| Chinese | English |
| 地形学 | geomorphology The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features (对目前地形的分类，描述，性质，起源和发展及其与底层结构的联系，和地表特征所记录的地质变化历史所进行的研究。) |
| 地形改变 | landscape alteration Landscapes might change through time as a result of human activities or natural processes such as fires or natural disasters. Changes in landscape structure can be documented by using data from aerial photographs or satellite images, and new technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (由于一段时间的人类活动或自然过程，如火灾或自然灾害造成的地貌可能发生变化。地形结构的变化可以通过从空中拍摄的照片或卫星影像数据以及诸如遥感和地理信息系统的新技术得出。) |
| 地理信息系统数字形式 | GIS digital format The digital form of data collected by remote sensing (通过遥感收集的数据的数字形式。) |
| 地貌形成过程 | geomorphic process The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables (地球表面和作用其上的自然力之间的物理和化学交互作用。此过程由地质情况、气候、植被、基准面等自然环境变量来决定，与人为影响无关。而这些变量中任意一个的改变都会影响这个过程的本质和进度。) |
| 开矿之后的地形 | landscape after mining The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value (开采后的地形损毁了地表的外形，并在缺乏矫正的情况下导致了永久性的损害痕迹。这一过程损坏了重要的表层土壤，干扰了排水模式，破坏了农业、森林和陆地的生产能力，并损害了它们的审美价值和社会价值。) |
