| Chinese | English |
| 一氧化二氮 | nitrogen monoxide A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. (一种无色气体，易溶于水、乙醇和乙醚。它形成于一些硝酸还原反应中，但更方便的制备纯氧化氮反应的是亚硝酸钠、硫酸等反应。) |
| 一氧化氮 | nitrogen oxide A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds, NOx (一种无色气体，在室温条件下，与氧气反应生成二氧化氮，可被用来形成其它化合物。) |
| 一氧化碳 | carbon monoxide Colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to it's lethality, CO (无色、无味、无腐蚀性的、有剧毒的气体，密度和空气一样大。极易燃烧，在空气中燃烧时，有明亮的蓝色火焰。尽管每一个一氧化碳分子有一个碳原子一个氧原子，但它的形状和氧分子相似，这是一氧化碳致死性的一个重要因素。) |
| 一氧化碳污染试验 | carbon monoxide pollution experiment |
| 乳化 | emulsion A stable dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid, such as milk (oil dispersed in water) (液体稳定的扩散于另一种不相容的液体。例如牛奶或油扩散于水中。) |
| 乳化作用 | emulsification The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid (液体在另一个不相容液体中散布的过程。) |
| 二氧化氮 | nitrogen dioxide A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid, NO2 (一种红棕色的气体；它存在不同的浓度以平衡其他氮氧化物；过去常常用来生产硝酸。) |
| 二氧化硫 | sulphur dioxide Emissions of the gas given off during the burning of fossil fuels in power stations and other boilers. Sulphur dioxide is created because sulphur is an impurity in most coal and oils. When the fuel is burned the hot sulphur reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide, SO2 (电站锅炉和其它化石燃料的燃烧期间排放的气体。二氧化硫的形成是因为在大多数的煤和油中存在硫杂质。当燃料燃烧大气中的氧气，通过热硫反应生成二氧化硫。) |
| 二氧化硫胁迫 | sulfur dioxide stress |
| 二氧化硫胁迫 | SO₂stress |
| 二氧化碳 | carbon dioxide A colourless gas with a faint tingling smell and taste. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for plants. As carbon dioxide is heavier than air and does not support combustion, it is used in fire extinguishers. It is a normal constituent of the atmosphere, relatively innocuous in itself but playing an important role in the greenhouse effect. It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels when the carbon content of the fuels reacts with the oxygen during combustion. It is also produced when living organisms respire. It is essential for plant nutrition and in the ocean phytoplankton is capable of absorbing and releasing large quantities of the gas, CO2 (一种无色的气体，有淡淡的刺激性气味和味道。大气中的二氧化碳是植物的碳源。由于二氧化碳比空气重并且不支持燃烧，二氧化碳被用作灭火剂。它是大气的基本组成部分，相对无害，但是在温室效应中扮演着一个重要的角色。它是碳和氧气在燃烧过程中发生反应而产生的，也在生物体呼吸时产生。它是必要的植物营养，而且海洋浮游植物也能吸收和释放大量的二氧化碳。) |
| 二氧化碳同化的三碳途径 | C3 pathway of CO2 assimilation |
| 二氧化碳固定 | carbon capture |
| 二氧化碳固定 | carbon dioxide fixation |
| 二氧化碳固定 | carbon fixation |
| 二氧化碳税 | carbon dioxide tax Compulsory charges levied on fuels to reduce the output of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a colourless and odourless gas substance that is incombustible (强制征收的燃料费，用来降低二氧化碳(CO2)的排放，该气体是一种无色无味不可燃烧的气体。) |
| 二氧化钛 | titanium dioxide A white, water-insoluble powder that melts at 1560°C, and which is produced commercially from the titanium dioxide minerals ilmenite and rutile; used in paints and cosmetics (一种白色，不溶于水的粉末，在1560°C时融化，存在于二氧化钛矿物，钛铁矿和金红石，用于油漆和化妆品工业。) |
| 人为造成的气候变化 | man-made climate change Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate (人为造成的气候变化可能应归于温室效应和其他人类活动。荒漠化和森林砍伐所带来的土地的反照率的变化影响了太阳能在地球表面吸收。从发电厂释放的硫所产生的人造气溶胶可以减轻云层。由氟氯化碳引起的大气中的臭氧层变化可能影响气候。) |
| 人口演化 | demographic evolution The gradual pattern of change in the growth of human populations in a particular region or country, from a rapid increase in the birth and death rates to a leveling off in the growth rate due to reduced fertility and other factors (在特定国家或区域中人口成长的变化趋势，由快速增加的出生率与死亡率到因生育减低与其他因素影响下，成长率趋缓持平的过程。) |
| 人口结构和人口数量的变化趋势 | population trend The direction of change in the total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, district or area (居住在某个国家、城市、区或者区域的人的总数的变化趋势。) |
| 价值变化 | change in value |
| 传统文化 | traditional culture Learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge transmitted over several generations, especially customs and beliefs originating before the advent of modern science and technology (传承了几代的经验的、非随机的、系统的行为和知识。尤其指源于现代科技出现之前的风俗习惯和信仰。) |
| 催化作用 | catalysis A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed (一种现象，在这种现象中，某种少量的物质加速了化学反应，而它本身却没有被消耗。) |
| 催化剂 | catalyst A substance whose presence alters the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds, but whose own composition remains unchanged by the reaction. Catalysts are usually employed to accelerate reactions(positive catalyst), but retarding (negative) catalysts are also used (一种物质，它的存在影响了化学反应进行的速度，但是其本身的组成保持不变。催化剂通常用来加速反应(正催化剂)，但是缓速催化剂(负催化剂)也被使用。) |
| 汽车等的催化式排气净化器 | catalytic converter Catalytic converters are designed to clean up the exhaust fumes from petrol-driven vehicles, which are otherwise the major threat to air quality standards in congested urban streets and on motorways. Converters remove carbon monoxide, the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen. These compounds are damaging to human health and the environment in a variety of ways. The converter is attached to the vehicle' s exhaust near the engine. Exhaust gases pass through the cellular ceramic substrate, a honeycomb-like filter. While compact, the intricate honeycomb structure provides a surface area of 23.000 square metres. This is coated with a thin layer of platinum, palladium and rhodium metals, which act as catalysts that simulate a reaction to changes in the chemical composition of the gases. Platinum and palladium convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rhodium changes nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons into nitrogen and water, which are harmless (催化式排气净化器可用于净化汽油驱动车辆的废气，这些废气是(环境污染)的主要威胁，在拥挤的城市街道和高速公路，烟雾降低了空气的质量标准。净化器去除一氧化碳，以及未燃烧的碳氢化合物和氮氧化物。这些化合物会在各种环境下以各种方式损害人体健康。该净化器安装于汽车的尾部靠近发动机。废气通过蜂窝陶瓷载体和蜂巢状滤波器。虽然设计紧密，但复杂的蜂窝状结构提供了23平方米的表面积。表面涂有铂、钯和铑金属薄层，作为催化剂来促进化学反应。铂和钯将碳转化成二氧化碳、水蒸汽碳氢化合物和一氧化碳。铑将废气改变成氮和水，这些都是无害的氮氧化物和碳氢化合物。) |
| 光化学产物 | photochemical product Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation (降解产物，由光源辐射作用产生。) |
| 光化学代理 | photochemical agent Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions (代理，引发光化学反应。) |
| 光化学反应 | photochemical reaction Chemical reaction which is initiated by light of a specific wavelength. In an environmental context an example is the potential action of ultraviolet light on CFCs which may bring about the detrimental degradation of the ozone layer. Photochemical reactions initiate the process of photosynthesis in which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, which are incorporated into cell materials (该化学反应由一种特定波长的光产生。特定环境下的例子是紫外线照射可能导致含氯氟烃有损臭氧层退化。光化学反应在光合作用的过程中，使植物细胞转化成糖，而二氧化碳是输入细胞的材料。) |
| 光化学效应 | photochemical effect The result or consequence of a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraviolet radiation (产生紫外线的化学反应。) |
| 光化学氧化剂 | photochemical oxidant Any of the chemicals which enter into oxidation reactions in the presence of light or other radiant energy (任何能借助光或其它辐射能发生氧化反应的化学物质。) |
| 光化学污染 | photochemical pollution Air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust (一种大气污染，使空气中的臭氧和其它化合物发生作用而形成的氮氧化物和碳氢化合物，尤其是在汽车尾气中。) |
| 光化烟雾 | photochemical smog A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun. Nitrogen dioxide, in the presence of the sun and some hydrocarbons, is turned into nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacts with the oxygen molecules and other constituents of automobile exhaust fumes to form a variety of products including ozone. The ozone is harmful in itself and is also implicated in a highly complex series of continuing reactions. As long as there is ozone or nitrogen dioxide and sunlight present, other undesirable reactions will occur (结合雾的化学品。主要来自汽车、工厂排放的作用。二氧化氮在太阳作用下和一些碳氢化合物反应变成一氧化氮和原子氧。原子氧与氧分子和其它成分的汽车排放尾气反应形成了多元化的产品包括臭氧。臭氧是有害的。而反应本身也牵涉到一系列复杂的、持续的反应。只要有臭氧和二氧化氮及阳光，这种化学反应就会出现。) |
| 全球变化研究大纲 | global change research program |
| 农用化学品 | agrochemical Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests (用于预防、消灭、驱除、吸引、抑制或控制被认定为害虫的昆虫、啮齿类动物、线虫、细菌、真菌、野草或其它形式的植物、动物或微生物的物质或其混合物。) |
| 净化 | cleansing The act or process of washing, laundering or removing dirt and other unwanted substances from the surface of an object, thing or place (从一个对象、物体或地方的表面清洗、洗涤或清除污垢或其他不需要的物质的行为或过程。) |
| 使净 纯化 | purge |
| 净纯 化 | clarification |
| 净 纯化 | refine |
| 净化 | purification The removal of unwanted constituents from a substance (从物质中去除不需要的部分。) |
| 净化工厂 | purification plant Installation where impurities are removed from waste water (从废水中去除不纯部分的设施。) |
| 净化排放组织 | Discharge Cleanup Organization |
| 美国净化墨西哥海湾联合体 | Clean Gulf Associates |
| 净化能力 | purifying power Regenerative capacity of a system, of soils, water, etc. (系统的再生能力，例如土壤、水等。) |
| 净化去污设备 | decontamination facility |
| 净化设施 | purification facility Equipment for the removal of impurities and unwanted constituents from a medium (去除介质中不纯或不需要的部分的设备。) |
| 刀耕火种文化 | slash and burn culture A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process (:在热带北部和东部非洲的热带草原生活的世代农民使用的传统的耕作系统。这是一个被认可的生态良好的耕作方式，而且由于热带森林的土壤贫瘠，这更是一个农业可持续的方法。这在今天仍然实行，主要是在发展中国家。小部分的森林的灌木被清除，较小的树木被烧毁。解锁植被的养分，给土壤肥料，很容易被植物吸收。几年后，土壤退化，农民又移到另一地点做同样的事。原来的地面而任由荒废任何东西长达20年，可使森林再生。随着人口增长，随后需要更多耕地生产粮食，该方法是目前越来越多地被用来清除大面积的热带森林，用于放牧，在大多数情况下，再也没有留下土地用于足够长时间的休耕及现代机械化耕作系统，没有足够的树桩植物或适宜栖息地留下来启动再生过程。) |
| 分化 | differentiation The development of cells so that they are capable of performing specialized functions in the organs and tissues of the organisms to which they belong (生物体中的细胞为了能够达到其所属器官与组织的特殊功能，而进行的发育。) |
| 分权化 | decentralisation Basic organizational leadership concept and process of shifting and delegating power and authority from a higher level to subordinate levels within the administrative/managerial hierarchy in order to promote independence, responsibility, and quicker decision-making in applying or interpreting policies and procedures to the needs of these levels (为了在应用与执行政策、程序时能符合独立、责任与快速决策的要求。 上级单位可以在行政/管理的分级制度下授予下级单位基本的地方管理权力。) |
| 分析化学美 | Analytical Chemistry |
| 分析化学 | analytical chemistry The branch of chemistry dealing with techniques which yield any type of information about chemical systems (化学的一个分支，利用技术得出化学系统的各类信息) |
| 制度化 | institutionalisation The establishment and normalization of a law, custom, usage, practice, system or regulative principle in the activity or purpose of a group or organization (在一个团体或组织中的活动或活动目标中，法律、惯例、习俗、行为、系统或者调节原则的建立和规范化。) |
| 动物种群相劣化 | bastardisation of fauna One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities (某一地区由于引进非原生于该地的动物而造成的后果之一。 如此的迁移即使没有产生严重后果，但总是会有些许的危险性。 新到的品种可能具有很强的竞争性，或对原生物种和社群产生负面影响。) |
| 化妆品产业 | cosmetic industry Industry for the production of substances for improving the appearance of the body (生产制造用于改善人体外貌的物质的工业。) |
| 化学 | chemistry The scientific study of the properties, composition, and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition of matter, and accompanying energy changes (一种科学研究，研究物质的属性、组成和结构，伴随着着能量变化的物质结构和组成的变化。) |
| 化学药品处理 | chemical treatment Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units (改变废物的成分的化学结构的处理过程，用来生产无害的或者较低危害的物质。化学处理过程很越来越被重视，因为它们产生最极少的空气排放，它们通常在废物产生器的地方进行，一些处理过程能够设计和制造成移动的装置。) |
| 化学元素 | chemical element elements and their compounds ; A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number; common examples are hydrogen, gold, and iron (只有一种原子组成的物质。常见的例子是氢、金和铁。) |
| 化学分析 | chemical analysis The complex of operations aiming to determine the kinds of constituents of a given substance (为了确定某种物质的各种成分的复杂操作。) |
| 化学制品 | chemical product A substance characterized by definite molecular composition (以确定的分子组成为特征的物质。) |
| 化学加工 | chemical process The particular method of manufacturing or making a chemical usually involving a number of steps or operations (制造化学物的特定方法，通常涉及若干步骤。) |
| 化学危险 | chemical risk Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by contact with any substance of a defined molecular composition (接触某些物质或一种给定的分子组成对人体健康或者环境的危害的可能性。) |
| 化学去污 | chemical decontamination Removal of chemical substances from a building, a watercourse, a person's clothes, etc. (从建筑、水道、衣服等清除某些化学物质。) |
| 化学反应 | chemical reaction A change in which a substance is transformed into one or more new substances (一种物质转变成一个或多个新的物质的变化。) |
| 化学变化 | chemical transformation |
| 化学吸收作用 | chemisorption The process of chemical adsorption (化学的吸收的过程。) |
| 化学品安全 | chemical safety |
| 美国化学品安全与危害调查局 | Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board |
| 化学品安全处置 | Safety Handling of Chemicals |
| 化学品检测 | testing of chemicals The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products (对化学产品的疗效和毒性的鉴定。) |
| 化学工业 | chemical industry Industry related with the production of chemical compounds. The chemical processing industry has a variety of special pollution problems due to the vast number of products manufactured. The treatment processes combine processing, concentration, separation, extraction, by-product recovery, destruction, and reduction in concentration. The wastes may originate from solvent extraction, acid and caustic wastes, overflows, spills, mechanical loss, etc. (与化合物制造相关的工业。由于制造了大量的产品，化学加工工业造成了一种特殊的污染问题。) |
| 化学工厂 | chemical plant Plants where basic raw materials are chemically converted into a variety of products (通过化学方法将基础原料转化成一系列产品的工厂。) |
| 化学工程美 | Chemical Engineering |
| 化学工程 | chemical engineering The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve (与化学制品工业生产相关工程的分支。它是在化学中应用数学、物理和自然科学来解决问题的一门学科。化学工程师设计、开发以及优化加工和工厂、操作它们、管理人事和资本，引导新产品开发的必要调查。在他们的努力下，新的石油产品、塑料、农用化学品、日常用品、药物、电子高科技材料、摄影材料、生化合成物、各种各样的食物以及其它产品都出现了。) |
| 化学工程师英 | Chemical Engineer |
| 化学废料 | chemical waste Any by-product of a chemical process, including manufacturing processes. Often this by-product is considered a toxic or polluting substance (化学过程中的任何副产品，包括制造流程。通常这个副产品被视为有毒物或者污染物。) |
| 化学性质 | chemical property Properties of a substance depending on the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, e.g. bio-availability, degradability, persistence, etc. (基于原子在分子中排列的一种物质属性，例如生物可利用性、可降解性、持续性等。) |
| 化学成分 | chemical composition The nature and proportions of the elements comprising a chemical compound (化合物的元素组成的性质和比例。) |
| 化学武器 | chemical weapon Chemical agents of warfare include all gaseous, liquid or solid chemical substances which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man and animals. Chemical weapons also include the chemical's precursors, the munitions and devices designed to deliver them, and any equipment specifically designed for their use in warfare. Nerve agents (chemicals of the same family as organophosphorous insecticides) are the most lethal of the classical chemical warfare agents, killing by poisoning the nervous system and disrupting bodily functions. Other chemical weapons include blister agents, vesicants, choking agents, etc. (用于战争的化学物质，包括所有因为对人类或动物有直接毒性而可以被使用的气体、液体或固体物质。化学武器还包括化学的先质、军火、运输它们的装置，以及特别为战争设计的装备。神经作用剂(一类化学物质，如有机含磷杀虫剂)是最致命的经典的化学战争制剂，通过毒害神经系统和扰乱身体功能而致死。另一些化学武器包括糜烂性毒剂、发泡剂、窒息性毒剂等。) |
| 化学毒物信息系统 | Chemical Toxic Substances Information System |
| 化学污染 | chemical pollution Pollution caused by substances of chemical nature, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. (化学物质引起的污染，包括氯代烃杀虫剂、多氯联苯、金属如水银、铅、镉、砷等。) |
| 化学污染 | chemical contamination The addition or presence of chemicals to, or in, another substance to such a degree as to render it unfit for its intended purpose. Also refers to the result(s) of such an addition or presence (化学物质的添加或参与到另一种物质，使它达到预期的目的。也指这种添加或参加反应的生成物。) |
| 化学污染测定 | chemical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants (通过研究已知化学物质对污染物的行为或反应，以对环境中污染物的存在、程度或类型的定量测量。) |
| 化学污染物 | chemical pollutant |
| 化学海洋学 | chemical oceanography |
| 化学添加 | chemical addition Chemical reaction in which one or more of the double bonds or triple bonds in an unsaturated compound is converted to a single bond by the addition of other atoms or groups (在一种不饱和化合物的一个或多个双键或三键在添加其它原子或分子的条件下被转化成单键的化学反应。) |
| 化学生态型 | chemoecotype (chemoecotypus) |
| 化学、生物和环境的 | chemical, biological and environmental |
| 化学用的政策 | chemical policy |
| 化学的行为 | chemicals act |
| 化学结构 | chemical structure The arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a chemical compound (化学物质分子的原子排布。) |
| 化学肥料 | chemical fertiliser Fertilizer manufactured from chemicals; excessive use of them can cause pollution, when all the chemicals are not taken up by the plants and the excess is leached out of the soil into rivers and may cause algal bloom (用化学物质制造的肥料。过度使用它们会造成污染。当植物没有吸收所有的化学物质时，剩余的从土壤中过滤进入到河里可能导致藻类过量繁殖。) |
| 化学胁迫因子 | chemical stress factor |
| 化学腐蚀 | chemical corrosivity The tendency of a metal to wear away another by chemical attack (金属在化学侵蚀下生成其它物质的倾向。) |
| 化学药品 | chemical Any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules (原子或分子参与且发生变化的反应的反应物或生成物。) |
| 化学装置 | chemical installation Building where chemicals are manufactured (制造化学物品的装置) |
| 化学计算需氧量 | stoichiometric oxygen required |
| 化学辐射尘 | chemical fallout The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions (工业排放造成的大气中积累的化学物质的积淀。) |
| 化学还原 | chemical reduction Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron (有元素获得电子的化学反应。) |
| 化学防治病虫害, 通过使用化合物对被视为害虫的植物或动物的控制。 | chemical pest control Control of plants and animals classified as pests by means of chemical compounds |
| 化学降解 | chemical degradation The act or process of simplifying or breaking down a molecule into smaller parts, either naturally or artificially (自然地或人为地将一个分子分解成小部分的行为或过程。) |
| 化学需氧量 | chemical oxygen demand The quantity of oxygen used in biological and non-biological oxidation of materials in water; a measure of water quality (水中生物或非生物氧化作用中消耗氧的量，是对水体质量的一种评估。) |
| 化工环境污染研究 | study of chemical environmental pollution |
| 化工设备 | chemical plant |
| 化石 | fossil Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time (从过去的一些地质或史前的时间点开始保存在地壳中的任何遗骸、踪迹，或一种植物或动物的印记。) |
| 化石燃料 | fossil fuel The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas (包含有能量的物质，该物质是经过千万年的变化，从原始的动植物或有机物形式，通过在地下的掩埋形成。地壳内部进行的物理化学变化，使其变成煤、泥炭、石油或天然气。) |
| 化肥 | fertiliser Substance added to soil for the purpose of promoting plant life, usually containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, e.g. manure, guano, rock phosphates (加入土壤中的物质，目的是促进植物生长。通常包含氮，钾，磷，例如粪肥，鸟粪，岩石磷酸盐。) |
| 化验分析 | assay Qualitative or quantitative determination of the components of a material, such as an ore or a drug (对于某种物质，比如矿石或者药材，组成部分的定性或者定量的分析。) |
| 卤化三联苯 | halogenated terphenyl |
| 卤化污染物 | halogenated pollutant An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere (与五种卤素元素(砈、溴、氯、氟、碘)中的任何一种元素键结的有机化合物。许多此类化合物会减少平流层中臭氧的浓度。) |
| 卤化物 | halogenated compound A substance containing halogen atoms (含有卤素原子的物质。) |
| 卤化碳氢化合物 | halogenated hydrocarbon One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms (含有卤素的有机碳氢化合物的衍生物，此类化合物包含单一卤素化合物(烷基或芳香族化合物)和含有相同或不同卤素的多卤素化合物。) |
| 卤化联苯 | halogenated biphenyl Halogen derivatives of biphenyl (联苯的卤化衍生物。) |
| 卤化酚 | halogenated phenol Halogen derivatives of phenol (酚的卤化衍生物。) |
| 去除一氧化碳 | carbon dioxide removal |
| 受控环境透明化系统 | controlled environmental vitrification system |
| 可氧化的材料 | oxidizable material Substance that can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen (可与氧进行化学反应的物质。) |
| 同化产物储备不足 | inadequate carbohydrate reserve |
| 同化作用 | assimilation Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue (营养物质对活体组织的转化。) |
| 同化物分配 | distribution of assimilates |
| CO2同化的C3途径 | C3 pathway of CO2 assimilation |
| 含氮生化需氧量 | nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand |
| 呼吸颓化上升 | climacteric rise in respiration |
| 固体氧化物型燃料电池 | solid oxide fuel cell |
| 国有化 | nationalisation The transfer of ownership of a private business or other private property to a national government, either through uncompensated seizure (expropriation) or through forced sale at a government-determined price (私人业务或其他私有财产的所有权转让给一个国家的政府，或者通过无偿扣押(没收)或通过按政府确定的价格被迫出售。) |
| 国际全球大气化学研究项目 | International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project |
| 国际标准化 | international standardisation The process of establishing or conforming something to a norm or measure that is recognized beyond the boundaries of a single country or nation (建立或使某些东西以跨越单独地区或国家承认的准则或度量的过程。) |
| 国际环境生物地球化学专题讨论会 | International Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry |
| 图像增强、影像强化 | image enhancement In remote sensing, the filtering of data and other processes to manipulate pixels to produce an image that accentuates features of interest or visual interpretation (在遥感技术中的资料过滤与其他程序，其目的是通过控制像素，产生能突显特征或视觉解释的影像。) |
| 土壤化学 | soil chemistry The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles (对土壤和其生命周期的无机和有机成分的研究。) |
| 土壤净化 | soil decontamination Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments (用于去除多氯联苯、多环芳烃和农药的技术，更普遍的是通过物理、化学或生物治疗去除有机化合物。) |
| 土壤净化 | purification through the soil The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes (通常是通过自然过程，使一部分土壤免于污染的过程。) |
| 土壤盐碱化 | soil salination The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land (土壤表面的可溶天然盐的积累，通常是由地下水盐碱水的毛细流引起的。表面蒸发速度快，由于土壤滋润可以得出的水从表面更深层次蒸发，灌溉会加剧这一问题。 纯净水蒸发后留下的盐的积累达到一定浓度就对植物具有毒性，因此破坏土壤。) |
| 土壤退化 | soil degradation Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion (由于土壤颗粒从某一个地点的移动，或土壤中的有助于作物、植物、草、树木、植被和其它经济实用作物的营养水溶性成分的耗竭，土壤可能会遭到破坏。这种物理运动一般被称为侵蚀，风、水、冰川、动物和使用的工具可能是侵蚀剂。) |
| 土壤酸化 | soil acidification A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients (这长期以来一直是研究的课题，研究结果表明酸雨影响潮湿的气候，是个自然发生的过程。土壤的酸化对陆地植物生产力的影响总结如下：由于土壤变得更酸，土壤中基本的阳离子(钙，镁)交换是由氢离子或被溶解的金属离子基本取代。溶解中的基本阳离子，可以通过土壤被过滤，随着时间的推移变得越来越贫瘠的土壤更酸。土壤pH值下降的结果，欠活跃的土壤微生物，从而对植物残体和必要的植物养分循环的重要分解更缓慢。) |
| 垃圾焚化 | incineration of waste The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials (为减少原废弃物质的体积，对固态、液态或气态等可燃废弃物的燃烧控制，以产生含较少或不含可燃物质的固态或气态残渣。) |
| 城市化 | urbanization The state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics (作为一个或成为一个带有城市特色的社区的状态。) |
| 城市化集中 | urban concentration A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas (国家越来越大比例的人口逐步向城市地区集中的过程。) |
| 外围空气的二氧化硫浓度 | sulphur concentration Sulphur content in a solution (硫含量的解决方案。) |
| 多环碳氢化合物 | polycyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon (碳氢分子与两种或两种以上的细胞核相结合，例子包括萘；有两个苯环，肩并肩，或二苯，有两个连接键的苯环。也称为多核碳氢化合物。) |
| 多环芳香碳氢化合物 | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms (包含两个或多个闭合原子结构的环状碳氢化合物。) |
| 大气化学 | atmospheric chemistry The study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere (研究对流层和平流层中大气组成部分的制造，转移，转变和移除的科学。) |
| 大气化学与全球污染委员会 | Commission cxi Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution |
| 大气化学与地球污染国际委员会 | International Committee on the Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution |
| 大西洋气候变化 | Atlantic climate change |
| 大西洋气旋快速强化实验 | experiment on rapidly intensifying cyclones over the atlantic |
| 季节性变化 | seasonal variation In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year (在一定时间内，受到每年的季节影响而产生移动的部分。) |
| 完全耐干化种 | completely desiccation-tolerant species |
| 家用化学品 | household chemical No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 富营养化 | eutrophication A process of pollution that occurs when a lake or stream becomes over-rich in plant nutrient; as a consequence it becomes overgrown in algae and other aquatic plants. The plants die and decompose. In decomposing the plants rob the water of oxygen and the lake, river or stream becomes lifeless. Nitrate fertilizers which drain from the fields, nutrients from animal wastes and human sewage are the primary causes of eutrophication. They have high biological oxygen demand (BOD) (湖泊或水流过多含有植物营养物质而被污染的过程；其结果是过度生长出藻类和其他水生植物。植物死亡和分解。分解过程中，植物吸取水中的氧气，使得湖泊，河流和水流变得无生命。由田间排放的硝酸盐肥料，动物粪便和人类排泄物中的养分是富营养化的主要原因。他们有很高的氧气需求。) |
| 工业化 | industrialisation The process whereby manufacturing industry comes to occupy the predominant position in a national or regional economy (制造经此在国家和区域经济中占据主导地位的过程。) |
| 市区老化 | urban decay Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it (由于企业和富裕的家庭已经搬离，一个城市或城镇的一部分变得破旧或肮脏或被毁坏。) |
| 干化避免 | desiccation avoidance |
| 年际变化 | interannual variability |
| 底物链磷酸化 | substrate-chain phosphorylation |
| 废料最少化 | waste minimisation Measures or techniques, including plans and directives, that reduce the amount of wastes generated. Examples of waste minimisation are environmentally-sound recycling and source reduction practices (减少废料产生量的措施或技术，包括计划和指示。废料最少化的例子是对环境无害废料的回收利用和减少污染源等做法。) |
| 废料最少化的潜力 | waste minimisation potential The capability of measures or techniques that reduce the amount of refuse or unwanted materials that is generated, particularly during industrial production processes (指减少垃圾和有害物质产生量的措施或技术的能力，特别是在工业生产过程中。) |
| 废气净化 | waste air purification gas |
| 废气净化系统 | off-gas cleanup system |
| 废水净化 | polishing |
| 废水净化 | waste water purification Processing of waste water for reuse (废水再利用的处理过程。) |
| 废物的化学处理 | chemical treatment of waste |
| 影响冲击最小化 | impact minimisation Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment (为降低因为人为影响及与环境交互作用所致的人类健康及生态体系的负面影响所采取的行动、手段或装置。) |
| 惰化 | inertisation The process of waste inertisation includes solidification and stabilisation; stabilisation is the process used for reduction of hazard potential of the waste by converting the contaminants into their least soluble, least immobile, or least toxic form. Solidification physically binds or encapsulates the waste in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity. Thus solidification may be used for powders, liquids or gases (垃圾惰化的过程包括两个步骤，即固化和稳定化；稳定化是指把废弃物中的污染物转化成更难溶、更稳定、具有最小毒性的物质，从而降低废弃物潜在的毒性。固化是指通过物理作用将废物联结或压缩成一个大的集合体的过程，因此固化广泛适用于粉末固体、液体和气体的处理。) |
| 挥发性有机化合物 | volatile organic compound Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation (容易蒸发的有机化合物。) |
| 损失最小化 | minimisation of damage The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem (减少对环境或生态系统伤害或损害的活动。) |
| 政府间气候变化专家小组 | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| 模拟值的数字计数 化 | digitize |
| 模拟值的数字计数 化 | digitise |
| 数字化 | digitizing The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's (通过数字技术将数据转换成为计算机可传输和存取的0、1二进制串形式。) |
| 数量变化 | change in value |
| 文化社会, 习惯信仰、社会形式和物质特征的主体组成的一个种族或社会群体所特有的一套传统。 | culture The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits constituting a distinct complex of tradition of a racial or social group; society |
| 文化发展 | cultural development The process whereby the capabilities or possibilities inherent in a people's beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge are brought out or made more effective (人们的信仰、风俗、艺术活动和知识中固有的能力或可能性被彰显或是使之更加有效的过程。) |
| 文化指标 | cultural indicator Cultural indicators give information about societies, which may be interesting even when one is not trying to evaluate the cultures of these societies from any normative point of view. Cultural indicators may also have an evaluative purpose involving explicit or implicit normative criteria (文化指标提供社会相关信息，其内容可能相当有趣，即便人们并未尝试以标准化的观点来评价这些社会文化。文化指标也可能有其评价的目的，包括显式或隐式的标准。) |
| 文化政策 | cultural policy |
| 文化普及 | access to culture The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that transmit the beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge of a people (接触和使用文化的能力、权力或许可，或传播信仰、习俗、文化活动以及民族知识所用资源的一般利用率。) |
| 文化设施 | cultural facility Any building or structure used for programs or activities involving the arts or other endeavors that encourage refinement or development of the mind (用于设计艺术或其它足以鼓励提升或发展心智等计划或活动的任何结构或建筑。) |
| 文化遗产 | cultural heritage The inherited body of beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge that has been transmitted by ancestors (祖先遗留下来的、承继的信仰、传统、艺术活动以及知识。) |
| 文档化 | documentation The process of accumulating, classifying and disseminating information, often to support the claim or data given in a book or article (收集、分类、散播信息的过程，通常用以支持书或文章中的主张和资料。) |
| 无机化学 | inorganic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical reactions and properties of all inorganic matter (化学的分支，研究各种无机物的化学反应和化学性质。) |
| 普通化学 | general chemistry The study of the elements and the compounds they form (对元素和它们形成的化合物的研究。) |
| 景观美化 | landscaping |
| 曝气的氧化池 | aerated lagoon |
| 替代卤代化合物 | substitution of halogenated compounds Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents (卤代化合物由于其产生毒性和持久性的性质，应该由环保物质代替，如在金属加工行业或水性涂料剂中的水性脂肪溶剂。) |
| 有害危险化学品出口 | hazardous chemical export Transporting substances capable of producing adverse health effects, fires or explosions to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade (利用外贸手段将对健康有负面作用、易燃或易爆的物质运送到其他国家和地区。) |
| 有机化学 | organic chemistry A branch of chemistry dealing with the study of composition, reaction, properties, etc. of organic compounds (化学的一个分支，处理有机化合物的组成、反应、性质等的研究。) |
| 有机卤素化合物 | organohalogen compound Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond (含碳和卤素的化合物。) |
| 有机氧化合物 | organooxygen compound Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. (化合物，脂肪族和芳香族，包括酒精、醋醛等。) |
| 有机氮化合物 | organonitrogen compound Organic compounds having a C-N bond (含碳和氮的化合物。) |
| 有机氯类化合物 | organochlorine compound Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond (含碳和氯的化合物。) |
| 有机硅化合物 | organosilicon compound Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals (由两个或多个化学键构成且包含硅的原子，该非金属元素在岩石或矿物中经常被发现。) |
| 有机硫化合物 | organosulphur compound One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur (含碳和硫的化合物。) |
| 有机磷化合物 | organophosphorous compound Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied (包含亚磷的杀虫剂；一些是有毒性的。) |
| 有机金属化合物 | organometallic compound Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal (分子化合物含碳和金属链；或者含有烷基芳的粘结金属。) |
| 有机锡化合物 | organotin compound Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles (用于油漆的化合物，可以保护小船的船身和船体、浮体和打桩免受海洋有机物的破坏，包括眼镜薄膜。) |
| 未净化的水 | raw water Water that has not been treated (未经处理的水。) |
| 本土知识、土著文化 | indigenous knowledge Local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society, which is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, education and other matters of concern in rural communities (某特定文化或社会所特有的地区化知识，它是地方决策阶层在进行农业、卫生、教育和其他受关注事件的地方性决策的基础。) |
| 杂环化合物 | heterocyclic compound Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom (环状结构中含有一种以上不同原子的化合物。) |
| 标准化 | standardisation The act of conforming to a rule (符合规则的行为。) |
| 标准化 | normalisation |
| 森林退化 | forest deterioration Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (森林树木数量的减少，主要因为酸性降水，森林火灾，空气污染，森林砍伐，虫害和树木疾病，野生动物等。) |
| 植物群相劣化 | bastardisation of flora One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous (某一地区因引进非原生于此地的植物所造成的可能后果之一。) |
| 欧洲共同体关于现有化学品的规定 | EC regulation on existing chemicals Regulation designed to identify and control of risks deriving from existing chemicals. According to this program the main goal is the collection of basic information about existing chemicals including their uses and characteristics, environmental fate and pathways, toxicity and ecotoxicity (规定旨在确定和控制现有化学品所产生的风险。根据这一方案,主要目标是对现有化学品的基本信息进行收集，包括其用途和特点，环境归宿和途径，毒性和生态毒性。) |
| 气化 | gasification 1. Any chemical or heat process used to convert a substance to a gas. 2. The production of gaseous fuels by reacting hot carbonaceous materials with air, steam or oxygen. The process takes place at high temperature. The gasification product is a mixture of combustible gases and tar compounds, together with particles and water vapour. Depending on the gasification method, the proportion of components varies, but common to all the processes is that the gas has to be purified before it can be used directly in a gas engine or a gas turbine (1. 任何化学或热转换过程，使物质变为气体。 2. 通过热碳材料与空气，蒸汽或氧气的反应，生产气态燃料。这个过程需要在高温下进行。气化产品是一种可燃气体，焦油化合物的混合物，同时还有微粒和水蒸气。根据不同的气化方法，混合物的组成比例各不相同，但所有过程的共同点是，气体在直接进入引擎和燃气涡轮机之前会被纯化。) |
| 气体煤气净化器净化装置 | gas cleaner |
| 气体净化 | gas purification Removal of pollutants or contaminants from waste incineration or other combustion processes (废物焚化或其他燃烧过程中，去除污染物和有毒废物。) |
| 气体液化 | liquefied gas A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia (气体混合物或通过冷却或压缩得到的液态混合物，例如液化石油气(LPG)、液化天然气(LNG)、液态氧和液态氨。) |
| 气候变化 | climatic alteration The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term (某个地区在一段时间内的气候特征的缓慢变化。从长期来看，这可能是由地质记录表示；从中期来看，它可能由地貌变化表示；从短期来看，它可能由植物的变化来表示。) |
| 气候变化对策计划 | Climate Change Action Plan |
| 气候和全球变化 | climate and global change |
| 气候和全球变化计划 | climate and global change program |
| 气象卫星研究合作研究所地区同化系统 | Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies regional assimilation system |
| 气象卫星研究合作研究所地区同化系统 | CIMSS regional assimilation system |
| 氧化 | oxygenation Treating with oxygen (氧气处理。) |
| 氧化 | oxidation A chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound (增加化合物中氧含量的一个化学反应。) |
| 氧化剂 | oxidizing agent |
| 氧化剂 | oxidising agent Compound that gives up oxygen easily, removes hydrogen from another compound, or attracts negative electrons (氧化合物，移除从另一个氢原子吸引得到的电子。) |
| 氧化戊糖磷酸循环 | oxidative pentose phosphate cycle |
| 氧化池塘 | oxidation pond |
| 氧化物 | oxide Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal (二元化合物与氧结合的金属或非金属元素。) |
| 氧化过程 | oxidation process |
| 氧化还原 | oxidation-reduction An oxidizing chemical change, where an element's positive valence is increased (electron loss), accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of an associated element (electron gain) (氧化的化学变化，元素的正化学价增加(电子损失)，伴随着一个伴生的元素(电子获取)的减少。) |
| 氧化铝 | alumina A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum widely distributed in nature, often found as a constituent part of clays, feldspars, micas and other minerals, and as a major component of bauxite (广泛存在于自然界中的一种天然或合成铝的氧化物，通常作为黏土、长石、云母和其他矿物质的组成部分，也是铝土岩的主要成分。) |
| 氨化 | ammonification Addition of ammonia or ammonia compounds, especially to the soil (加入氨或氨化合物，特别指加在土壤中) |
| 氮氧化物 | nitrogen oxides Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog (在所有常见类型的燃烧中形成和释放的氧化物，它们是由大气中的氮在高温氧化中形成的。将来自汽车废气、火炉、焚化炉、发电厂及类似来源的排放物引入大气，包括一氧化二氮、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、五氧化二氮和硝酸的氧化物。氮的氧化物经过大气中的许多反应，形成光化学烟雾。) |
| 氯化 | chlorination The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection or other biological or chemical purposes (将氯气通入水、污水或工业废水中的应用，用以消毒或实现其它生物的或化学的目的。) |
| 氯化物 | chloride A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state (一种由盐酸得到的化合物，包含-1价的氯原子。) |
| 氰化物 | cyanide Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN (任何含有氰(CN)基的化合物和氰酸(HCN)的衍生物。) |
| 水净化 | water purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized (任何清除或中和不需要的水中杂质的过程。) |
| 水净化厂 | water purification plant Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes (将水通过物理和化学过程，变为适于人类消费及其它用途的工厂。) |
| 水去盐化 | water desalination Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water (去除水中的部分或全部盐的任何手工程序或过程。) |
| 水盐化 | water salination Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised (水变得更咸的过程，常见于炎热的实行灌溉的国家。) |
| 污染演化 | pollutant evolution The process of cumulative reactive change following the introduction of a pollutant into the environment (污染物经过累积反应改变的过程后逐渐进入环境。) |
| 英国污水净化学会 | Institute of Sewage Purification |
| 污水氧化池 | sewage oxidation pond |
| 污水氧化池 | stabilization pond |
| 污水氧化池 | sewage lagoon |
| 污泥消化法 | sludge digestion A treatment to stabilize raw sludge. The treatment can be either anaerobic process or aerobic process (一种稳定原料污泥的治疗方法，这种治疗可以是厌氧的也可以是有氧的过程。) |
| 沙漠化 | desertification 1. The development of desert conditions as a result of human activity or climatic changes. 2. The process of land damage which allows the soil to spread like a desert in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a loss of vegetative cover and the soil deteriorates in texture, nutrient content and fertility. Desertification affects the lives of three-quarters of the world's population, 70% of all drylands and one quarter of the total land area of the planet. There are many reasons for desertification, but the majority are caused by human activities, overgrazing, deforestation, poor land management and over-exploitation. Agenda 21 states that the priority in combating desertification should be establishing preventive measures for lands that are not yet, or are only slightly, degraded (1. 由于人类活动或气候改变形成沙漠的情况。 2.在干旱和半干旱地区，土壤像在沙漠地区一样四处飞散的土地损害过程。 植被的丧失和土壤结构、营养和肥力的恶化在此处发生。 沙漠化影响了世界四分之三的人口，其占了干地的70%和地球四分之一的土地。 造成沙漠化的原因很多，但主要是由人类活动、过度放牧、森林垦伐、不良土地管理和过度开采所造成。 21世纪宣言指出战胜沙漠化的首要任务是对尚未或仅稍微恶化的土地进行预防性的措施。) |
| 沙漠化控制 | control of desertification |
| 沙漠化控制 | desertification control Remedial and preventive actions adopted against desertification include irrigation, planting of trees and grasses, the erection of fences to secure sand dunes, and a careful management of water resources (避免沙漠化所采取的补救和预防行动，包括灌溉、植树、植草、建立栅栏保护沙丘以及水资源的细心管理。) |
| 活化效率 | mobilization efficiency |
| 流化床 | fluidised bed 1. A system for burning solid carbonaceous fuel efficiently and at a relatively low temperature, thus minimizing the emission of pollutants. The fuel is crushed to very small particles or a powder and mixed with particles of an inert material. The mixture is fed into a bed through which air is pumped vertically upwards, agitating the particles so they behave like a fluid. The forced circulation of air and the small size and separation of fuel particles ensures efficient burning. 2. A bed of finely divided solid through which air or a gas is blown in a controlled manner so that it behaves as a liquid (1. 一种以高效和较低温度燃烧固体碳燃料从而最大限度地减少污染物的排放的系统。这种燃料被压成非常小的颗粒粉末，与惰性物质粒子混合。混合物被加入床中，床中的空气被垂直向上压入，搅动微粒是他们就像液体一样。空气回旋力和小体积以及颗粒分散保证了燃烧效率。 2. 由打散的固体填充的床，空气或气体以被控制好的方式吹入，让这些固体像液体一样。) |
| 流态化 | fluidization A roasting process in which finely divided solids are suspended in a rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various materials, in the coal industry, etc. (一种焙烧过程，已经散开的谷底物质在快速上升的气流(或其他流体)中悬浮，产生流化床；用于各种材料焙烧，煤炭工业等。) |
| 海水淡化 | water treatment |
| 海水淡化厂 | desalination plant 1. Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling. 2. Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process (1. 从海水中移除盐份以取得淡水的工厂，通常是透过蒸馏的方法。 2.世界上部分严重决乏淡水的地区期待海水淡化厂可解决其问题。 海水淡化的花费仍比一般的水源约高出四倍。 但未来技术的改良可稍微降低成本。 现在趋向于将海水淡化厂建在电厂的旁边，如此可利用发电的废热来驱动海水淡化的过程。) |
| 海洋氯化物标准平均含量 | standard mean ocean chloride |
| 消化污泥, 将极易腐烂之有机物质的体积减少并分解成相对稳定或惰性的有机与无机化合物。 污泥消化过程通常是好氧微生物在缺乏自由氧存在下进行。 | digestion sewage, The reduction in volume and the decomposition of highly putrescible organic matter to relatively stable or inert organic and inorganic compounds. Sludge digestion is usually done by aerobic organisms in the absence of free oxygen |
| 消化槽 | digester Machine which takes refuse and produces gas such as methane from it (指可分解废弃物并产生气体(如甲烷)的机器。) |
| 消化污泥 | digested sludge Sludge or thickened mixture of sewage solids with water that has been decomposed by anaerobic bacteria (经厌氧(气)菌分解后之污泥或浓缩污泥。) |
| 液化天然气 | gas liquefaction Conversion of a gas to the liquid phase by cooling or compression (通过冷却或压缩把气体转化为液相。) |
| 淡水恶化 | freshwater degradation Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water (涉及到地球水循环的即时或最终的污染，因为即使污染物排放到空气和土壤中，也会逐渐洗涤沉淀。当水的成分或条件发生变化使其不再适合它原先在自然状态下的某些或全部功用时，认为是水被被污染了。这个定义包括水的物理，化学和生物学特性的变化，或液体、气体或固体物质进入水中，造成或可能造成麻烦或使水对公共健康、公共安全、公共财产造成危害，或对住宅、商业、工业、农业、鱼类或其他水生生物造成危害。同时也包括水温的变化，如排放热水。) |
| 清洁空气规化发起人 | clean air projector |
| 湿煤气净化器 | gas washer |
| 烷基基化合物 | alkyl compound |
| 烷基化合物 | alkyl compound |
| 烷基化合物 | alkyl compound Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals (含有一个或多个烷基的化合物) |
| 焚化残渣 | incineration residue Any material, solid or semisolid, left after processing in a device designed to reduce waste volume by combustion (经设计用来减少废弃物体积的燃烧装置，处理后剩餘的任何固体或半固体物质。) |
| 焚化炉 | incinerator Device which burns waste (燃烧垃圾的设备。) |
| 焚化、燃烧 | incineration Controlled process by which solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed into gases; residue produced contains little or no combustible material (燃烧固态、液态或气态可燃性废弃物使其转化成气体的控制程序。焚化后的残渣含有极少或没有可燃性成分。) |
| 煤的气化 | coal gasification Process of conversion of coal to a gaseous product which is used as fuel in electric power stations (将煤转换成气体产品的处理过程，这种气体产物通常用作发电站的燃料。) |
| 煤的液化 | coal liquefaction The process of preparing a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons by destructive distillation of coal (通过煤的蒸馏得到一种碳氢化合物的液体混合物的过程。) |
| 煤的精化 | coal refining The processing of coal to remove impurities (去除煤中的杂质的过程。) |
| 物理化学 | physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties (研究物理现象的效果及化学性质的学科。) |
| 物理化学分析 | physicochemical analysis Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions (根据物理变化分析联合化学反应。) |
| 物理化学提纯 | physicochemical purification Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination (用来集中精力去除固体有机食品中的氨。物理处理方法包括反渗透、透析、电渗析、蒸发、二氧化碳、吸附、氨剥离、过滤、沉降、絮凝。化学处理方法包括离子交换、中和、氧化、还原、降水、灼烧。) |
| 物理化学的处理 | physicochemical treatment Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation (废水的处理、借助物理和化工方法的组合毒性物质或者其它材料，例如物理过程包括空气剥离或滤清，而化学过程包括凝固、氯化或者臭氧化。) |
| 物理化学过程 | physicochemical process Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances (变化过程中的物理性质和化学结构。) |
| 物种贫困化 | species impoverishment Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation (由于种种因素如气候变化或持续干旱,自然灾害事件，新的肉食动物的出现，或基因突变等偶发事件的出现导致的物种损失。) |
| 特化生物, 适应特殊生活栖息方式的进化。 | specialisation biological, Evolutionary adaptation to a particular mode of life or habitat |
| 特殊化学品 | speciality chemical Various fine chemical products like glue, adhesives, resins, rubber, plastic compounds, selective herbicide, etc. (各种精细化工产品如胶水、粘合剂、树脂、橡胶、塑料化合物和选择性除草剂等。) |
| 环境化学 | environmental chemistry Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment (关于污染物产生进入环境后所经历的物理、化学和生化程序的科学。) |
| 环境化学品法规 | environmental chemicals legislation |
| 环境中的化学物质 | chemical in the environment The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment (由一个化学过程释放的任何固体、液体或者气体在环境中的存在，这些物质可能对人体健康和环境有害。) |
| 美国环境净化与责任条例 | Environmental Clean up and Responsibilities Act |
| 环境变化 | environmental change Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin (在物种多样性的压力下，生态系统、气候、土壤或者栖息地等发生的变化。) |
| 环境地球化学因素 | geogenic factor Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic) (源于土壤，而非源于人(人为)的因素。) |
| 环境恶化 | degradation of the environment The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed (环境日益污染、过度开发和破坏的过程。) |
| 环境成本内在化 | internalisation of external costs The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions (使哪些对生产对环境或社会有不良影响的商品或服务的纳入这样一类知识的过程：其未来的经济决策可能产生不利影响。) |
| 环境成本内部化 | internalisation of environmental costs |
| 环境文化 | environmental culture The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life (一个社会要维护或保护自然资源、生态系统和其他影响人类生活的外部条件时，所需要的学习行为、态度、实践和知识。) |
| 现有化学物质 | existing chemical Chemical products existing before 18-09-1981, chemicals traded or introduced in the EC defore 18.09.1981 concerning Chemikaliengesetz (在1981年9月18日之前就存在的化学品。) |
| 玻璃化 | vitrification Formation of a glassy or noncrystalline material (一种玻璃状或非晶态材料的形成。) |
| 生化法 | biochemical method Method based on the utilisation of a biochemical mechanism, e.g. any chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually enzyme catalysed, which produces a given physiological effect in a living organism (基于生化机制的利用的方法，例如，任何一个化学反应或者任何一系列反应，通常需要酶催化，产生特定的活生物体上的生理效应。) |
| 生化物质 | biochemical substance Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants (在动物，微生物，和植物中出现的化学物质。) |
| 生化过程 | biochemical process Chemical processes occurring in living organisms (发生在活的有机体的化学过程。) |
| 生化需氧量 | biochemical oxygen demand The amount of oxygen used for biochemical oxidation by a unit volume of water at a given temperature and for a given time. BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water (在特定温度和给定的时间内，单位体积的水生化氧化的耗氧量。BOD是水体有机污染的程度的指数。) |
| 生态系统恶化 | ecosystem degradation Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits (指大范围自然环境的恶化或破坏。当某个生态系统被自然或人为的灾难破坏时，要计算其对整个自然界的影响是非常困难的。当两个或多个生态系统被恶化时，产生综合破坏作用的可能性也倍增。尽管生态系统的生物丰富性及物质优势，许多地区的生态系统已遭受威胁。) |
| 生物化学 | biochemistry The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances (对于在活的有机体中出现的化学物质、以及确定这些物质的反应和方法的研究。) |
| 生物地球化学 | biogeochemistry |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 甲烷化 | methanization The process of deriving methane from any source, including livestock manure, landfills, coal mines, etc. (从任何来源得到甲烷的过程，包括家畜肥料，填充垃圾，煤矿等等。) |
| 的净化 | water treatment |
| 盐区隔化 | salt compartmentation |
| 盐渍化 | salination The accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone, in a soil of an arid, poorly drained region (随着水分蒸发，溶解在水中的盐凝固，留在土地里，多出现在干旱的土壤或排水不良的地区。) |
| 石化工业 | petrochemical industry The production of materials derived from petroleum or natural gas (由石油和天然气生产出的产品。) |
| 石油化学产品 | petrochemical Chemicals manufactured from the products of oil refineries, based largely on ethylene, propylene and butylene produced in the cracking of petrol fractions (从炼油厂产品制造得到的化学制品，主要根据乙烯、丙烯和丁烯通过裂化生产得到的汽油分类。) |
| 石油公司保护净化空气和水资源国际研究组 | Oil Companies International Study Group for Conservation of Clean Air and Water |
| 矿化作用 | mineralisation The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism (化石化现象，使无机材料代替有机体的有机组成部分的过程。) |
| 硝化作用 | nitrification The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock (氨水混合物，包括人造肥料、由有机物或者动植物源提供的腐殖质，被转换为亚硝酸盐而后是硝酸盐，其被吸收作为庄稼营养物的过程。过量硝酸盐可浸入地表水和地下水而引起污染。过量硝酸盐可能通过微生物转变为氮气，它是一种重要的温室气体，并且释放进入大气。生态系统中的氮的重要来源是空气中的分子氮。在有限的程度之上，一些溶解在水里。不过，没有在岩石里发现氮。) |
| 硝基化合物 | nitro compound Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom (任何一个通常包含单价基、与一个碳原子相连的二氧化氮(硝基)的有机化合物类。) |
| 高温加硫使橡胶硫 硬化 | vulcanise |
| 高温加硫使橡胶硫 硬化 | vulcanize |
| 硫化 | vulcanization A chemical reaction of sulfur (or other vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains; it increases strength and resiliency of the polymer (硫(或其他硫化剂)与橡胶或塑料反应导致聚合物链交叉联接的一种化学反应；它增加聚合物的强度和弹性。) |
| 硫化氢 | hydrogen sulphide Flammable, poisonous gas with characteristic odour of rotten eggs, perceptible in air in a dilution of 0.002 mg/l. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis; extremely hazardous; collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations; low concentrations produce irritation of conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Headache, dizziness, nausea, lassitude may appear after exposure, H2S (易燃、有毒的气体，味道似腐臭的蛋，在空气中的浓度0.002 mg/L即可察觉。是化学分析中的试剂、危害性极高、在数秒内吸入一到二口硫化氢后可能产生呼吸衰竭、休克、和死亡；低浓度会造成结膜和黏液的刺激。若暴露其下可能会感到头痛、晕眩、恶心和厌倦。) |
| 硫化物 | sulphide Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom (其中包括一个或多个硫原子与一个正电的元素的任何化合物，无论是碳、金属原子或某些其它非羰基氧。) |
| 硫一氧化碳 | sulphur monoxide A gas at ordinary temperatures; produces an orange-red deposit when cooled to temperatures of liquid air; prepared by passing an electric discharge through a mixture of sulfur vapor and sulfur dioxide at low temperature (普通温度下的气体。当冷却到液态空气温度时产生橘红色的沉淀；硫蒸气和二氧化硫的混合物在低温条件下的放电而生成。) |
| 硫氧化物 | sulphur oxide An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation, SOx (硫氧化物，如二氧化硫和三氧化硫，它们主要是由化石燃料燃烧形成的，是主要的空气污染物，造成呼吸道以及植被的损坏。) |
| 碳氢化合物 | hydrocarbon A very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen (仅含有碳和氢元素的化学化合物。) |
| 碳氢化合物储存罐 | hydrocarbon storage tank A container or a reservoir for the storage of hydrocarbons (储存碳氢化合物的容器或储存槽。) |
| 碳水化合物 | carbohydrate Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses (由碳、氢、氧组成的有机化合物，包括糖、淀粉和纤维素。) |
| 示踪含同位素指示剂的化合物 | tracer compound |
| 社会分化 | social differentiation A concept associated with evolutionary theories of history and with structural functionalism. Societies are seen as moving from the simple to the complex via a process of social change based on structural differentiation (与历史进化理论和结构功能相关的一个概念。社会被视为正在通过以结构分化为基础的从简单到复杂的社会改变过程。) |
| 社会文化小组 | socio-cultural group A collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity (人们交流和分享一个共同的种族，血缘，世代或区域标识帐户的团结意识的集合。) |
| 私有化 | privatisation The transfer of ownership or control of a government enterprise or other governmental property to a non-public, non-official company, organization or individual, either through sale or through the establishment of a special enterprise outside direct government control (政府或其它政府财产控制的非公开、非官方的所有制企业，通过出售或通过政府直接控制的境外企业来运营。) |
| 科层化 | bureaucratization The multiplication of or concentration of power in administrators and administrative offices in an organization, usually resulting in an extension into and regimentation of certain areas of social life (在组织中，行政人员和行政办公室的权利的增加或集中，通常导致社会生活的某些领域的组织化的扩大。) |
| 经济集中化 | economic concentration The extent to which a market is taken up by producers within a given industry (对指定的工业，生产者占据市场的程度。) |
| 绿色化学英 | Green Chemistry |
| 脂肪族化合物 | aliphatic compound |
| 脂环族化合物 | alicyclic compound Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties (任何由直链、分支或环状的化学键链接的含有两个或多个相异原子的物质。) |
| 脂环族碳氢化合物 | alicyclic hydrocarbon A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances (仅由碳和氢原子所组成的一环或多环有机化合物，同时具有脂肪族和环状化合物的性质) |
| 脂肪族化合物 | aliphatic compound Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms (任何具有碳原子直链的碳氢有机化合物。) |
| 脂肪族碳氢化合物 | aliphatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated (具有碳原子的开链碳氢化合物，不论其具有直链或支链，饱和或不饱和。) |
| 腐败腐化的物质 | putrescent material |
| 自我净化 | self-purification A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms (生物腐烂产生能被腐生生物利用的物质的自然过程。) |
| 自然资源恶化 | degradation of natural resources The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: 1. fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; 2. expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; 3. increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal (农民、家庭和产业界为了增加其社会经济利益的各种活动所累积的效应。 许多原因使得这些活动导致不良的后果。 人们可能尚不完全明了这些活动对自然资源基础的长期影响。 人类活动干扰地球生态系统的最重要影响方式有：1.石化燃料燃烧可能在下一世纪中期使大气中二氧化碳浓度加倍，且硫和氮排放也将持续大幅增加；b.农业和林业的扩大，及其相关肥料的使用(氮和磷)将严重改变这些营养素在自然界的循环；c.为了农业灌溉、工业及废弃物弃置的需要，所需增加的淡水系统开发。) |
| 芳香族化合物 | aromatic compound |
| 芳香族化合物 | aromatic compound Compounds characterized by the presence of at least one benzene ring (至少含有一个苯环的化合物) |
| 芳香族碳氢化合物 | aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an unsaturated ring containing alternating double and single bonds, especially containing a benzene ring (包含有双键和单键的不饱和环，并且有苯环的碳氢化合物。) |
| 荒漠化控制 | desertification control |
| 荒漠化控制 | control of desertification |
| 萌芽与落叶同步化 | synchronization of flushing and leaffall |
| 融化 | melting A change of the state of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Also known as fusion (物质状态由固态变为液态。也称为熔化。) |
| 表面活性化合物 | surface active compound Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers (可溶性物质组成的两个或两个以上的不同原子由于化学键而结合在一起，可降低化学液体或液体与固体之间的表面张力，经常被用来作为洗涤剂、润湿剂和乳化剂。) |
| 装备最优化 | installation optimisation Adjustments made to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus in order to maximize its functionality and efficiency (为了使建筑物、机械、电子系统或者设备到达最大功率和效率而做的调整。) |
| 软化 | softening Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts (通过消除形成硬度的(主要是钙和镁)离子或离子交换，或除掉它们所结合的物质如某些可溶但非电离盐类如磷酸盐，以减少水的硬度。) |
| 进化 | evolution The biological theory or process whereby species of plants and animals change with the passage of time so that their descendants differ from their ancestors, i.e. development from earlier forms by hereditary transmission of slight variations in successive generations (生物学理论或过程。植物或动物物种随着时间的流逝发生变化，使得他们的后代和他们的祖先不同。即后代从基于前代的基因遗传，但发生少量变化的发展形式。) |
| 退化土地 | degraded land |
| 酸化 | acidification Addition of an acid to a solution until the pH falls below 7 (在溶液中加入酸直到其pH值降到7以下。) |
| 重金属区隔化 | heavy-metal compartmentalization |
| 野化 | running wild A state of nature or a quality or state of being undomesticated, untamed or uncultivated (自然的状态或未驯服的、未控制或没有文化的状态。) |
| 金属氧化物 | metal oxide Any binary compound in which oxygen is combined with one or more metal atoms (氧结合一个或更多的金属原子的二元化合物。) |
| 铅化合物 | lead compound Lead compounds are present as gasoline additives, in paint, ceramic products, roofing, caulking, electrical applications, tubes, or containers. Lead exposure may be due to air, water, food, or soil. Lead in the air is primarily due to lead-based fuels and the combustion of solid waste, coal, oils, and emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers, wind blown dust volcanoes, the burning of lead-painted surfaces, and cigarette smoke. Lead in drinking water comes from leaching from lead pipes, connectors, and solder in both the distribution system and household plumbing (铅化合物被适用于汽油添加剂、油漆、陶瓷制品、屋顶材料、嵌缝、电气应用、管道、容器等。铅的出现可能决定于空气、水、粮食或土壤。空气中的铅主要是由于含铅的燃料和固体废弃物、煤、油燃烧、烷基铅制造厂的排放、风吹起的火山灰，涂有铅的表面的燃烧、以及香烟烟雾。饮用水中的铅是来自铅管、连接器浸出，以及分配系统和家庭装修中的管道焊接。) |
| 集中，中央集权，中央集权化 | centralisation |
| 非角化接触点 | non-cutinized attachment point |
| 高度有害化学品 | highly hazardous chemicals |
