| Chinese | English |
| 交通基础设施 | traffic infrastructure The fundamental facilities and systems used for the movement of vehicles, often provided through public funding (用于车辆运行的基本设施和系统，通常是通过公共资金来供给。) |
| 人类基本服务指数 | essential human services index |
| 以生态系统为基础的方法 | ecosystem-based approach |
| 以生态系统为基础的方法 | ecosystem approach |
| 关键性基础设施保险局 | Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office |
| 动物基因 | animal genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research (关于动物遗传物质的科学性研究，有理论的和实际的应用，如：族群增加、保育和疾病研究。) |
| 国际石油污染补偿基金 | International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund |
| 国际货币基金会 | International Monetary Fund An international organization established in 1944, affiliated with the United Nations that acts as an international bank facilitating the exchange of national currencies and providing loans to member nations. It also evaluates the performance of the economies of the world's countries (国际组织，成立于1944年，隶属于联合国，为促进国家货币汇率的一个国际银行，并为成员国提供银行贷款。同时其也评价世界各国的经济表现。) |
| 地中海玛基群落 | Mediterranean macchia |
| 基于煤的能量 | coal-based energy Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers (在烟管锅炉或水管锅炉内燃烧煤得到蒸汽的过程中而获得的能量。) |
| 基于社区的管理 | community-based natural resource management |
| 基于社区的管理 | community-based management |
| 基于陆地的海洋污染 | land-based marine pollution |
| 基因 | gene A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene) (一组遗传物质，是DNA的组成部分，在染色体上有固定位置。基因能决定个体性状，通过描述组成蛋白质或部分蛋白质的多肽链(结构基因)或组织这种操作(抑制基因)来做到这一点。) |
| 基因工程 | genetic engineering 1. The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine. 2. The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material (1. 产生新基因或改变染色体结构以产生对人类有利的效果的复杂技术 2. 通过添加和替换基因材料，刻意制造新基因或改变基因) |
| 基因工程法规 | genetic engineering legislation |
| 基因库 | gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer (种子或植物组织的仓库，在低温和低湿度下保存，以帮助保持遗传多样性。有时也被称为种子银行或生殖原生质银行。其内容主要是源于一种原始品种和野生作物。于1974年成立的国际植物遗传资源委员会，促进重大植物物种的遗传资源的收集，记录，评价，保护和最终使用。基因库是国际争论的主题，因为它们大部分是由工业发达国家从发展中国家获得的，而这些发展中国家有自己的育种计划来开发新品种。原来需要通过几十年的时间通过传统施肥方案植物育种，现在有可能通过直接操控植物基因，创造改造微生物，而获得更好的抗病性以及更高的生产率，因此能够比差同育种方案产生更大的收益。) |
| 基因库 | genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms (有性繁殖能力的种群成员携带的基因总量或基因信息。) |
| 基因改造 | genetic modification Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes (由电离辐射，接触某些化学物质，摄取某些药物和其他原因产生的可遗传变异。) |
| 基因改造生物 | genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered (一种基本基因被外部过程修改过的生物。) |
| 基因毒性 | genotoxicity |
| 基因资源保护 | conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare (为保证品种多样化及多变化，同时考虑当前与潜在人类福祉，而对自然及人工培育有机体基因库进行的控制性利用、保护和发展。) |
| 基本代谢过程 | basic metabolic process |
| 基本种 | keystone species |
| 基本食物需求 | basic food requirement The minimum nutriments deemed necessary for a person of a particular age, gender, physiological condition and activity level to sustain life, health and growth (对于某个特定年龄，性别，物理状态以及活跃程度的人维持生命，健康和成长的最低营养需求。) |
| 基线检测 | baseline monitoring Monitoring of long-term changes in atmospheric compositions of particular significance to the weather and the climate (对于天气和气候有重要意义的大气成分长期变化，所进行的监测。) |
| 基质压 | matric pressure |
| 奖励基金 | incentive fund Money or financial resources set aside to stimulate, encourage, or incite action towards greater productivity (拨出作为刺激、鼓励或激励朝向提高生产力的货币或金融资源。) |
| 干预基金 | intervention fund Money or financial resources set aside to interpose or interfere in any business affair in order to affect an outcome (预留的用以干预或介入其他业务以产生影响的金钱或金融资源。) |
| 微生物、细菌；胚原基 | germ 1. A pathogenic micro-organism. 2. Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium (1. 一种能引发疾病的微生物 2. 能够进化成一个器官，一部分或整个有机体的活性物质；一种原基) |
| 成本回收基础 | cost recovery basis A standard used to provide reimbursement to individuals or organizations for any incurred expense or provided service (为个人或组织的任何支出提供偿还或服务的一种标准。) |
| 欧洲货币基金 | European Monetary Fund Fund organized by the European Monetary System in which members of the European Community deposit reserves to provide a pool of resources to stabilize exchange rates and to finance balance of payments in support of the pending full European Monetary Union (欧洲货币体系组织的基金，欧洲共同体成员储蓄储备以提供一定资金集合，用来稳定汇率和财政收支差额以及支持即将到来的完整欧洲货币联盟。) |
| 氨基酸 | amino acid Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). About 30 amino acids are known. They are fundamental constituents of living matter because protein molecules are made up of many amino acid molecules combined together. Amino acids are synthesized by green plants and some bacteria, but some (arginine, histidine, lysine. threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane) cannot be synthesized by animals and therefore are essential constituents of their diet. Proteins from specific plants may lack certain amino acids, so a vegetarian diet must include a wide range of plant products (含有羟酸基(-COOH)和氨基(-NH2)的有机化合物。已知的氨基酸约有30种。蛋白质分子是由许多氨基酸分子所结合，因此，氨基酸是生物的基本构成物质。氨基酸由绿色植物和一些细菌合成，但也有一些氨基酸(如精氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯基丙氨酸和色氨酸)是动物本身无法合成的。因此，这些氨基酸是动物饮食中的重要成分。某些植物蛋白可能缺乏某些氨基酸，因此，素食者应食用各种各样的植物产品。) |
| 水土保持基金 | land and water conservation fund |
| 水质改善基金 | Water Conditioning Fund |
| 烷基化合物 | alkyl compound |
| 烷基化合物 | alkyl compound Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals (含有一个或多个烷基的化合物) |
| 环境基金 | environmental fund Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources (为了生态维护或自然资源的保护、防护或庇护等措施所拨出的财政资源。) |
| 环境保护基金 | environment defense fund |
| 美国石油环境研究基金 | Petroleum Environmental Research Fund |
| 硝基化合物 | nitro compound Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom (任何一个通常包含单价基、与一个碳原子相连的二氧化氮(硝基)的有机化合物类。) |
| 空中进攻基地 | air attack base |
| 营养培养基 | nutrient medium A medium providing or contributing to nourishment (一个提供或造就营养的媒介。) |
| 遗传物质，基因物质 | germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes (通过交配传播给子代的遗传物质。) |
