坯壳自然收缩(The ultimate goal of the research project is to increase the understanding of the mechanism of formation of these defects, and to find a taper design for the narrow face of the mold that more closely matches the natural shrinkage of the shell, in order to reduce the stress and distortion of mold and other related problems. 本研究项目的最终目的是增加对这些缺陷形成机理的认识，探索与铸坯壳自然收缩更加匹配的结晶器窄面的锥度设计，以期减少结晶器的应力与变形以及其他相关问题。)
凝固收缩(率: The great fluidity of cast iron and its low shrinkage on solidification make possible close tolerances and considerable freedom in design. 由于铸铁具有良好的流动性和较低的凝固收缩率，故而可获得较高的精度公差和相当大的设计自由度。)
缩孔(The objective of this paper is to investigate the formation of shrinkage pipe, so that a better ending process is proposed to reduce the pipe and the crop loss. 本文的目的是对缩管的形成进行研究，因此为了减少缩管和切头损失，本文提出一项更好的尾浇法。)
