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Terms for subject Explosives and Explosive Ordnance Disposal containing 应 力 | all forms | in specified order only
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万有应力定律lawn of universal gravitation
三相应力three-dimensional stress
三相应力triaxial stress
三相应力状态triaxial State of stress
三轴岩石应力测定triaxial rock stress measurement
三轴岩石应力测量仪器triaxial rock stress measuring instrument
三面采空矿柱的应力集中区peninsula abutment
个别应力separate stress
中荷载应力interior stress
中间主应力三向应力状态中,介于最大与最小值之间的主应力intermediate principal stress
临界应力强度因数理论推导和计算的应力强度临界水平,单位为N/m³/²。它与脆性裂隙的出现有关critical stress intensity factor KIC
应力应力为零的面上的正应力principal stress
应力principal stress field
应力差法三轴试验中,以试样破坏时的最大、最小主应力的差值表示岩土强度的方法method of principal stress difference
应力方向principal stress direction
应力比法三轴试验中,以最大、最小主应力比与轴应变的关系曲线中的稳定峰值应力比表示岩土强度的方法method of principal stress ratio
主拉应力破坏理论这一理论认为,岩体的破坏是由弹性体的塑性变形引起的。并从理论上阐明了爆破时,爆炸气体作用于孔壁所产生的主应力场,以及主应力和岩体破坏的关系failure theory of principal tensile stress
二维应力two-dimensional stress
伴生应力associated stress
侧向应力confining stress
假定应力assumed stress
偏斜应力deviator stress
偏斜应力deviation stress
偏离应力/应变通过从各法向应力/应变分量减去一个应力/应变张量的平均法向应力/应变分量而得到的应力/应变张量deviator stress/strain
光学应力分析optical stress analysis
八面体应力理论认为岩土的破坏是由于八面体面上的应力达到极限值而引起的和由此而建立的岩土屈服破坏的强度准则octahedral stress theory
八面体面上的正应力average normal stress
应力形成的岩石突出inherent burst
冯 •米塞斯应力Von Mises Stress
冲击应力impacts. stress
冲击荷载应力impacts. load stress
减速应力deceleration stress
切向集中应力tangential stress concentration
应力-剪位移曲线通常指岩土在直接剪切情况下的剪应力与剪变形的关系曲线shear stress-displacement curve
应力-剪位移曲线通常指岩土在直接剪切情况下的剪应力与剪变形的关系曲线shear stress-deformation curve
应力-剪变形曲线shear stress-displacement curve
应力-剪变形曲线shear stress-deformation curve
剪切应力使物体产生变形时,单位面积上所受到的侧向或横向力。在钻井液环空水力学上指液流层面上单位面积所受的剪切力shearing stress
剪切应力单位作用面积上的切向力shearing stress
剪切应力单位作用面积上的切向力shear stress
加速应力acceleration stress
加速应力accelerating stress
应力dynamic stress field
动载应力dynamic-load stress
动载应力live load stress
动载应力advancing load stress
化学反应速率取决于压力的大小、并随着反应物质的膨胀而迅速降低The rate of chemical reaction is strongly pressure dependent and will decrease rapidly as the reacting material expands
应力uniaxial stress
单位张应力unit tensile stress
单元应力矩阵有限单元法中,用以表示节点位移变形在其他节点上所引起的节点力的联系单元节点位移与节点力关系的矩阵element stress matrix
单独应力separate stress
单轴弹性应力波传播理论elastic uniaxial stress wave propagation theory
应力引起岩土产生压缩变形的正应力compressional stress
应力引起岩土产生压缩变形的正应力compressive stress
应力约束compressive stress constraint
压力应变波compressive strain wave
压电应力piezo-electric stress
压缩应力应变数据compressive stress-strain data
原始应力original stress
原岩应力virgin rock stress
原岩应力采掘前原岩〈体〉内的应力initial stress of rock
原岩应力采掘前原岩〈体〉内的应力virgin stress of rock
原岩应力initial rock stress
原岩应力岩体内未受采掘工程影响的应力区域virgin stress zone
原岩应力岩体内未受采掘工程影响的应力区域initial stress zone
原岩应力原岩〈体〉应力在岩体内的分布initial stress field of rock
原岩应力原岩〈体〉应力在岩体内的分布virgin stress field of rock mass
应力counter stress
应力方向direction of antistress
反复反向应力repetitive and reversed stress
反射应力reflected stress waves
叠加应力采掘工作面相互影响而形成的合成应力superposed stress
叠加应力采掘工作面相互影响而形成的合成应力superimposed stress
合成应力爆破模型hybrid stress blasting model
合成应力爆破模型在长时间内具有具体描述爆破过程的潜力、但目前只应用在研究中In the long term, a hybrid stress blasting model has the potential to provide a practical description of the blasting process but is currently limited to research applications
应力post stress
周线应力hoop dress
围岩应力围岩内的应力stress in surrounding rock
固有残余应力inherent-residual stress
圆周应力hoop dress
在岩体内传播的应力波中断时、会出现不利形势Problem situations can arise when the transmission of stress waves within the rock mass are interrupted
在"纯"硝甘炸药中、硝甘是主要能源、因各种活性吸收剂的反应而加强威力In'straight' dynamites,nitroglycerin is the principal energy source, augmented by the reaction of various active absorbents。
应力geo-stress
地层应力strata stress
坡底残余应力residual toe stress
基底附加应力基础与地基接触面上,由建筑物荷载所产生的应力增量,数值上等于基底压力与基础埋置深度处岩土自重压力之差footing base additional stress
塑性应力-应变图plastic stress-strain diagram
塑性应力-应变矩阵plastic stress-strain matrix
应力combined stress
复合应力associated stress
多轴向应力multi-axial stress
大面积矿柱的应力集中区continent abutment
孤立矿柱的应力集中区island abutment
安全工作应力safe working stress
安全许可应力safe allowable
应力macro stress
实际应力applied stress
实际剪应力actual shear stress
实际原岩应力actual virgin rock stress
实验标定应力强度系数experimental calibration of stress intensity factors
对抗应力counter stress
局部紧锁应力local lock-up stress
局部锁定应力local lock-up stress
屈服应力材料开始进人塑性变形时的应力,单位为 MPayield stress
岩体应力stress in rock mass
岩体应力rock mass stress
岩体中的应力扰动在岩体中的传播。对岩体中的应力波的研究包括由爆炸振动所激发的扰动在岩体中传播的各种力学行为,以及利用〈超〉声波在岩体中的传播来测定岩体的力学性质。采矿工程中常用岩体中应力波的基本规律来研究或解释爆破的力学过程,或预测爆破效果stress wave in rock mass
岩体二次应力岩体开挖后原始应力大小和方向发生变化的应力。在岩体中开挖坑硐后,打破了岩体原始应力的平衡状态,在坑硐附近一定范围的岩体中发生应力重新分布,形成二次应力场,岩体二次应力分布,与岩体原始应力的主应力方向、大小和坑硐的几何形状及岩体结构有关induced stress in rock mass
岩体初始应力天然状态下岩体内的应力initial stress of rock mass
岩体初始应力天然状态下岩体内的应力natural stress of rock mass
岩体原始应力original stress of rock mass
岩体天然应力initial stress of rock mass
岩体天然应力natural stress of rock mass
岩体温度应力岩体随地壳中温度变化发生热胀冷缩而产生的应力。昼夜、季节的温度变化和岩浆活动是在岩体中产生温度应力的天然原因。地下核爆炸可使岩体中产生较高的温度应力,一般的工程开挖在岩体中产生的温度应力不大,影响范围很小temperature stress in rock mass
岩压应力集中区abutment area
岩石的力学回应mechanical response of the rock
岩重应力gravity stress
差动应力differential stress
带状矿柱的应力集中区strip abutment
平均屈服应力average yield stress
平均正应力average normal stress
平面应力two-dimensional stress
应力物理导出张量。在单轴情况下,应力定义为在作用于某一点无穷小面积元的力限度内所得单位面积的力,单位为 MPa。一般而言,应力张量分量的大小和方向在固体内因点而异stress
应力产生的纵向马赫波shear-vertical Mach wave
应力作用区域stress area
应力冻结法stress freezing method
应力减小因子stress reduction factor
应力减轻槽stress-relief groove
应力分布图stress envelop
应力分布形态stress pattern
应力分布方式stress pattern
应力加大build-up of stress
应力包络线stress envelop
应力升高由构件外形和连续变化引起的stress raise
应力变化速率rate of change of stress
应力Mohr's circle
应力圆锥曲线conic stress
应力stress ring
应力场强度stress field intensity
应力增高区岩体内由于采掘工程影响引起应力重新分布后而形成的高于原岩应力的区域stress-concentrated zone
应力峰值区peak abutment
应力一般情况下,在岩石变形过程中,三个主应力是不相等的,最大主应力和最小主应力之差称应力差。它是引起变形的因素,应力差愈大,引起的岩石变形愈明显stress difference
应力差异stress contrast
应力应变场stress and strain fields
应力-应变曲线通常指在单轴压力或拉力作用下,岩石轴向应力与轴向应变、侧向应变与体积应变的关系曲线load-deformation stress curve
应力-应变曲线curve stress-strain curve
应力-应变曲线通常指在单轴压力或拉力作用下,岩石轴向应力与轴向应变、侧向应变与体积应变的关系曲线stress strain curve
应力应变矩阵stress-strain matrix
应力张量计stress gage
应力强度因数模式 I 开口模式裂缝〈Kᵢ〉,模式 II 滑动模式裂缝〈Kᵢᵢ,模式 III 剪切模式裂缝 <, Kᵢᵢᵢ〉,<, n/m3/2>, , 说明裂缝因加载荷而变形的状态和程度的分析量。通常, IF 用作裂缝“危险性”的一个量度。数学上,SIF 系裂缝奇点的大小stress intensity factor SIF
应力强度系数stress intensity factor
应力形变图stress deformation diagram
应力或应变张量二阶张量,其对角元由相对于给定的一组坐标轴的正应力/应变分量组成,而其非对角元则由相应的切应力/应变组成stress or strain tensor
应力扩散角基脚附近极小附加应力等值线的倾角angle of stress dispersion
应力振幅amplitude of stress
应力损失校正stress loss correction
应力松弛岩土在应变保持不变的情况下,其应力随时间而衰减的现象stress relaxation
应力极限岩体自重、地质构造和开挖影响下,存在于岩体内部单位面积上的内力。未被开挖所扰动的岩体应力称岩体原始应力,开挖扰动后岩体应力的变化称为二次应力stress limit
应力梯度对空穴周围裂缝的影响stress gradient effects on fracture around cavities
应力炸药在土岩介质中爆炸时,其冲击压力以波动形式向四周传播,这种波统称为应力波。当应力与应变呈线性关系时,介质中传播的是弹性波, 呈非线性关系时,为塑性波和冲击波stress wave
应力波叠加stress wave superposition
应力波叠加stress wave propagation
应力波在黏弹性物质中的传播特性stress wave propagation characteristics in a viscoelastic material
应力波导致的裂缝stress wave-induced fractures
应力波的干涉两个或多个应力波相遇发生相互作用的现象称为应力波的干涉interference of stress waves
应力波碰撞点stress wave collision point
由爆破增压在炮孔边界产生的应力波脉冲长度length of the stress wave pulse (generated at the borehole boundary due to explosive pressurization)
应力消除开槽stress relief slot
应力状态岩土中各种不同应力的组合特征stress state
应力的第一不变量first invariant of stress
由动态压力产生的应力瞬变现象stress transients (generated by dynamic pressure)
应力破裂stress fracture
应力积累build-up of stress
应力等值线图contour plot of stresses
应力致裂stress-induced crack
应力解除岩层stress-relieved ground
应力解除法岩石压力卸载法relaxation method of stress
应力stressmeter
应力路径岩土受载过程中,某个面上的应力变化在应力坐标图中的轨迹stress path
应力路线stress path
应力锥角stress-cone angle
应力岩土破坏后,应力由峰值降为残余值的过程〈或峰、残强度的差值〉stress drop
应力降低区岩体内由于采掘工程影响引起应力重新分布后而形成的低于原岩应力的区域stress-released zone
应力集中物体内某一点的应力比相邻部分的应力积累显著增大的现象。构造形变是应力或能量的释放过程,因而运动必将最先在那些应力积累最大而岩体强度又相对最小的地方发生。因此,物体或岩体的不均一性或力学性质有突然改变的地方,为应力集中处concentration of stress
应力集中物体内某一点的应力比相邻部分的应力积累显著增大的现象。构造形变是应力或能量的释放过程,因而运动必将最先在那些应力积累最大而岩体强度又相对最小的地方发生。因此,物体或岩体的不均一性或力学性质有突然改变的地方,为应力集中处stress concentration
应力集中区abutment
应力集中系数factor of the stress concentration
应力集中系数岩土应力集中区升高后的应力与原始应力的比值coefficient of stress concentration
应用水动力学applied hydrodynamics
开采前应力pre-mining stress
张剪应力tensile and shear stresses
张性破坏应力tensile failure stress
弧形矿柱的应力集中区arch abutment
弯曲应力curling stress
纵向弯曲应力buckling stress
弯曲压应力bending compression stress
弯曲张应力bending tension stress
弹性弯曲应力elastic bending stress
形切槽产生的力学效应在爆炸冲击波和爆生气体的准静压压力作用下, V 形切槽的存在将产生两个力学效应,即在切槽尖端产生应力集中和在切槽根部附近产生的压应力和低拉应力区,亦称裂纹生长抑制区。在这两个效应的作用下,裂纹必然从切槽尖端开始向前扩展,同时又抑制了新裂纹在其他方向上的生成mechanical effect of a notch V
径向压应力radial compressive stress
应力根据岩土所受的总应力作出的应力圆total stress circle
应力路线用总应力表示的应力路线total stress path
抗应变能力strain strength
抗张应力梯度tensile stress gradient
抗张应力tensile stress wave
抗张应力集中tensile stress concentration
抗拉应力在作用方向可延展物体的正应力,单位为 MPatensile stress
应力stretching stress
拉拔应力draw stress
挠曲强度。挠曲应力flexural strength
挤压应力squeezing stress
损伤应力damage-ing stress
摩尔应力Mohr's stress circle
支承应力abutment stress
应力变形stressless deformation
应力岩层stress-relieved ground
应力的外表面stress-free outer surface
最大应力maximum strain
最大主应力三向应力状态中,数值最大的为主应力maximum principal stress
最大剪应力三轴应力状态下,数值最大的剪应力,其值等于最大与最小主应力差的二分之一maximum shear stress
最大剪应力理论认为岩土产生剪切破坏是由于最大剪应力达极限值而引起的和由此建立的强度准则maximum shear stress theory
最大张应力与剪应力之比maximum tensile to shear stress ratio
最大无量纲剪切应力dimensionless maximum shear stress
最大极限应力ultimate limit strain
最小主应力三向应力状态中,数值最小的主应力minimum principal stress
有效应力岩土体受压时,其骨架所承担的压力effective stress
有效应力岩土体受压时,其骨架所承担的压力effective pressure
有效应力表示岩土中任一点有效应力状态的应力圆effective stress circle
有效应力路线用有效应力表示的应力路线effective stress path
有赖于应力stress-dependent
有适应能力的adaptive
未受炮孔影响的岩石应力测定determination физ. of the stress in rock unaffected by boreholes
极限应力根据岩土处于临界状态时的应力条件作出的应力圆ultimate stress circle
极限应力状态岩土的抗破坏力与作用荷载之间处于临界平衡状态时的应力组合ultimate stress state
极限承载应力ultimate bearing stress
模型内动态应力参数dynamic stress parameters in the model
横向应力traverse stress
次生反射抗张应力secondary reflected tensile stress waves
残余应力post stress
残余应力由过去地质历史时期的构造变动产生,后经应力松弛而残存于岩体中的应力residual stress
残余应力lock stress
残留矿柱的应力集中区remnant abutment
比压应力specific compressive stress
水平应力等值线contour of horizontal stress
法向应力单位作用面积上的法向力normal stress
活载应力live-load stress
消除应力爆破stress relief blast
激变应力distorting stress
应力消除natural stress relief
爆发应力bursting stress
爆炸应力波作用理论该理论认为岩石的破坏主要是由于岩体中爆炸应力波在自由面反射后形成反射拉伸波的作用。当拉应力超过岩石的抗拉强度时,岩石就被拉断破坏。这种理论从爆轰的动力学观点出发,又称为动作用理论。参见 dynamic failure theoryshock wave failure theory
爆炸应力波作用理论该理论认为岩石的破坏主要是由于岩体中爆炸应力波在自由面反射后形成反射拉伸波的作用。当拉应力超过岩石的抗拉强度时,岩石就被拉断破坏。这种理论从爆轰动力学观点出发,又称为动作用理论。参见 shock wave failure theorydynamic failure theory
爆炸应力波理论theory of blasting stress waves
爆生气体和应力波综合作用理论该理论认为岩石的破坏是由于爆生气体膨胀和爆炸应力波共同作用的结果。由应力波引起的反射拉伸波加强了径向裂隙的扩展,爆生气体的膨胀,促进了裂隙的发展expansion and shock wave coexisting failure theory
爆破源的次应力secondary shear waves from source boreholes
爆速和爆震正面压力基本上是由在爆震正面立即产生反应的炸药的初始部分释放的能量决定的The detonation velocity and detonation front pressure are essentially determined by the amount of energy released by the initial fraction of the ingredients that react immediately at the detonation front
应力ring stress
应力诱发岩爆ring-stress burst
环向应力hoop dress
由于膨胀气体挤压这种物质、致使能量损失速度快、爆后产物的压力和温度迅速下降。这些损失作为膨胀波传到反应区之内、因而降低了压力和反应速率、且最终消除了对爆震波面传播的能量支持As the expanding gases compress such material, energy is lost rapidly and pressure and temperature drop sharply in the reaction products. These losses are communicated to the interior of the reaction zone as a rarefaction wave, lowering the pressure and reaction rate, and ultimately removing support far the propagation of the detonation front
疲劳试验中最大与最小应力之比张应力为正,压缩应力为负stress ratio
矩形矿柱的应力集中区cape abutment
矿柱的应力集中区pillar abutment
矿柱的钝角应力集中区obtuse abutment
矿柱的锐角应力峰值区acute peak abutment
破坏极限应力breaking limit circle
破坏点的实际应力actual stress at the fracture point
破岩时应力波碰撞理论stress wave collision theory of fragmentation
碎岩粒度分布曲线的细端受岩石固有破碎特点的控制、而且受炸药爆轰施加的应力性质的控制The fine end of the fragment size distribution curve is controlled by the rock's inherent breakage characteristics and the nature of the stresses imposed by the detonation of the explosive
磁致应力magnetostrictive stress
科学模型、或者说基本模型、试图立足于现实、描述爆破的物理效果和岩石的力学回应Scientific or fundamental models attempt to realistically describe the physical effects of blasting and the mechanical response of the rock
紧锁应力lock stress
累计应力cumulative stress
绝对岩石应力absolute rock stress
膨胀应力dilation stress
自重应力岩土体自身重量所引起的正应力self-weight stress
自重应力由于上覆岩层重力引起的应力gravity stress
自重应力自重应力的性状及其空间分布域self-weight stress field
致断应力breaking stress
表面应力quadric stress
覆岩应力cover stress
覆盖层应力cover stress
解除应力distressed zone
解除应力distressed area
诱导应力由于米掘工程影响在岩体内重新分布的应力mining-induced stress
诱导应力由于米掘工程影响在岩体内重新分布的应力reduced stress
谐振应力harmonic stress
负载应力系数load stress factor
轴向应力集中axial stress concentration
轴向主应力axial principle stress
载荷应力loading dress
辐射压缩应力outgoing compressive stress waves
输出压缩应力outgoing compressive stress waves
边界应力状态bottom state of stress
这些颗粒溶解后、多孔颗粒中封闭的空气得以释放、且不再有使炸药敏化的效力。此外、溶解后的硝铵与水一起处于液态、在爆轰时不再具有起反应的效力When the prills dissolve, the air entrapped inside the porous prills is released and is no longer available to sensitize the composition. Also, the dissolved ammonium nitrate stays in solution with water and is no longer available to react in the detonation
透射应力transmitted stress wave
采动应力man-made stress
附加应力工程荷载作用于地基所增加的应力additional stress
附加应力扩散地基中的附加应力,随其与荷载作用点的距离的增加而减小,而影响范围则有规律地扩大的现象dispersion of additional stress
随压力而定的屈服应力pressure dependent yield stress
集中应力abutment stress
应力模式zero stress mode
应力状态zero stress state
零潜在应力zero latent stress
静流应力hydrostatic stress
静电应力electric stress
静载应力load stress
静重应力load stress
非均匀应力nonhomogeneous stress
非弹性应力inelastic stress
非等温反应动力学non-isothermal reaction dynamics
应力resilience
应力混凝土结构预应力混凝土结构是指混凝土中配置预应力钢筋的混凝土结构prestressed concrete structure
应力钢筋将热轧钢筋在常温下用卷扬机或其他张拉设备强力拉伸至超过其屈服点而进人强化阶段,迫使钢筋内部晶体组织发生改变,从而使钢筋屈服强度得到提高prestressed reinforcement
预期的应力状态expected stress condition
高振幅应力纵波上向传播high amplitude SV wave upward propagation
高频应力波传播high-frequency stress waves propagation
黏合应力adhesive stress