| Chinese | English |
| 从沉淀室排出的在养殖单元底部积累的固体物质和水的混合物。污水处理中：在大部分液体从污水中被除去后保留下来的泥泞、半固体沉淀物. | sludge |
| 底栖 | benthic division The bottom of a body of water often occupied by benthos (经常被底栖生物占领的水体底部。) |
| 底栖生态系统 | benthic ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings (位于淡水和咸水的底部及其非生物环境的生物群落的相互作用系统。) |
| 底栖生物 | benthos Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (那些生活在海床中或附近，河床或湖底的生物。) |
| 底物链磷酸化 | substrate-chain phosphorylation |
| 本底污染 | background pollution |
| 水底 | water bottom The floor upon which any body of water rests (任何水体都依赖其上的基底。) |
| 海底开采 | sea bed exploitation Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals (海洋的矿物资源比现在开采出的多得多；矿物从俩种不同的海洋资源中获得：从构成大陆架的沉积物和从在大陆架表面的近海岸的沉积物。到目前为止，从海里开采出的最有价值的矿物资源是石油。大陆架的表面近海的冲积矿淤积产生金子、白金和锡。从大洋地面的远洋沉淀中找到锰结核；它们是小的、不规则的、黑色或棕色的、易碎的、大量薄片块状的，主要由锰盐和锰氧化物金属组成。) |
| 海底开采 | offshore mining Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast (从距海岸不远的平台进行石油开采。) |
| 海底形态学 | submarine morphology That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them (地质海洋学方面，处理海底的地形特征并试图修改它们。) |
| 海底采矿 | sea bed mining The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor (在大洋地面的活动或操作，包括从表面或表面下开采金属沉积物。) |
| 舱底水 | bilge water Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge (装在船舶的舱底的底部的水。) |
| 舱底油 | bilge oil Waste oil that accumulates, usually in small quantities, inside the lower spaces of a ship, just inside the shell plating, and usually mixed with larger quantities of water (在船内的底层空间积累的通常少量的废油，在内壳板中，通常和大量的水混合在一起。) |
| 船底防污剂 | antifouling agent Agent that inhibits the growth of barnacles and other marine organisms on a ship's bottom (an antifouling paint or other coating). Organo-tin compounds have been the most often used agents in this application since they are effective against both soft and hard fouling organisms. However, in spite of their performance, they have a negative impact on the marine environment and their long half life in the environment, has prompted marine paint manufacturers to look for a nonpersistent alternative (一种用于抑制藤壶(一种甲壳类动物)或其它海洋生物体在船舶底部生长的试剂(防腐用油漆或其它涂料)。 有机锡是最常被使用的试剂，因为它可以有效的抑制柔软和坚硬的致腐蚀性之生物的生长。 虽然它具有防污的功能，但是它对海洋环境有负面影响，且它在环境中有很长的半衰期，这促使船舶油漆生产商寻找其他非持久性的替代物。) |
