| Chinese | English |
| 中和作用 | neutralisation To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution (为了得到中性溶液，则加碱到酸性溶液中或加酸到碱性溶液中。) |
| 乳化作用 | emulsification The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid (液体在另一个不相容液体中散布的过程。) |
| 二碳光合作用 | C2 photosynthesis |
| 人文环境相互作用理论 | environment interaction theory of personality |
| 催化作用 | catalysis A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed (一种现象，在这种现象中，某种少量的物质加速了化学反应，而它本身却没有被消耗。) |
| C2光合作用 | C2 photosynthesis |
| 光合作用 | photosynthesis The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes (这个过程所产生的二氧化碳和水直接转化成碳水化合物和其它化合物，太阳能驱动光和作用。叶绿素氧是光和作用过程产生的一种副产品。光合作用的本质是一切植物生命(自养生产)的来源，因此地球上所有的动物都是异养生产。光合作用的速率取决于气候、阳关强度和持续时间、叶面积、土壤养分有效性、温度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤水分等因素。) |
| 农药的互作用性 | interaction of pesticides The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others (与其它药物合用时，本农药的活性增强的特性。) |
| 药物等起到的副作用 | side effect Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one (一些继发效应，特别是指非期望的作用。) |
| 化学吸收作用 | chemisorption The process of chemical adsorption (化学的吸收的过程。) |
| 协同作用 | synergism An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism (一个生态协会，其中一个人的行为的生理过程是由附近的另一种生物的存在而得到增强。) |
| 协同作用的有毒物质 | synergistic effect of toxic substances 1. A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2. An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated (1. 在一个国家里，两个或两个以上的物质结合效果总和比单独作用的效果强。 2. 作用，使两种有毒物质具有一个共同的影响比预期的更强。) |
| 同化作用 | assimilation Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue (营养物质对活体组织的转化。) |
| 固氮作用 | nitrogen fixation Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants (土壤里自由存在的多种微生物对大气中氮的吸收。一旦微生物已经捕获到氮，有很多不同的路线来处理。一些像分解的植物那样被保留在土壤里，等待作为硝酸盐被新的庄稼吸收。 硝酸盐是通过生活在土壤中的细菌硝化而产生的，靠氨旺盛生长，这些氨是由腐烂的植物和动物材料而产生的。) |
| 干旱光合作用 | drought photosynthesis |
| 废料作为原料的利用 | use of waste as material |
| 废料作为能源资源的利用 | use of waste as energy source |
| 托附作用 | desorption The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption (经由吸附或吸收的逆反应移除被吸附之物质。) |
| 拮抗作用 | antagonism The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other (两种化学物质间的交互干扰作用，某一物质部分或完全抑制另外一物质发生效果的状况。) |
| 毒性作用 | toxic effect A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials (摄取或接触到有毒物质而产生的结果) |
| 毒性物质的拮抗作用 | antagonistic effect of toxic substances |
| 沉积作用 | deposition The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems (污染物质从大气中沉降，因而堆积于生态系统的过程。) |
| 泌盐作用 | recretion (recretio) |
| 混合作用 | complex formation Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation (混合物的合成，也称为混合或混合作用。) |
| 地球大气层的温室作用效应 | greenhouse effect |
| 矿化作用 | mineralisation The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism (化石化现象，使无机材料代替有机体的有机组成部分的过程。) |
| 硝化作用 | nitrification The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock (氨水混合物，包括人造肥料、由有机物或者动植物源提供的腐殖质，被转换为亚硝酸盐而后是硝酸盐，其被吸收作为庄稼营养物的过程。过量硝酸盐可浸入地表水和地下水而引起污染。过量硝酸盐可能通过微生物转变为氮气，它是一种重要的温室气体，并且释放进入大气。生态系统中的氮的重要来源是空气中的分子氮。在有限的程度之上，一些溶解在水里。不过，没有在岩石里发现氮。) |
| 空气-水相互作用 | air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind (在空气与水的分界面上的物理过程：动力、热量和块状物质穿过空气与水的分界面，由风力和碎波引起的水面混合，使方向波谱和波力作用于海上结构物。空气—水相互作用通过风引起的水柱混合所产生的乱流和气体交换进行度量。) |
| 空气海洋联合相互作用 | joint air-sea interaction |
| 脱氮作用 | denitrification 1. The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2. The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility (1. 经由生物处理或化学方式去除土中含的氮。 是一种汽化式的散失，而非经由物理过程如渗漏的流失。 2.经由土壤中的细菌分解硝酸盐而释放出自由氮。 此种过程常发生于厌氧环境下，如浸泡在水中的土地；会降低土中养份。) |
| 脱硫作用 | desulphurisation The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain (从熔融金属或石油中移除硫。 残留在燃料中硫在燃烧后会变为二氧化硫，造成酸雨。) |
| 腐蚀作用 | corrosion |
| 自然的自净作用 | natural self-purification |
| 自然的自净作用 | self-purifying capacity |
| 蒸腾作用 | transpiration The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem (植物水蒸汽的损失，主要是通过气孔，少许通过角质层和皮孔。蒸腾作用会产生水流，它含有矿物质盐，并经由木质部位向上流。) |
| 起健康作用 | healthy functioning |
| 辐射作用 | radiation effects |
| 降雨侵蚀作用 | rainfall erosion |
