| environ. | 地形学 | geomorphology The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features (对目前地形的分类，描述，性质，起源和发展及其与底层结构的联系，和地表特征所记录的地质变化历史所进行的研究。) |
