| Chinese | English |
| 一种铝粉 AL、硝铵 AN和燃油混合物 | a mixture of aluminium powder, ammonium nitrate AN and fuel oil (FO) |
| 一般爆炸能力和起爆系统 | general performance characteristics, initiation systems |
| 三向分层总和法考虑到地基侧向变形对纵向压缩变形的影响，而对分层总和法进行修正后得出的计算地基沉降量的方法 | three-directional layerwise summation method |
| 上游原材料供应和硝酸铵生产、以及炸药在矿区的最终用途、是考虑的内容 | Upstream raw material supply and ammonium nitrate manufacture are considered, together with the end-use of explosives on mine sites |
| 不和谐的 | jarring |
| 不同比例的铵油炸药和聚苯乙烯颗粒的混合物 | ISANOL |
| 不同的分子炸药混人融化的梯恩梯中、将附加的能量和/或感度赋予助爆药 | Different molecular explosives are mixed into the melted TNT and impart additional energy and/or sensitivity to the booster |
| 中和反应 | neutralization effect |
| 中和带 | neutral zone |
| 中和效应 | neutralization effect |
| 中和酸性 | deacidification |
| 为了世界和平正是该组织工作的目标 | World peace is a cause the organization works for |
| 为了减少索赔事件的发生、炸药的使用人员保存完整的爆破作业记录是聪明的举措、监测爆破振动和冲击波、尽可能通知公众、尽量降低钻孔和交通噪声、减少粉尘并减小其他可觉察到的影响 | In order to reduce damage claims, the explosives user is wise to keep complete records of his operations, to monitor vibrations and airblast, to do what he can to inform the public, and to minimize drilling noise,dust,traffic noise, and other perceptible effects |
| 为争取和平而努力 | strike a blow for peace |
| 乳化类炸药与硝铵炸药和浆状炸药一样、也适合随意散装 | As with ANFO and slurries, emulsions lend themselves readily to bulk loading |
| 交通规则适用于所有车辆和行人 | Traffic rules apply to all vehicles and pedestrians |
| 亲和力性 | affinity |
| 亲和势能 | affinity |
| 人们虽然考虑到炮泥长度,但没考虑到炮孔填塞材料和岩石粒度 | Some consideration is given to the stemming length but no consideration is given to the stemming material and particle size of the rock |
| 人的思维总是受经验和自然条件的限制 | Human thinking is always bounded by experience as well as natural conditions |
| 从预测大气模型和测声设备中获得的数据输人到大气折射模型、从而能评价气象对爆炸现场周边区域内的冲击波能级的影响 | Real-time data from a predictive meteorological model and sounding equipment is input to an atmospheric refraction model that enables the effect of meteorology on airblast levels in the area surrounding the blast site to be evaluated |
| 他们成功地采用了超声波技术把鱼赶走、有效避免爆破对珍贵鱼类和其他水生物的不利影响、因而体现了工程建设与生态保护的和谐 | They have successfully adopted ultrasonic technology to drive away fish, which effectively avoided the impact of blasting on such valuable fish and other aquatic organisms, thus reflecting the harmony of engineering construction and ecological protection |
| 众所周知、不同类型岩石的破碎特点差别很大、尤其在破碎曲线的细端变化大、因为岩石破碎受自身的内在属性控制、而不是受岩石自身的大缺陷和结构的控制 | The breakage characteristics of different rock types are known to vary over a wide range, especially at the fine end of the fragmentation curve where breakage is controlled by the inherent properties of the rock substance itself, rather than being controlled by its larger scale flaws and structure |
| 伞和超额责任 | umbrella and excess liability |
| 使和谐一致 | according |
| 保持精度和深度 | maintaining accuracy and depth |
| 先进的社会是由物质文明、精神文明和环境文明构成的 | An advanced society consists of material,spiritual and environmental civilizations |
| 光面爆破和预裂爆破机理关于光面爆破和预裂爆破机理，有不同的理论。众多的认识是应力波和爆生气体共同作用,即炸药爆炸瞬间形成的冲击波的动压作用,在炮孔壁形成初始裂纹以及高温、高压的爆生气体的准静压和气楔作用，使炮孔沿其连心线形成贯通裂隙 | mechanism of smooth blasting and presplitting blasting |
| 冲击和撞击试验与炸药在制造运输过程中受偶然撞击或冲击相关的试验。已有多种试验方法,如气隙试验,最低增压试验、雷管敏感度试验、 BAM 落锤试验、射强冲击试验，以及 BAM50/60 钢管试验 | shock and impact test |
| 冲击波与自由边界和自由界面相互作用理论 | theory of wave interaction with free boundaries and interfaces |
| 冲击波压力损失与炸药的爆炸压力有关、可以通过计算炸药的密度和爆速来估算。因此、炸药的冲击波压力损失的测定可以通过实验引人一些诸如温度、静态和动态预压及导爆索支线等变量来确定 | The shock pressure loss is related to the explosive's detonation prepressure, which can be estimated by knowing the density and detonation velocity of the explosive. Therefore, the SLF for a test explosive can be experimentally determined by introducing in the test certain additional variables, such as temperature,static and dynamic pre-compression and detonating cord downline |
| 冻结和解冻试验仅适用于胶状类型的硝化甘油炸药的温度试验。将一个敞开的 100g 重的药卷放人一个相当尺寸的试管中，该试管由光滑的塞子封闭，在 freezing 3freezing-6°C 温度下放置16h,然后在室温下保存8h。将该实验重复进行3d, 检查药卷是否变形有无炸药胶体泄漏 | freezing and thawing test |
| 分层总和法将地基受压层划分为若干小层，按无侧胀条件分别计算压缩量，而后求和得到地基总沉降量的方法 | layerwise summation method |
| 制造和组成 | manufacturing and composition |
| 加权和 | sum of weighted inputs |
| 化学亲和力 | chemical affinity |
| 协会和专业团体的角色 | role of associations and professional societies |
| 单点和多点引爆 | single-point initiation to multi-point initiation in boreholes |
| 危害和风险 | hazards and risks |
| 发射角和发射速度取决于爆破设计 | dependence of launch angles and velocities on blast design |
| 变暖和 | thaw |
| 变缓和 | moderate |
| 叠氮化铅、三硝基间苯二酚铅和铝的混合物 | a mixture of lead azide, lead styphnate and aluminium (通常称为起爆药,雷管中使用) |
| 另外、为避免气体的碳释放到大气中、可能需要碳的捕获和储存技术 | Alternatively, carbon capture and storage CCS technologies may be required to avoid these emissions to atmosphere |
| 吸附干燥和除臭 | absorptive drying and sweetening |
| 和…在一起 | with |
| ANFO 和多孔聚苯乙烯微粒的混合物 | mixture of ANFO with expanded polystyrene beads |
| 和睦的 | united |
| 和解 | compound |
| 和解 | accommodation |
| 和解妥协 | compound |
| 和谐的 | balanced |
| 咼压和能量传输线 | high-voltage and power transmission lines |
| 国家发展和改革委员会 | State Development and Reform Committee |
| 在炸药爆炸过程中、合成能量转化为破岩和位移这些有益的实用能量。振动、冲击波和飞石这些不利的负面效应也是由合成能量产生的 | In the detonation of explosives, the resultant energy is converted into beneficial applications such as fragmentation and displacement. It is also responsible for adverse side effects such as vibration, airblast and flyrock |
| 在过去的几十年里、人们对飞石现象进行了大量的实验研究和理论研究 | Much experimental and theoretical work about flyrock phenomena has been performed in the past decades |
| 在这种情况下爆破的岩石块度大、而且由于冲量相同、岩石的速度和抛掷距离结果变小 | Racks to be blasted in such a case have large masses and,for the same impulse, their velocity and throw distance will be consequently short |
| 地下管路和设备的振动效应 | vibration effects on buried pipelines and utilities |
| 复杂波和波干涉 | complex waves and wave interference |
| 夏日的干热风烘烤着庄稼和其他生灵 | Dry summer blasts bake crops and other life |
| 大气温度和风速的变化会影响爆炸能在空气中的传爆 | Variations in air temperature and wind velocity influence the transmission of blast energy through the air |
| 如果岩石碎片抛到容许的范围之外、就会造成人员伤亡和财产损坏 | These rock fragments result in human injuries, fatalities and structure damages when they are thrown beyond the allowable limits |
| 安全爆破距离是指抛掷的碎片不会越出预定的范围、对周围人和物不造成伤害的最小距离 | A safe blasting distance is the minimum distance beyond which the throw of fragments does not affect the surroundings significantly |
| 对地下矿山和隧道的振动影响 | vibration effects on underground mines and tunnels |
| 对实地数据进行分析,以确定飞石距离和爆破设计参数之间的相互关系 | Field data are analyzed to determine the correlation between flyrock distances and the blast design parameters |
| 对批评和诽谤感觉迟钝 | insensitive to criticism and slander |
| 对水分的极端敏感和对基本的岩石结构及其破碎特性钝感表明、这种评估方法只可找到有广泛代表性的值 | The extreme sensitivity to moisture content and insensitiveness to the basic rock texture and breakage characteristics suggests that only quite broadly representative values are likely to be generated by this estimation approach |
| 对水分的极端敏感和对基本的岩石结构及其破碎特性钝感表明、这种评估方法只可找到有广泛代表性的值 | The extreme sensitivity to moisture content and insensitivity to the basic rock texture and breakage characteristics suggests that only quite broadly representative values are likely to be generated by this estimation approach |
| 对爆破振动和岩体破碎的控制 | control of blast vibration and fragmentation |
| 对称和扭转变形 | symmetric and torsional deformation |
| 导线和电线 | lead lines and wire |
| 就某些类型的爆破而言、考虑药包的几何形状和安放位置、有时称之为空间分布、也有重要意义 | For some types of blasting, it is also significant to consider the geometric shape and positioning of the explosive charges, sometimes called spatial distribution |
| 尽管用精确定时和微妙爆破方法获得一些好处、但也出现一些问题 | Notwithstanding the benefits arising from good timing and millisecond delay, a number of problems arose |
| 岩石和土的接触面 | rock-soil interfere |
| 工程金属结构和机电设备购置及安装费用工程各项钢管、铁塔、钢闸门、启闭机、起重机、水泵、水轮机组、发电机组、变电场等金属结构和机电设备的购置费及其运输、吊装、调试费用的总称 | purchasing and installation cost of metallic structures and mechanic-electric facilities of project |
| 已知矿体的几何形状和空间分布特征 | geometry and spatial lay-out of a known orebody |
| 巷道和隧道开挖方法 | drifting and tunneling methods |
| 巷道、平巷、横巷、平硐和斜坡的高度指开凿通道横截面的最大垂直距离 | incline or decline |
| 巷道、平巷、横巷、平硐和斜坡的高度指开凿通道横截面的最大垂直距离 | adit |
| 巷道、平巷、横巷、平硐和斜坡的高度指开凿通道横截面的最大垂直距离 | crosscut |
| 巷道、平巷、横巷、平硐和斜坡的高度指开凿通道横截面的最大垂直距离 | drift |
| 巷道、平巷、横巷、平硐和斜坡的高度指开凿通道横截面的最大垂直距离 | height of tunnel |
| 布置的两个变体分别为“V形布置”和"露天矿V形布置" | en-echelon |
| 延时和顺序起爆的精度 | accuracy of timing and sequential firing |
| 延时时间的精度和准确度 | timing accuracy and precision |
| 延迟精度和延迟定时 | delay accuracy and timing |
| 建议采用以总的碳含量为基础的初始标准法、以避免理想爆轰法规的局限性和人为条例 | In this regard, recommendations are made to adopt an initial standard approach based on total carbon content, avoiding limitations and artifacts of ideal detonation codes |
| 当炸药威力大、产生的震感强、噪声大、飞石多。如果炸药威力太小、由于抵抗线和围压增加、会导致爆破失败、而且对于每次延时所用的药量而言、所产生的振动会比预计的要大 | While a high powder factor may generate higher levels of vibration, noise and flyrock, a power factor that is too low may cause a blast to fail and may generate more vibration than expected for the charge per delay that was used, because of increased burden and confinement |
| 影响空气冲击波释放的可控因素是装药重量、炮孔直径、抵抗线、堵塞高度和爆炸定向 | controllable factors that affect airblast emission include charge weight, hole diameter, burden, stemming height and blast orientation |
| 性能和规格规程 | performance and specification rules |
| 成分控制和计量系统 | composition control and accounting System |
| 所计算的能量和膨胀功的最大误差源炸药无法达到理想爆轰、对于大多民用炸药来说、这个偏差很大 | The greatest source of error in the calculated energy and expansion work is the deviation from ideal detonation,which is large far most commercial explosives |
| 打那以后,老奶奶和小孙子就相依为命 | The old grandmother and the grandson have been bound up in each other since then |
| 按比例调整距离和方向 | proportional adjustment of range and direction |
| 按规定掺和 | custom blending |
| 振动持续时间是爆破设计、距离和地质学这三者的函数 | The vibration duration is a junction of blast design,distance and geology |
| 明确的测试标准和条例 | specified test criteria and protocols |
| 明确责任和关系 | defined responsibility and relationship |
| 最大上升率和最大衰减率 | maximum raise and maximum decay rates |
| 最近几十年、由于二氧化碳及其他温室气体的大量排放、人们关切的全球变暖问题敦促诸多工业调研和实施减少气体排放的标准 | Global warming concerns due to large quantities of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases GHGs in recent decades are driving many industries to investigate and implement emissions reductions |
| 最近的 20 年、海内外为拆除和建设而开拓了各种行之有效的爆破方法 | In recent two decades different effective blasting methods have been pioneered for destruction and construction at home and overseas |
| 有人证明使用这种破碎带模型、遇到各种岩石和爆破环境时、能可靠地估算过筛直径为1mm 碎岩的比例 | The crushed zone model has been shown to provide a realistic estimate of the proportion of fragments passing 1 mm for a wide variety of materials and blasting situations |
| 有裂缝和裂隙的岩石。爆口 | cracked and fractured rock |
| 本文的以下部分除详细分析了有关数据以及自变量之间的关系外、还简短探讨了自变量和常量 | The remainder of this paper is intended to make a brief discussion of independent variables and constants as well as a detailed analysis of the relevant data and relationship between the independent variables involved |
| 柴油燃料在开采、提炼和运输过程中会产生二氧化碳 | CO₂ emissions are found from the extraction, refining and transport of diesel fuel |
| 标准压力和温度 | NPT |
| 标牌、爆区安全和进出口控制 | signage , blast area security and access control |
| 根据实际情况和计算药量、参照成功的有可比性的工程、确定药包个数、药量、布置位置、人水深度和起爆顺序 | design procedure of water pressure blasting |
| 此外、明智的炸药用户还须知道不同的结构、公用设施、设备和用具对振动感度的变化、而且要记录爆破场地附近的情况 | Also, the explosives user would be wise to become aware of the variation in vibration sensitivities of different structures, utilities, facilities and materials, and to make note of the conditions near his operations |
| 毫秒继爆管和孔内导爆管雷管 | and in-hole shock tube detonators |
| 毫秒继爆管和孔内导爆管雷管 | MS connectors |
| 毫秒继爆管和孔内导爆管雷管 | detonating cord trunklines |
| 氮饱和 | nitrification |
| 注砂井由贮存充填材料的砂仓和进行水砂混合的注砂室组成的充填设施 | storage-mixed bin |
| 注砂井由贮存充填材料的砂仓和进行水砂混合的注砂室组成的充填设施 | sand filling shaft |
| 混装和泵送车系统 | blend and pump truck systems |
| 火雷管起爆和电起爆 | squeezings and electric igniters |
| B 炸药是由黑索金RDX、梯恩梯TNT和大约1%石蜡组成的混合物、通常用来制造浇铸中继起爆药柱。经典的炸药配比为60%黑索金和40%梯恩梯、爆速为7800m/s25600英尺/秒 | composition B is a mixture of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine RDX, trinitrotoluene TNT and approximately 1% wax,used to make cast boosters. The typical explosive formulation contains 60% RDX and 40% TNT and detonates at speed of composition7800 mps 25600 fps |
| 炸药爆炸时的气体排放、与采矿和矿物利用导致的下游气体排放相比要少些 | The emissions from explosives are small in comparison to the downstream emissions associated with mining and mineral utilization |
| 炸药的存储和安全 | explosives storage and security |
| 炸药的物理性质和爆炸性能 | explosives properties and performance characteristics |
| 然而、与这些巨大的效益结伴而行的是、炸药在使用时会产生声响和振动、这是无法摆脱的负面影响 | Along with these immense benefits, however, the use of explosives has an unwanted side effect in the form of sounds and vibrations |
| 然而、大规模减少单位炸药消耗量是不可取的、因为这样反倒影响破碎作用和排石量 | It is not recommended, however, to reduce the powder factor significantly because it will adversely affect the fragmentation and |
| 然而、必须注意的是、不管什么生物燃料、其所谓的碳中和性的程度、则随着这种植物的种植、施肥、收割、运输和加工方法、以及能量输人要求的变化而变化 | It must be noted, however, that the extent of so-called" carbon neutrality"of any biofuel varies according to the crop cultivation fertilization,harvesting, transport and processing methods and energy input requirements |
| 然而、必须注意的是、不管什么生物燃料、其所谓的碳中和性的程度、则随着这种植物的种植、施肥、收割、运输和加工方法、以及能量输人要求的变化而变化 | It must be noted, however, that the extent of so-called" carbon neutrality"of any biofuel varies according to the crop cultivation fertilization, harvesting, transport and processing methods and energy input requirements |
| 然而、这样的测量需要涵盖多种条件和炸药、且可能因耗费大、耗时多而受限制 | It might be argued that measurements of gas concentrations arising from real field conditions could provide an improved approach,however such programs would need to cover a wide range of conditions and explosives and could be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming |
| 爆前海洋生物探测和监测 | pre-detonation detection and monitoring of marine creatures |
| 爆前计量、记录和核对 | preblast counting, recording, and verifying |
| 爆后检查和清理 | post blast： clean up and review |
| 爆后计量、记录和核对 | post blast counting, recording, and verifying |
| 爆生气体和应力波综合作用理论该理论认为岩石的破坏是由于爆生气体膨胀和爆炸应力波共同作用的结果。由应力波引起的反射拉伸波加强了径向裂隙的扩展，爆生气体的膨胀,促进了裂隙的发展 | expansion and shock wave coexisting failure theory |
| 爆破和运渣能力 | blasting and dragline performance |
| 爆破中所用的炮泥类型和分量以及对阶梯地形的处理、会大大地影响抛向空中的物质的多寡、因此也大大地影响一次爆破中可能喷出的飞尘比例 | The type and adequacy of the stemming material used and the management of progressive relief during detonation have a strong influence on the amount of material thrown into the air and hence the proportion of dust likely to be emit ted from a blast |
| 爆破产生的气体会沿着炮孔将孔口周边的堵塞物和/或碎块抛出 | Blast gases can vent up along the blasthole to launch stemming material and/ or fragments from the collar region |
| 爆破地震和天然地震的比较爆破地震和天然地震有相似之处是二者都是急剧释放能量，并以波动的形式向外传播，从而引起介质的质点振动，产生地震效应。不同之处: 1. 爆破地震振动幅值虽大，但衰减快，破坏范围不大。 2. 爆破地震地面加速度频率较高。 3. 爆破地震持续时间很短,而天然地震则相反 | comparison between blasting vibration and seismic vibration |
| 爆破宽度和未开采面的高度的关系 | relationship of blast width to highwall height |
| 爆破宽度和高度的关系 | relationship of blast width to blast height |
| 爆破对粉碎和研磨的影响 | blasting for crushing and grinding |
| 爆破效果在很大程度上取决于炸药的类型和数量以及炮泥的类型和数量 | The blasting effect depends to a great extent on the type and amount of both explosives and stemming |
| 爆破既产生了新的裂缝、又延展了固有的裂隙和节理、这样可松动并取出岩体结构中的“原位”岩块 | Blasting involves both the creation of new fractures and the extension of existing cracks and joints to loosen and liberate "in-situ" blocks within the rock mass structure |
| 爆破时延时爆破的次数和类型表明爆轰过程本身持续时间的长短 | The number and type of delays in the blast tell us how long the detonation process itself will last |
| 爆破是露天采矿作业采掘矿物和矿石的一种主要手段 | Blasting is a primary means of extracting minerals and ores at surface mining operations |
| 爆破现场和爆区周围的安全 | safety at the blast site and beyond the blast area |
| 爆破现场的气体和烟尘 | gases and fume generation at the blast site |
| 爆破装药和堵塞 | explosives loading and stemming |
| 爆破计划和警告 | blasting schedule and warnings |
| 爆破计量、记录和核对 | blast counting, recording and verifying |
| 爆速和爆震正面压力基本上是由在爆震正面立即产生反应的炸药的初始部分释放的能量决定的 | The detonation velocity and detonation front pressure are essentially determined by the amount of energy released by the initial fraction of the ingredients that react immediately at the detonation front |
| 物理性质和爆炸性能 | property and performance characteristic |
| 物理特性和爆炸性能 | physical properties and performance characteristics |
| 现场特有的岩石结构和地形 | site-specific rock structure and landform |
| 现有的正在运行的设备和设施 | existing running equipment and facilities |
| 生命周期在过去的十年、是用以量化所有环境影响的标准方法、涉及产品的整个生命周期和过程 | L-Cycle Assessment LCA has been the standard methodology far quantifying all environmental impacts associated with the entire life cycle of products and processes for over a decade |
| 由于包装不结实和装药方法不当造成的浪费才是眼下的问题 | Wastage arising from packaging weakness and from the charge-ing method was an ongoing problem |
| 由于有降低成本的需要、重视矿工的健康和安全的问题以及随着毕业生技术水平的日渐提高、导致我们在20世纪的80年代末和90年代初越来越关注炸药技术的应用 | An ongoing need to reduce costs, and an increasing emphasis on the health and safety of mineworkers,together with the growing influence of technically skilled graduates resulted in increased attention being paid to explosives technologies during the late eighties and early nineties of the previous century |
| 由于膨胀气体挤压这种物质、致使能量损失速度快、爆后产物的压力和温度迅速下降。这些损失作为膨胀波传到反应区之内、因而降低了压力和反应速率、且最终消除了对爆震波面传播的能量支持 | As the expanding gases compress such material, energy is lost rapidly and pressure and temperature drop sharply in the reaction products. These losses are communicated to the interior of the reaction zone as a rarefaction wave, lowering the pressure and reaction rate, and ultimately removing support far the propagation of the detonation front |
| 目标和要求 | objective and goals |
| 直到今天、炸药和爆破温室气体问题尚未在文献中予以充分考虑、而且尚未成为爆破破岩程序的主题 | To date, the issue of GHGs from explosives and blasting has not been given wide consideration in the literature and has not been a subject of the fragblast proceedings |
| 美国矿业法规执行和安全管理局 | Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration |
| 破岩是否得当、是否能控制爆堆形状和飞石,取决于精确爆破定时 | Proper breakage and control of muckpile shape and flyrock are dependent on accurate blast timing |
| 破碎和凸起抛掷过程 | fragmentation and heave process |
| 确定炮孔间距一是靠经验和试验、二是由钻孔直径来定 | spacing determined by experience and trial, and again depends on the drill hole diameter |
| 碧玉柔和的光辉 | the sot fire of green jade |
| 碳的捕获和储存 | carbon capture and storage |
| 科学模型、或者说基本模型、试图立足于现实、描述爆破的物理效果和岩石的力学回应 | Scientific or fundamental models attempt to realistically describe the physical effects of blasting and the mechanical response of the rock |
| 空隙和洞穴 | voids and caverns |
| 粒状炸药对其表面水分的亲和性 | prill's affinity of moisture on its surface |
| 糖浆、硝铵和水的混合炸药 | molasses, ammonium nitrate explosive and water mixture explosive (露天矿爆破) |
| 经过多次实地测试、他们的结论是、如果药量的增加、破碎量和飞石的速度也随之剧增 | After repeated field experiments, they drew a conclusion that as the charge increases, the fragmentation and the velocity of the broken material increases as well |
| 经过造粒的硝铵颗粒和铵油炸药可经过螺旋泵计量 | Prilled AN prill and ANFO can be measured while being loaded with an auger |
| 结合将爆破规程中列出的效果进行量化的输人数据、就能评估基本的爆破释放物和天气影响的共同作用 | When combined with inputs that quantify the effects of blasting specifications,the combined effect of basic blast emission and meteorological effects can be evaluated |
| 给湿孔装药时,用以控制炸药密度和感度的化学气泡法是爆破作业一种常见的方法 | chemical gassing to control product density and sensitivity when loading wet holes is now common in the industry |
| 缓和…的冲击 | cushion |
| 美国培训和发展学会 | American Society for Training and Development |
| 美国采矿,冶金和石油工程师学会 | American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers |
| 老板有意辞退一些雇员、因为他有雇佣权和解雇权 | The boss intends to fire some of his employees, for he has the right to hire and fire |
| 而且、非理想爆轰包括反应不完全、不平衡以及反应区内、外的复杂反应流和膨胀。假设中的理想爆轰则完全没有这些因素 | Furthermore, nonideal detonation involves incomplete reactions, non-equilibrium and complex reactive flow and expansion within and beyond the reaction zone. All these conditions are entirely excluded from ideal code calculations |
| 耐磨性和孔径 | bit wear and borehole diameter |
| 胶管长度和直径 | length and diameter of hose |
| 能量和压力稍有缓冲 | slight buffer of energy and pressure |
| 能量和爆破效果的关系 | correlation of energy results with blasting |
| 能量输人和分布 | energy input and distribution |
| 自动相位和频率控制 | automatic phase and frequency control |
| 药柱和水的扬程压力不会改变这种炸药的密度 | The two advantages of glass microbubbles are the operator does not need to be concerned with sensitizing the mix and the head pressure of the column of explosive and water does not change the density of the composition |
| 蛋糕主要是用面、糖和蛋做的 | Cake consists chiefly of flour, sugar and eggs |
| 装药重量和时间 | charge weight and timing |
| 要想评价气象影响、务必要知道地面上空并且最好在900 米以上的大气温度和风速 | Evaluations of meteorological effects require that the air temperature and wind velocity be known at levels above the ground,preferably up to 900 metres |
| 规程不服从和执行 | rule disobedience and enforcement |
| 规程的解释和差异 | rule interpretations and variances |
| 计划和设计 | planning and design |
| 访问者控制和监测 | visitor control and monitoring |
| 评估是否准确、取决于气象资料和所用的评价模型是否精确 | The accuracy of the assessment depends on both the accuracy of the meteorological data, and the accuracy of the assessment model used |
| 评估空气振动能级受气象效应影响的程度、需要测量或评定地面的以及地面上空的温度、风速和风向 | An of the degree to which air vibration levels will be affected by the effects of meteorology requires that temperature, wind speed and wind direction be measured or evaluated both at the surface and at levels above the ground |
| 诺贝尔和平奖 | Nobel Prize for Peace |
| 调和值 | blending value |
| 调查结果表明、飞石事故是由以下一个以上的因素促成的: 地质及岩石结构的非连续性、炮孔布置和装药量不适当、抵抗线不足、炸药能量高度集中、填塞不足 | Investigations of flyrock accidents have revealed one or more of the following contributing factors: I discontinuity in the geology and rock structure,II improper blast hole layout and loading, III insufficient burden, IV very high explosive concentration, and V inadequate stemming |
| 谐和平均值 | harmonic mean |
| 财产和内陆水运险 | property and inland marine |
| 责任和关系界定 | defined responsibility and relationship |
| 贮藏、处理和运输炸药有着不言而喻的危险、而且受法律和资格证要求的制约 | Storage,handling and transport of explosives have associated hazards and are controlled by legislative and certification requirements |
| 起爆和爆后评估 | blast initiation and post blast assessment |
| 起爆电路设计、电阻计算和危险评价 | electric blasting circuit design, calculations and hazard evaluation |
| 轴径向边界裂缝和破碎 | axi-radial boundary cracks and spalling |
| 辅助器材和工具参见 blasting accessories | accessory and tool |
| 迄今的经验表明、在距矿场20公里的范围内、需要知道900米高空温度和风速的详细情况 | Experience to data has shown that at distances of up to 20 km from mine sites,it is desirable to know details of temperature and wind velocity at levels up to 900 meters |
| 近来、人们把研究的重点大多放在破碎曲线的细端、以探索爆破的潜力、因为爆破的结果会影响到含金属矿石随后的粉碎和加工制造过程 | More recent focus has been provided on the finer end of the fragmentation curve to explore the potential of blasting to influence the subsequent crushing and nulling performance of metalliferous ores |
| 近来的研究提供了更为准确的气象数据、可以用来预测和评价诸如噪声、飞尘抑制、气体排放以及冲击波超压等对环境的影响 | Recent research has provided more accurate meteorological data that may be used for the prediction and assessment of environmental effects such as noise, dust control, and gaseous emission as well as airblast overpressure |
| 这些令人振奋的爆破业绩是通过炸药供应商、矿业集团、研究组织和政府部门之间的合作取得的 | These encouraging blasting results have come about through cooperation between explosives suppliers, mining groups, research organizations and government departments over more than twenty years |
| 这些制约着地下煤开采水平的混杂因素以及影响整个开采过程的地质因素、技术因素和经济因素复杂关系之间的相互作用、已在上文作了详细探讨 | The motley of factors that constrain the level of recovery in underground extraction of coal and the complex interplay of geologic, technologic and economic factors affection the overall recovery process have been discussed above in detail |
| 这块布手感比较柔和,颜色也鲜亮些 | This piece of cloth feels softer and is brighter by comparison |
| 连接和起爆 | tying and initiating the blast |
| 通常用于爆破设计和破碎模型中的这些参数、都是静态的、而非动态性质、只不过在用于模型时经验因素弥补了这种反常 | The parameters that are generally used in blast design and fragmentation modeling are the static rather than the dynamic properties, but empirical factors used in the models compensate for this anomaly |
| 部分抛掷和重力中心运动 | percent cast and center-of-gravity movement |
| 量化和记录钻孔偏差 | quantify and document the borehole deviations |
| 钻孔和爆破对下游工序的影响 | drilling and blasting for downstream benefit |
| 钻孔深度和直径 | borehole depth and diameter |
| 钻工和爆破员联系 | driller and blaster communication |
| 锥形P波和S波与边界和界面的相互作用 | interaction the conically shaped P and S waves with boundaries and interfaces |
| 镀铜的铁质脚线绝缘和识别条码有彩色标记、用以辨别每个延迟时段 | The copper-clad iron leg wire insulation and identifying bands are color-coded for identification of each delay period |
| 阶梯和开口位置 | point of opening and echelons |
| 除了与地质和距离有关的因素外、还有一些因素与爆破作业设计直接相关。其中最重要的是每次延迟的最大装药量、即每次要爆炸的炸药最大量有时标明为每8毫秒间隔爆炸的炸药量 | In addition to factors that are related to geology and distance are those factors that are related directly to the design of blasting operations. The most important of these is the maximum charge weight per delay: that is, the maximum quantity of explosive that detonates at one time sometimes specified as being that which detonates within any eight millisecond period of time |
| 随声附和 | echo |
| 雷管和导火索雷管导火索 | cap and fuse |
| 露天爆破作业产生的飞石已对工作人员和居民造成严重伤亡、所以这是爆破人员始终关切的重大事情之一 | Flyrock from surface blasting operations has caused serious injury and death to employees and habitants,and it is always known as one of the major concerns far the blasters |
| 项目定义:设计规范和爆破方案 | project definition: specifications and blast plan |
| 预测和评价气象对暴风能级影响的实时系统 | realtime system for the prediction and evaluation of the effect of meteorology on airblast levels |
| 风险和危害 | risk and hazards |
| 飞石产生的主要原因包括抵抗线不足、炮泥长度不够、钻孔不精确、单位炸药消耗量过多、地质条件不利露天节理、矿层不稳固和空穴、延时定时和序列不当、延时不精确、发生反向爆破、以及台阶上部岩石松散等 | The major causes of flyrock are inadequate burden, inadequate stemming length, drilling inaccuracy, excessive powder factor,unfavorable geological conditions open joints, weak seams and cavities, inappropriate delay timing and sequence, inaccuracy of delays, back break and loose rock on top of the bench |
| 饱和含水率饱水状态下岩土孔〈空〉隙中水分的质量与固体颗粒质量之比，以百分数表示 | saturated moisture content |
| 饱和吸水率岩石在高压或真空条件下充分吸水时，其水分的质量与固体颗粒质量之比，用百分数表示 | saturated water absorptivity |
| 饱和水容度所有孔〈空〉隙全部充满水时,岩土中水分的质量与固体颗粒质量之比，以百分数表示 | saturated water capacity |
| 饱和淤泥 | saturated sledge |
| 达到饱和状态 | saturation |
