| Chinese | English |
| 动物基因 | animal genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research (关于动物遗传物质的科学性研究，有理论的和实际的应用，如：族群增加、保育和疾病研究。) |
| 基因 | gene A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene) (一组遗传物质，是DNA的组成部分，在染色体上有固定位置。基因能决定个体性状，通过描述组成蛋白质或部分蛋白质的多肽链(结构基因)或组织这种操作(抑制基因)来做到这一点。) |
| 基因工程 | genetic engineering 1. The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine. 2. The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material (1. 产生新基因或改变染色体结构以产生对人类有利的效果的复杂技术 2. 通过添加和替换基因材料，刻意制造新基因或改变基因) |
| 基因工程法规 | genetic engineering legislation |
| 基因库 | gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer (种子或植物组织的仓库，在低温和低湿度下保存，以帮助保持遗传多样性。有时也被称为种子银行或生殖原生质银行。其内容主要是源于一种原始品种和野生作物。于1974年成立的国际植物遗传资源委员会，促进重大植物物种的遗传资源的收集，记录，评价，保护和最终使用。基因库是国际争论的主题，因为它们大部分是由工业发达国家从发展中国家获得的，而这些发展中国家有自己的育种计划来开发新品种。原来需要通过几十年的时间通过传统施肥方案植物育种，现在有可能通过直接操控植物基因，创造改造微生物，而获得更好的抗病性以及更高的生产率，因此能够比差同育种方案产生更大的收益。) |
| 基因库 | genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms (有性繁殖能力的种群成员携带的基因总量或基因信息。) |
| 基因改造 | genetic modification Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes (由电离辐射，接触某些化学物质，摄取某些药物和其他原因产生的可遗传变异。) |
| 基因改造生物 | genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered (一种基本基因被外部过程修改过的生物。) |
| 基因毒性 | genotoxicity |
| 基因资源保护 | conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare (为保证品种多样化及多变化，同时考虑当前与潜在人类福祉，而对自然及人工培育有机体基因库进行的控制性利用、保护和发展。) |
| 遗传物质，基因物质 | germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes (通过交配传播给子代的遗传物质。) |
