| English | Chinese |
| access to water | 水资源的获得 |
| advanced water treatment | 三级水处理 |
| aggressive water | 有侵腐蚀性的水 |
| air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind | 空气-水相互作用 (在空气与水的分界面上的物理过程：动力、热量和块状物质穿过空气与水的分界面，由风力和碎波引起的水面混合，使方向波谱和波力作用于海上结构物。空气—水相互作用通过风引起的水柱混合所产生的乱流和气体交换进行度量。) |
| American Water Resources Association | 美国水资源协会 |
| Australian Water Resources Council | 澳大利亚水资源委员会 |
| Automatic Water Quality Monitoring Stations | 水质自动监测站 |
| bathing water All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters | 沐浴用水 (除去被用做治疗用途或泳池里的所有内陆或海岸的水。在这个地域洗浴是被允许的而且很多人在此洗浴过。这些地域的水必须满足一定质量标准，包括化学成分，微生物以及其他物理参数方面。) |
| bilge water Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge | 舱底水 (装在船舶的舱底的底部的水。) |
| biological water balance The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance | 生物水平衡 (在一个系统中水的出入量，这是假设在长期情况下，出入量相等，从而使得水的预算平衡。) |
| brackish water | 微〔半〕咸水 |
| brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand | 淡海水 (盐度介于淡水和海水盐分浓度之间的水;usually 5-10 parts x thousand.) |
| California Department of Water Resources | 美国加利福尼亚州水资源处 |
| coastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats | 沿海水域 (沿海水域的一般特点是较浅的大陆架，缓慢地向海洋方向倾斜至大陆坡，随后相对突然下倾到深海。沿海水域接近陆地也影响了其水流循环。在淡水流入的区域附近，近岸环流受密度影响而改变。沿海水域目前面临众多因素所引起的严重环境压力，包括污染和海洋栖息地的破坏和退化。) |
| combined waste water A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff | 综合废水 (一种家庭或工业废水和地表径流的混合物。) |
| Committee on Air and Water Conservation | 美国石油学会空气与水资源保护委员会 |
| Committee on Water Resources | 水资源委员会 |
| Committee on Water Resources Research | 水资源研究委员会 |
| cooling water Water used to make something less hot, such as the irradiated elements from a nuclear reactor or the engine of a machine | 冷却水 (用于冷却物体(如核能反应器的辐射源或机器引擎)的水。。) |
| demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency | 领水 (由国家政府或机关所拥有并维护的水源。) |
| dirty water disposal | 污水处置 |
| domestic waste water Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water | 生活污水 (主要来自住家、商业建筑物或其他机构的废水，可能包含或者不包含地表径流、地下水或暴雨。) |
| drainage water Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt | 排放水 (来自不同源头，如雨水径流，溶雪或冻土层融解的非常态性地表水。) |
| drinking water | 饮用水 |
| drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation | 饮用水 (适合饮用且对健康无害的水，其品质通常受法规管制。) |
| drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater | 饮用水保护区 (水处理厂周围的区域，在该区域中限制或禁止某些形式的土地利用以保护地下水。) |
| drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user | 饮用水供给 (为了城市使用或其它饮用水使用者的需求而供应和储存的饮用水，或饮用水的储存量。) |
| drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required | 饮用水处理 (欧盟《可饮用的地表水水质指引》中将饮用水根据其处理程度，分成三级(A1，A2，A3)，包括从简单的物理处理和消毒到复杂的物理化学处理。 采用的处理等级，依原水水质而定。 欧盟指引对于已知有害健康的参数，通常采取强制管理；对于危害性较小者，则采取指引式的规范。 欧盟也定有相关指引，制定采样与分析方法和频率，以补充"地表水抽取"指引的不足。) |
| EC directive on water protection Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features | 欧共体关于水资源保护的指示 (指示关于根据合理的经济和社会发展利用和管理水资源，以及对相关环境特征的保护。) |
| emission to water The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water | 水排放 (将固态、液态或气态污染物排放至水体中。) |
| European Federation for the Protection of Waters | 欧洲水源保护联合会 |
| exploitation of underground water The process of extracting underground water from a source | 开发地下水 (从一源头提取地下水的过程。) |
| Federal Air and Water Pollution Control Administration | 美国联邦空气与水污染控制管理局 |
| Federal Water Pollution Control Act | 美国联邦水污染控制条例 |
| Federal Water Pollution Control Administration | 美国联邦水污染控制管理局 |
| firefighting water | 消防水 |
| flowing water Moving waters like rivers and streams | 活水 (流动的水流，如河流和溪流。) |
| foul water | 危险海区 |
| fresh water pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater | 淡水污染 (人类直接或间接地改变淡水的生物、物理、化学或辐射完整性。) |
| global energy and water cycle experiment | 全球气候研究计划全球能源与水资源周期实验 |
| grams of water in air | 空气中含水克数 |
| green water | 绿色水指降雨形成的土壤水，真正为作物蒸腾进行光合作用的水 |
| Ground Water | 地下水美 |
| high tide water The level of water when the tide is at its highest level | 高潮水位 (潮汐达到其最高程度时的水位。) |
| hot water No definition needed | 热水 (无需定义。) |
| hydrolabile water balance | 水分不稳定的水分平衡 |
| industrial waste water Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage | 工业废水 (由工业制程中产生的废水。这些废水可被单独处理或纳入卫生下水道或合流式下水道处理。) |
| inland water A lake, river, or other body of water wholly within the boundaries of a state | 内陆水 (湖泊、河流或其他形式整体都在国家疆土范围内的水。) |
| integrated waste water treatment concept | 污水综合处理方案 |
| intermittent water stress | 断续水胁迫 |
| International Association of Water Pollution Research and Control | 国际水污染研究和控制会 |
| land and water conservation fund | 水土保持基金 |
| maximum permissible concentration in water | 水中最大允许浓度 |
| mineral water Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases | 矿泉水 (含天然或人工矿物质或气体的水。) |
| municipal water | 市政水 |
| municipal water distribution system Any publicly or privately organized setup in which water is processed at a central plant and delivered to homes and businesses via water pipes | 城市供水系统 (任何公立或私人组织安装的系统，水在中央工厂处理并通过水管向家庭和企业传送。) |
| municipal water management Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management | 城市供水管理 (处理有关规划、加工、建造和生产等供水和水技术的城市水务管理。它还涉及污水收集、污水处置、农村地区污水处理、节水措施、水体质量管理等问题。) |
| National Water Authority | 英国全国水质管理局 |
| National Water Council | 英国全国水质委员会 |
| National Water Resources Committee | 美国国家水资源委员会 |
| non-demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government | 非领地水 (个人或实体而非国家政府拥有并维护的水体。) |
| Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission | 美国俄亥俄河流域水质卫生委员会 |
| Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Committee | 美国俄亥俄河流域水质卫生委员会 |
| Oil Companies International Study Group for Conservation of Clean Air and Water | 石油公司保护净化空气和水资源国际研究组 |
| percolating water Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance | 渗滤水 (在重力下穿过岩石或土壤沿着最简便的方法渗透的表层下水。) |
| primary water treatment | 初级的水处理 |
| process water Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process | 工艺用水 (在制造或处理过程中，或在实际产品生产过程中使用的水。例子包括用于洗涤、漂洗、直接接触、冷却、化学反应和气洗涤工业和食品加工应用程序中使用的水。很多的情况下，水是用来专门处理生产过程所需的水质。) |
| rain water Water which falls as rain from clouds | 雨水 (从云中以雨的形式落下的水。) |
| rain water sewer system Channels for clearing away rain water | 排雨系统 (排走雨水的沟渠。) |
| raw water | 生〔原，硬〕水 |
| raw water | 未经处理 〔净化〕的水 |
| raw water Water that has not been treated | 未净化的水 (未经处理的水。) |
| Regional Water Quality Control Boards | 地区水质量控制局 |
| residual amount of water Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities | 水剩余量 (水力发电厂用过之后的水道中水的流量，这也是为了保持满足生物区生存需要的旱季流量。) |
| restoration of water Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach | 水的恢复 (被污染的水重新变干净的过程，特别是通过抽水处理的方法。) |
| river water Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing | 河水 (水流，在河道里从高处流向低处的河或海，但在沙漠中会逐渐减少到没有。) |
| route of global water circulation | 全球水分循环路线 |
| rural water supply | 农村水供给 |
| Safe Drinking water Act | 美国饮用水安全条例 |
| salt water Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity | 盐水 (海里的水，有盐度高低的区别。) |
| saprobic water classification | 水的污水生物分级 |
| sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water | 海水 (以多少的固定比例溶解盐的溶剂，它的组成依赖于几个因素，主要的包括生物、沉积碎屑和相关化学反应。海水有98%的水并覆盖全球70%。因为海洋的组成和稳定性和它们被控制的方式，它们对气候非常重要。人们对海水污染的研究很重视。人们的活动被认为加速了海水组成的变化。) |
| sea water desalination Removing salt from ocean or brackish water | 海水脱盐 (从海水或咸味的水中去掉盐。) |
| sea water protection | 海水保护 |
| secondary water treatment | 次级的水处理 |
| seepage water Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage | 泄漏水 (水慢慢通过很小的可渗透物质的开口例如泥土或已经泄漏的水。) |
| soil water Water stored in soils | 土壤水分 (储藏在土壤中的水分。) |
| spring water Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground | 泉水 (地下形成的水天然流向地表，如果地下没有收集则水自然流向地表。) |
| storm water basin Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm | 雨水盆地 (风暴降雨期间用来积水的盆地。) |
| surface water All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow | 地表水 (地球表面发现在溪流、河流、池塘、湖泊、沼泽、湿地和冰雪的所有水域。) |
| surface water | 地面〔地表〕水 |
| surface water management The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.) | 地面水管理 (自然开放时(河流、湖泊、水库、池塘、溪流、海洋等)的水的管理或处理。) |
| tertiary water treatment | 三级水处理 |
| thermal water Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature | 热水 (其温度明显高于当地年平均气温的泉水或间歇泉。) |
| tidal water Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action | 潮水 (水由于潮汐作用的水平周期性变化。) |
| total precipitable water | 总可降水分 |
| traffic on water The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area | 水上交通 (小船和其它船只在任何水路或水域中的运动。) |
| underground sources of drinking water | 地下饮用水源 |
| untreated water | 未经处理过的水 |
| urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town | 城市用水 (城镇中用于私人和公共用途的水。) |
| urban water supply The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs | 城市供水 (用于一个城镇、城市或市区的水的分配，包括收集、处理和储存，一般用于家庭和工业需求。) |
| used water Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization | 已用水 (从家庭、社区、农场或工业场所流出的废水或已利用过的水，往往是利用后排放的水。) |
| utility water | 公用水源 |
| waste water Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible | 废水 (允许流出或不可避免地从运河、沟渠、水库或其它水体中流出的用过的水或不需要的水，这些废水的所有者对其负法律责任。) |
| waste water charge Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm, or industry | 废水费 (为管理来自家庭、社区农场、或工业中使用过的水中可溶物或悬浮物而征收的费用、开支或成本。) |
| waste water discharge The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process | 废水排放 (来自任何废水处理过程中的已处理过的流出物。) |
| waste water disposal Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants | 废水处理 (通过包含管道和污水处理厂的系统对工业和城市居民产生的废水进行收集和清除。) |
| waste water legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the outflow and disposal of spent or used water from a home, community, farm or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter | 废水立法 (由政府制定的具有约束力的规则或规则体，以管理从家庭、社区、农场或工业中流出的含有溶解物或悬浮物的废水或已使用过的水的流出和处理。) |
| waste water load The amount of spent or used water, often containing dissolved and suspended matter, that is found in a stream or some other body of water | 废水负荷 (指含有溶解物和悬浮物废物的或已使用过的水的总量，这些水常见于河流或其它水体中。) |
| waste water pollution The impairment of the quality of some medium due to the introduction of spent or used water from a community or industry | 废水污染 (由于社区或工业中的废水或已使用过的水的引入而导致的某些媒介物的质量减损。) |
| waste water purification Processing of waste water for reuse | 废水净化 (废水再利用的处理过程。) |
| waste water quality The state or condition of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm or industry | 废水质量 (从家庭、社区、农场或工业中流出的含有溶解物或悬浮物的废水或已使用过的水的状况。) |
| waste water reduction The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries | 减少废水 (减少从家庭、商业或工业中排放已使用过的水或废水的行为和过程。) |
| waste water sludge The removed materials resulting from physical, biological and chemical treatment of waste water | 废水污泥 (废水进行物理的、生物的和化学的处理所产生的移除物。) |
| waste water statistics No definition needed | 废水统计 (无需定义。) |
| waste water treatment Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes | 废水处理 (清除废水中的废料成分，使其无害于人类健康和环境的任何过程。) |
| waste water treatment plant Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas | 废水处理厂 (通过物理、化学和生物过程，在住宅，商业和工业废水排入河流、湖泊和海洋之前对有机物、细菌、病毒和固体进行清除的工厂。) |
| water aeration Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level | 水充气 (通过在污水或水中增加空气含量，提高溶氧水平。) |
| water analysis Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water | 水质分析 (对水的化学、物理和生物性质的研究。) |
| water body Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes | 水体 (有明确的水文、物理、化学和生物特征，并可被应用于一个或多个目的的任何规模的水。) |
| water bottom The floor upon which any body of water rests | 水底 (任何水体都依赖其上的基底。) |
| water bottom | 油罐，油船水垫 |
| water catchment protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins | 集水区保护 (为防止或减少水资源破坏，对蓄水的流域(如水库或水池)环境的完整性采取的预防措施、程序或设备。) |
| water collection The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir | 水收集 (在一个结构体(如流域或水库中)，对水(特别是雨水)的收集。) |
| Water Conditioning Fund | 水质改善基金 |
| water conservation The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes | 水利 (为了利用水资源，对水资源的保护、发展和有效管理。) |
| water consumption | 耗〔饮〕水量 |
| water consumption | 水耗量 |
| water consumption The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment | 用水量 (一个社区或人群用以生存、舒适和享受所必需的用水方式和数量。) |
| Water Control Laws | 美国水控制法案 |
| water corrosivity Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper | 水的腐蚀性 (水和金属表面及储存或运输水的材料之间的复杂的系列化学反应。腐蚀过程是一个氧化/还原反应，它返回提炼的或加工的金属矿石的更稳定的状态。至于饮用水的腐蚀可能性，首要关注的问题包括有毒金属(如铅和铜)的潜在存在。) |
| water cost The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water | 水成本 (对水的生产和持续供应所需的价值和金额。) |
| water damage Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. | 水损害 (水损害可能会由洪水、严重的暴风雨、海啸、地震海浪、风暴潮等造成。) |
| water demand | 水需求 |
| water demineralisation The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures | 水去除矿物质 (通过化学、离子交换、或蒸馏程序去除水中的矿物质。) |
| water desalination Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water | 水去盐化 (去除水中的部分或全部盐的任何手工程序或过程。) |
| water distribution system The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries | 配水系统 (对社区和工业供水的管道系统。) |
| water endangering Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works | 水危害 (可能由各种方式造成，如各种动物废弃物和青贮酒(出自家畜食用绿叶的酒，已加入糖蜜促进发酵和保护，它们是高度污染，也可能是在小溪内鱼类死亡的季节性原因)引起的农场污染、垃圾填埋场的渗滤液，和煤矸石的堆积，溶剂排放到下水道或土地以及污水处理厂处理能力的不足。) |
| water engineering | 水道〔水利,给水〕工程 |
| water erosion The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. 1. Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. 2. Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. 3. Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully | 水侵蚀 (坚石被水细分成更小的颗粒和被搬移。由于风化，侵蚀是一种自然地质过程，但更快速的侵蚀主要来自不良的土地使用办法，导致肥沃的土地表层的流失和水坝、湖泊、河流和港口的淤积。水的侵蚀可分为三类：a.当雨滴冲击裸露的土壤会发生溅击侵蚀，会使之如泥土般地飞溅，流入土壤中的空间，土壤上层会变成一个无结构、压缩的团块，用坚硬的、基本不透水的地壳来干燥。b.大雨时土壤随地表径流移动时会发生表面流。c.当水和土壤的混合流开切一条渠道时会发生渠道流，它会通过进一步的冲刷而变深。一个小的渠道被称为细沟，更大的渠道被称为沟壑。) |
| water extraction Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.) | 水提取 (抽水用于不同目的(如农业、土地复垦、家庭和工业用途等)。) |
| water flea Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell | 水蚤 (淡水鳃足甲壳类动物，特点是有一个透明的双壳。) |
| water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water | 农业用水 (农业中用于灌溉和畜牧业的水。畜牧业用水只有农业总用水量的百分之一。在所有功能性用水中，灌溉用水占有最大的农业用水比重。) |
| water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use | 消耗用水 (消耗用水始于回收，但在这种情况下，没有任何回收，例如灌溉、散发到大气中的蒸汽、在最终产品中所包含的水，也就是说，它不再是直接供以后使用的水。) |
| water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources | 工业用水 (用于工业中的水，如用于制造、加工、清洗和冷却，它是从公共供水或通过自我供应的来源所获得。) |
| water hardness The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water | 水的硬度 (钙和镁的盐类在水中的溶解量。) |
| water hyacinth Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa | 水葫芦 (浮动水生植物，美洲热带地区的水葫芦，有华丽的蓝紫色花朵和肿胀的叶柄：雨久花科。它形成于河流、池塘等的密集区，是美国南部、爪哇、澳大利亚、新西兰以及非洲部分地区的一种严重的有害植物。) |
| water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores | 水渗透到地下 (地表水通过裂缝和孔进入土壤或岩石的运动。) |
| water level | 水位高度 |
| water level The level reached by the surface of a body of water | 水位 (水体表面所达到的水平。) |
| water management Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources | 水管理 (为确保有足够的水供应和可靠的水资源可利用而采取的措施。) |
| water management information system | 水质管理信息系统 |
| water mill | 水轮机 |
| water mill A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river | 水磨机 (通过流动的水来驱动的磨坊，由转动的大轮来提供动力，最常见的是由河流的流水来推动。) |
| water monitor | 水位控制器 |
| water monitor | 水放射性记录〔监测〕器 |
| water monitoring Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities | 水质监测 (用以估计污染物、营养物和水体中含有的悬浮固体的数量和质量，评估与农业实践、工业活动或其他人类活动相关的水源和因素的研究。) |
| water pollutant A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water | 水污染物 (引入到任何水体中、可能对水体的自然条件和其它相关水体产生不利改变的化学或物理因素。) |
| water pollution The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water | 水质污染 (人为的或人为诱发的对水的化学、物理、生物和放射性完整性的改变。) |
| water pollution control | 水污染控制 |
| Water Pollution Control Administration | 美国水污染控制管理局 |
| Water Pollution Control Federation | 美国水污染控制联合会 |
| water pollution index | 水污染指数 |
| water pollution prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water | 水污染防治 (为避免或阻碍人为的或人为诱发的对水的化学、物理、生物和放射性完整性的改变而实施的预防措施、行为及相关设备。) |
| Water Pollution Research Laboratory | 英国水污染研究实验室 |
| water power Energy obtained from natural or artificial waterfalls, either directly by turning a water wheel or turbine, or indirectly by generating electricity in a dynamo driven by a turbine | 水电 (通过天然或人工瀑布，直接驱动水轮或涡轮，或间接的通过涡轮驱动的发电机发电获得的能源。) |
| water pricing Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold | 水定价 (制定购买或出售水的利率或价格。) |
| water protection Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems | 水资源保护 (保护地表水和地下水的措施，以确保水的持续可用性以满足不断增长的家庭、商业和工业用途，以确保自然生态系统有足够的水。) |
| water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater | 水保护区 (水资源回收厂的周边地区，在此限制或禁止某些形式的土壤使用，以保护地下水。) |
| water protection directive | 水保护指令 |
| water protection legislation | 水资源保护立法 |
| water pump A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source | 水泵 (通常从水井或井眼来提升水位的机器或设备，通过手动或发动机、风或其他动力来源。) |
| water purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized | 水净化 (任何清除或中和不需要的水中杂质的过程。) |
| water purification plant Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes | 水净化厂 (将水通过物理和化学过程，变为适于人类消费及其它用途的工厂。) |
| water quality A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water | 水质 (构成水的性质的成份(有机和无机，化学或物理)的分等级的值。) |
| Water Quality Commission | 水质委员会 |
| water quality directive EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption | 水质指令 (由欧盟委员会制定的与人类消费的水有关的规则。) |
| water quality improvement Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water | 水质改善 (环境条件改善和水净化的进展。) |
| water quality index | 水质指数 |
| water quality management Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters | 水质管理 (水质管理涉及四个主要元素：由水所组成的使用(休闲、饮水、鱼类和野生动物繁殖、工业或农业)；保护这些用途的水的标准；实施计划(所需的工业、市政废水处理的改进)和执行计划；和一个反水质退化声明，以保护现有的高品质的水域。) |
| Water Quality Office | 美国环境保护局水质处 |
| Water Quality Research Council | 美国水质研究委员会 |
| water quantity management The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water | 水量管理 (可用的饮用水水量的管理和处理。) |
| water regeneration A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention | 水再生 (微生物、植物、树木或地球物理的分解过程，退化或过滤掉水体中的有害物质或污染物，在没有任何人为干预情况下清洁和处理污染水的自然过程。) |
| water regulatory authority The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources | 水管理权 (政府机构或管理者的权力，管理和实施有关保存和保护水资源的条例、法律和政策。) |
| Water Research Association | 英国水质研究协会 |
| water reservoir Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use | 水库 (人工或天然的水区域，用于住宅或工业用途的蓄水。) |
| water resource Water in any of its forms, wherever located - atmosphere, surface or ground - which is or can be of value to man | 水资源 (任何形式、位于任何地方(大气、地表或地面)的可被人类利用的水。) |
| water resources conservation Controlled utilization or protection of any supply of water so that it is potentially useful for some purpose, such as for an economic, recreational or life-sustaining purpose | 水资源保护 (对任何供水的控制使用或保护，以便用于一些潜在的用途，例如，经济实用、娱乐或维持生命的目的。) |
| Water Resources Council | 美国水资源委员会 |
| Water Resources Development Center | 水资源开发中心 |
| water resources legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to manage and protect an area's natural water supply and waterways | 水资源立法 (由政府规定的具有约束力的规则或规则体来管理和保护一个地区的天然水源和水道。) |
| water resources management Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability | 水资源管理 (有关水的供应、其使用效率的提高、损失和浪费的减少、节水实践的措施和活动，以降低成本，减缓供水损耗，以确保未来水资源的供应。) |
| water retention coefficient | 保水系数 |
| water reuse Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process | 水再利用 (在不同的生产过程中使用处理过的废水或使用污水处理设施。) |
| water salination Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised | 水盐化 (水变得更咸的过程，常见于炎热的实行灌溉的国家。) |
| water salinity The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand | 水盐度 (按重量计算，每千份水所溶解盐的程度。) |
| water saving Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems | 节水 (为确保人类和自然生态系统使用的水的持续可用性而进行的水资源管理。) |
| water science The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment | 水科学 (研究地球上水的发生、流通、分布和特性，以及它们与环境的反应的科学。) |
| water seepage The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water | 渗水 (水通过非饱和土表面的小开口和空间缓慢移动进入或离开地面或地下的水。) |
| water statistics No definition needed | 水统计 (无需定义。) |
| water supply A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable | 供水 (可使用水的来源和可利用量，还包括使水可用的水库系统、水井、管道和处理设施。) |
| water supply | 供水量 |
| water table Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply | 地下水 (占据在孔隙、孔洞、裂缝和地壳岩石等空间的水。它包括从大气中沉淀下来通过土壤渗透的水，在岩浆活动期间从深岩浆源中上升所释放的水，和自形成以来保留在沉积岩的化石水。地下水的存在对于几乎所有的风化过程操作都是必要的。潜水是地下水的代名词，也是最重要的供水来源。) |
| water table protection Water table is inherently susceptible to contamination from landuse activities. Remediation is very expensive and often impractical. Prevention of contamination is therefore critical in effective groundwater management | 地下水保护 (地下水极易受到土地利用活动的污染。整治地下水是非常昂贵的，而且往往是不切实际的。因此防止污染在地下水的有效管理中很关键。) |
| water taste Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use | 水味 (水味可由异物杂质所造成，如有机化合物、无机盐或溶解的气体。这些材料可能来自家庭、农业和自然来源。有些物质在地下水中自然存在，而不一定是有害的，可能会给水带来一种不愉快的味道或不良属性。硫酸镁、硫酸钠、氯化钠只是其中几种。可接受的水使用时应没有任何不良的味道。) |
| water transportation Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea or on inland waterways | 水路运输 (通过海上或内河航道行驶的船舶运输货物或人员。) |
| water treatment | 软水处理 |
| water treatment | 海水淡化 |
| water treatment | 净，软水处理 |
| water treatment | 的净化 |
| water treatment Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use | 水处理 (水的净化，使之适合饮用或用于其它任何用途。) |
| water utilisation Three types of water use are distinguished: 1. withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; 2. consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; 3. non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation | 用水 (水的使用可分为三种类型：1.回收，水来自河流、地表或地下水库，取用后返回到天然水体，如：用于工业生产过程中进行冷却的水。这种回流对于河流下游的用户从河流中取水非常重要；2.消耗，开始于回收，但在这种情况下没有任何返回，如灌溉、蒸汽散发到大气中、最终产品中所包含的水，也就是说，它不再是直接供日后使用；3.非回收，即水的就地使用(包括木材业中原木的飘浮)、钓鱼、休闲、污水处理和水电发电。) |
| water vapor intensive observing period | 水蒸气强度观测周期 |
| water weed cutting Cutting down by scythe or machine at intervals the vegetation growth and grasses on banks and berms of irrigation and drainage channels or cropped areas | 水草切割 (按时间间隔由镰刀或机器切割河堤、灌溉护堤和排水渠道或耕种区的植被和草。) |
| water well A well sunk to extract water from a zone of saturation | 水井 (从饱和区下沉处提取水的井。) |
