| Chinese | English |
| 地球物理学 | geophysics The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space (地球和地球环境的物理构造，也就是地球、大气和太空。) |
| 地理学 | geography The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them (对地球表面的自然特征的研究，包括地形，气候，土壤，植被等，以及人类对其的反应。) |
| 政治地理学 | political geography The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena (人文地理影响政治活动，政治行为涉及的空间分析和政治现象。) |
| 环境与工程地球物理学会 | Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society |
| 生物地理学研究动植物的地理分布, 与动物和植物的地理分布有关的科学。 | biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 经济地理学 | economic geography The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface (关于人类谋生，生产、分配和消耗商品和服务的空间型态的地理学。 三十年来，经济地理学的发展见证了描述分析法的更替，导向因素的判定及影响地表经济活动的空间差异性过程的了解。) |
