old grade of steel being cast(In the grade change operation, the tundish containing the old grade of steel being cast is first emptied to a certain depth before pouring the new grade from the ladle. 变钢种操作时，在由钢包浇人下一炉异钢种钢水前，首先将盛有上一炉正在浇注钢种钢水的中间包排空到一定深度。)
positive segregation(Oscillation marks in continuously cast slabs are frequently accompanied by defects such as transverse and longitudinal cracks, positive segregation on the surface, entrapped scum, and large subsurface inclusions. 连铸板坯振痕常常伴随有其他一些缺陷，如横裂纹和纵裂纹、表面正偏析、夹渣以及皮下大型夹杂物。)
temperature bias correction(If the melter finds a series of heats that were hot for unexplained reasons, he makes a temperature bias correction for the following heat, hoping that it will turn down close to the aim temperature. 如果炼钢工发现，连续几炉都炉温过高且原因不明，那么炼钢工就可对下一炉次进行温偏修正，希望下一炉终点停炉时炉温能接近目标温度。)
