| Chinese | English |
| 地质学 | geology The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation (研究地球及其历史，以及岩石中记载的生命过程的科学。包括对一个地区的地质特征的研究，如岩层几何分布，风化和侵蚀，和沉积作用。) |
| 地质技术学；土工学 | geotechnics The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth (通过探测跟踪、判断读取和使用地壳原料的知识，运用科学方法和工程原理在土木工程问题的应用。) |
| 水文地质学 | hydrogeology The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition (一门科学用以研究地表与地下水的形成、利用、和改变土地的功能(主要是藉由冲蚀和沉积)。) |
| 海洋地质学 | marine geology That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials (对于海洋，特别是针对大洋底和海洋大陆边界的研究，包括海底地形特征、海洋底部沉积物和岩石的海洋化学和岩石学、海水和波浪对海洋底部及其材料的影响。) |
| 石油地质学 | petroleum geology The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons (与石油、煤、天然气的起源、迁移和储积，地质分布和商业发现有关的学科。它的实践包括地球化学、地球物理、古生物学、结构地质和地层学的应用，以及发现碳氢化合物的问题。) |
| 采矿地质学 | mining geology The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining (矿床地质方面的研究，特别考虑到与采矿有关的问题。) |
