些氨是由腐烂的植物和动物材料而产生的。) |
| 废弃脱氮 | denitrification of waste gas Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber (控制机动车辆氮氧化物排放的现行方法，包括火星塞点火的延迟、增加空气/燃料比、向汽缸内注射水分、减少压缩比、和废气再循环。 对固定污染源，一种防制方法是采用较低氮氧化物含量的燃料或向燃烧室注入水蒸气以修改燃烧过程。) |
| 有机氮 | organic nitrogen Essential nutrient of the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly aminoacids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after microorganisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. This conversion of nitrogen, known as nitrogen fixation, is essential for the formation of amino acids which, in turn, are the building blocks of proteins (动植物食品供给的基本养分。动物获取含氮化合物，特别氨基酸。虽然空气含有接近80%的气体氮，但很少有生物有能力以此形式使用它。通常在微生物已将氮转化成氨水或硝酸盐后，高等植物从土壤中获得它并能吸收。氮的这种转换，称为固氮，对形成氨基酸即蛋白质的构件，起着至关重要的作用。) |
| 有机氮化合物 | organonitrogen compound Organic compounds having a C-N bond (含碳和氮的化合物。) |
| 氮循环 | nitrogen cycle The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere (庄稼获得大量的它们需要合成蛋白质、核酸和其它生化物质的氮，及氮如何回到空气的这套复杂的过程。) |
| 氮气固定作用 | nitrogen fixation |
| 氮氧化物 | nitrogen oxides Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog (在所有常见类型的燃烧中形成和释放的氧化物，它们是由大气中的氮在高温氧化中形成的。将来自汽车废气、火炉、焚化炉、发电厂及类似来源的排放物引入大气，包括一氧化二氮、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、五氧化二氮和硝酸的氧化物。氮的氧化物经过大气中的许多反应，形成光化学烟雾。) |
| 氮肥 | nitrogenous fertiliser Fertilizer materials, natural or synthesized, containing nitrogen available for fixation by vegetation, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate (天然或合成的化肥原料，含有固定植被的可用氮，如硝酸钾或硝酸铵。) |
| 生物固氮 | biological nitrogen fixation |
| 脱氮作用 | denitrification 1. The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2. The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility (1. 经由生物处理或化学方式去除土中含的氮。 是一种汽化式的散失，而非经由物理过程如渗漏的流失。 2.经由土壤中的细菌分解硝酸盐而释放出自由氮。 此种过程常发生于厌氧环境下，如浸泡在水中的土地；会降低土中养份。) |
| 雨养氮收支 | ombrotrophic nitrogen budget |
