submerged entry nozzle(The purpose of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is to protect the steel from reoxidation as it passes from tundish to mold. 浸人式水口 (SEN) 的用途是：当钢水由中间包浇人结晶器时保护钢水避免二次氧化。)
biased flow from SEN(The meniscus turbulence occurs in the mold due to biased flow from SEN or inadequate SEN submergence. 由于浸人式水口偏流或浸人式水口插人深度过浅，结晶器内会出现金属弯月面紊流。)
inner wall of SEN(The first alumina layer on the inner wall of the SEN is an ideal substrate for the next deposition and accumulation of inclusions from the molten steel. 在浸人式水口内壁上形成的第一层 Al₂O₃ 层是钢水中夹杂物继续沉淀和积聚的理想基底层。)
clogging of submerged entry nozzle(The following topics were studied: quantification of waves and vortices; clogging of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN);； eccentricity of the SEN; and mold powder entrapment by the slag rim. 对以下课题进行了研究：波动和旋涡的量化、浸人式水口 (SEN) 堵塞、浸人式水口偏置和渣圈卷人结晶器保护渣。)
submerged entry nozzle clogging(In addition, the application of PTH also greatly reduced the occurrence of submerged entry nozzle clogging. 此外，使用等离子体中间包加热器还大幅度降低了浸人式水口堵塞的发生。)
SEN's wall(The largest cause of the SEN failures is mold powder attack, which erodes the refractory in the SEN destroying the integrity of the SEN's walls. 浸人式水口失效的最主要原因是结晶器保护渣对浸人式水口耐火材料的侵蚀，致使浸人式水口壁的整体性受到破坏。)
poor SEN alignment(In addition, poor SEN alignment and alumina buildup on the tip may cause the SEN to contact the steel shell, and this in turn can rupture the shell and result in a breakout. 此外，浸人式水口对中不良， Al₂O₃ 在其端部积聚都可能引起浸人式水口与钢质铸坯壳搭接，从而会使坯壳破裂，导致漏钢。)
SEN life(Subsequent refinement of mold practices and SEN design results in achieving a 13 heat (599 minute) SEN life and a monthly average of over 8 heats per SEN. 由于结晶器操作和浸人式水口设计的持续改进，浸人式水口寿命已达到13炉(历时 599min), 月平均浸人式水口寿命超过 8 炉。)
SEN submergence(The meniscus turbulence occurs in the mold due to biased flow from SEN or inadequate SEN submergence. 由于浸人式水口偏流或浸人式水口插人深度过浅，结晶器内会出现金属弯月面紊流。)
SEN immersion depth(Modeling indicates that waves and vortices increase with increased casting speed and mold width, and decrease with increased SEN immersion depth. 模拟试验表明，波动和旋涡随拉坯速度和结晶器宽度的增加而增加，随浸人式水口插人深度的增加而降低。)
outlet port of submerged entry nozzle(One factor which has been found to have an influence on strip coil surface quality is the height of metal in the mold above the top of the outlet ports of the submerged entry nozzles. 已经发现：由浸人式水口流钢孔上沿计算起的结晶器钢水面高度是影响带卷表面质量的一个因素。)
reduction gas entry temperature(By addition of cooling gas the reduction gas entry temperature is adjusted to its optimum working range between 800°C and 850°C. 通过加人冷却煤气，将还原煤气人口温度调整到 800°C ~ 850°C 最佳工作温度范围。)
tuyere-injected fuel(The net energy introduced into the ironmaking process by the combustion of coke and tuyere-injected fuel to CO and H₂ and the sensible energy of the blast is 3. 75 gigajoules per tonne of hot metal. 该炼铁工艺引人的净能量为37. 5亿J/t 铁，来源于焦炭和风口喷人燃料燃烧生成的一氧化碳和氢气以及鼓风显热。)
