| Chinese | English |
| 土壤质地 | soil texture 1. Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2. Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil (1. 指大量土壤中的个体土壤的各大小团体(沙，淤泥和粘土)的相对比例。 2. 土壤以土壤颗粒的大小和比例按等级分为三类，如土壤中现有的沙、淤泥和粘土等。) |
| 地下水水质 | groundwater quality Groundwater accounts for over 95% of the earth's useable fresh-water resources; over half the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. This invisible resource is vulnerable to pollution and over-exploitation. Effective conservation of groundwater supplies requires the integration of land-use and water management (地下水占地球可用淡水资源的95％；超过半数的地球人口依靠地下水作为饮用水源。这种看不见的资源容易受到污染和过度开采，为有效节约地下水资源，必须整合土地使用和水资源管理。) |
| 地区水质量控制局 | Regional Water Quality Control Boards |
| 地质学 | geology The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation (研究地球及其历史，以及岩石中记载的生命过程的科学。包括对一个地区的地质特征的研究，如岩层几何分布，风化和侵蚀，和沉积作用。) |
| 地质技术学；土工学 | geotechnics The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth (通过探测跟踪、判断读取和使用地壳原料的知识，运用科学方法和工程原理在土木工程问题的应用。) |
| 地质灾害 | geological disaster Disasters caused by movements and deformation of the earth's crust (由于地球运动和地壳变形引起灾害。) |
| 地质过程 | geological process Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions (由于重力，温度变化，冻融，化学反应，地震摇晃，风和水，冰和雪的作用而使地表发生的动态变化或事件。当受力超过地球的物质的承受能力，物质会因为变形，移位，或化学反应发生变化。) |
| 水文地质学 | hydrogeology The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition (一门科学用以研究地表与地下水的形成、利用、和改变土地的功能(主要是藉由冲蚀和沉积)。) |
| 泥质滩地 | mud flat A relatively level area of fine silt along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by shallow water (一个沿海岸(如在一个封闭的河口)或岛屿的相对平坦的泥沙区域，由潮水间隔地覆盖或浅水覆盖。) |
| 海洋地质学 | marine geology That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials (对于海洋，特别是针对大洋底和海洋大陆边界的研究，包括海底地形特征、海洋底部沉积物和岩石的海洋化学和岩石学、海水和波浪对海洋底部及其材料的影响。) |
| 石油地质学 | petroleum geology The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons (与石油、煤、天然气的起源、迁移和储积，地质分布和商业发现有关的学科。它的实践包括地球化学、地球物理、古生物学、结构地质和地层学的应用，以及发现碳氢化合物的问题。) |
| 采矿地质学 | mining geology The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining (矿床地质方面的研究，特别考虑到与采矿有关的问题。) |
