| Chinese | English |
| 人为因素 | anthropogenic factor |
| 动物基因 | animal genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research (关于动物遗传物质的科学性研究，有理论的和实际的应用，如：族群增加、保育和疾病研究。) |
| 化学胁迫因子 | chemical stress factor |
| 单胁迫因子 | single stress factor |
| 品质能量因数 | energy factor |
| 因子复合体 | factor complex |
| 因果关系 | cause-effect relation The relating of causes to the effects that they produce (原因和结果之间的关系。) |
| 土壤胁迫因子 | edaphic stressor |
| 基因 | gene A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene) (一组遗传物质，是DNA的组成部分，在染色体上有固定位置。基因能决定个体性状，通过描述组成蛋白质或部分蛋白质的多肽链(结构基因)或组织这种操作(抑制基因)来做到这一点。) |
| 基因工程 | genetic engineering 1. The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine. 2. The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material (1. 产生新基因或改变染色体结构以产生对人类有利的效果的复杂技术 2. 通过添加和替换基因材料，刻意制造新基因或改变基因) |
| 基因工程法规 | genetic engineering legislation |
| 基因库 | gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer (种子或植物组织的仓库，在低温和低湿度下保存，以帮助保持遗传多样性。有时也被称为种子银行或生殖原生质银行。其内容主要是源于一种原始品种和野生作物。于1974年成立的国际植物遗传资源委员会，促进重大植物物种的遗传资源的收集，记录，评价，保护和最终使用。基因库是国际争论的主题，因为它们大部分是由工业发达国家从发展中国家获得的，而这些发展中国家有自己的育种计划来开发新品种。原来需要通过几十年的时间通过传统施肥方案植物育种，现在有可能通过直接操控植物基因，创造改造微生物，而获得更好的抗病性以及更高的生产率，因此能够比差同育种方案产生更大的收益。) |
| 基因库 | genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms (有性繁殖能力的种群成员携带的基因总量或基因信息。) |
| 基因改造 | genetic modification Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes (由电离辐射，接触某些化学物质，摄取某些药物和其他原因产生的可遗传变异。) |
| 基因改造生物 | genetically modified organism An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered (一种基本基因被外部过程修改过的生物。) |
| 基因毒性 | genotoxicity |
| 基因资源保护 | conservation of genetic resources Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare (为保证品种多样化及多变化，同时考虑当前与潜在人类福祉，而对自然及人工培育有机体基因库进行的控制性利用、保护和发展。) |
| 复合因素 | factor complex |
| 定位因子 | site factors |
| 市场因素 | factor market Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services (在购买、销售和特定货物或服务交易中的影响结果的重要因素。) |
| 归因 | attribution Under certain circumstances, the tax law applies attribution rules to assign to one taxpayer the ownership interest of another taxpayer (在某些情况下，税法会应用归因条例将一位付税人的所有权利息指派给另一位付税人。) |
| 排放因素 | emission factor |
| 最小因子 | factor at minimum |
| 气候因子 | climatic factor Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. (决定某一地区的气候的物理条件，例如纬度、海拔、洋流等。) |
| 火灾原因 | causes of fires |
| 火灾原因确定 | fire cause determination |
| 火灾原因确定 | fire investigation |
| 火灾原因种类 | fire cause class |
| 特定胁迫因子 | particular stressor |
| 特殊因子机制 | factor-specific mechanism |
| 环境因素 | site factors |
| 环境因素 | environmental factors |
| 环境地球化学因素 | geogenic factor Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic) (源于土壤，而非源于人(人为)的因素。) |
| 环境比例因子 | environmental scale factor |
| 生境因素 | site factors |
| 生态因子 | ecological factors |
| 生态因素 | ecological factors |
| 生态因素 | ecological factor An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities (在给定的条件下，对生物体或其群落施加的可观影响，引起生物体数量的增减或生物群落内部变化的环境因素。) |
| 生物因素 | biotic factor The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor (由于存在和其他生物有机体的活动对生物环境的影响。不同于物理、非生物、环境因素。) |
| 社会经济因素 | socioeconomic factor An essential element in a society's make-up, organization or behavior that combines financial dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics (一个社会的组成，组织或行为的基本要素，它结合了人际或群体间的财务方面。) |
| 经济诱因 | economic incentive Rewards or penalties offered by government or management to induce an economic sector, company or group of workers to act in such a way as to produce results that plan objectives or policy goals (政府或管理机构提供的奖金或罚款，旨在促进经济部门、公司或工人团体在政府的计划或政策目标内进行生产。) |
| 致病原因 | disease cause |
| 诱变剂，诱变因素 | mutagen An agent that raises the frequency of mutation above the spontaneous rate. An agent that causes changes to plants and animals, particularly to their genetic material and especially at the time of reproduction. Certain chemicals and forms of radiation are powerful mutagens that damage the DNA, or genetic material in the centre of every cell of a living organism (增加突变频率而高于自发节律的药剂。药剂导致植物和动物特别是其遗传物质的变化，尤其是在繁殖的期间。某些化学物质和辐射诱变形式对DNA或每个生物体细胞中心的遗传物质造成强力突变。) |
| 遗传物质，基因物质 | germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes (通过交配传播给子代的遗传物质。) |
| 附加胁迫因子 | additional stressor |
| 附加胁迫因子 | additional stress factor |
| 雷电危险度量因子 | lightning risk scaling factor |
| 非生物因素 | abiotic factor Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem (物理，化学和其他非生物环境因素。他们对于生态系统中的植物和动物至关重要，提供生长必须的基本要素和营养素。非生物因素还包括生态系统的气候和土壤的组成部分。) |
