| met. | brief development history of continuous metal casting | 连铸发展简史 (Brief Development History of Continuous Metal Casting The initial continuous casting technology was mainly used for casting non-ferrous metal. In 1933 S. Junghans, the father of modem continuous casting technology, built a vertical continuous casting equipment, using mold oscillation technology. It was successfully used for casting brass and aluminum alloy. In 1943 S. Junghans built the world's first experimental continuous casting machine for casting liquid steel in Germany, and put forward the technologies of water-cooled oscillation mold, submerged entry nozzle and adding powder on steel in mold. These laid a solid foundation for the development of the modem continuous steel casting technology. In the 1950's continuous casting technology of steel began its industrial application. In 1951 the world's first industrial-scale stainless steel slab caster was put into production in Red October Steel Works in the Former Soviet Union. The greater part of continuous casting machines, which were put into production in 1950's, adopted vertical type. After entering 1960's, curved slab, billet and bloom casters were put into operation one after another. Since 1970's, along with rapid improvement of continuous steel casting technology a series of new technologies, equipment and processes, including soft reduction, split rolls, multipoint unbending, continuous leveling, electromagnetic stirring, shrouded casting, breakout prediction, tundish metallurgy, mold metallurgy, automatic liquid level control, automatic secondary cooling control, on-line variable width of mold, near-net-shape casting and high efficient continuous casting, have been successfully developed. At the same time, continuous casting production is rapidly developed, continuously cast percentage has been increasing year after year, the ingot casting steps down from the steel production route step by step, and 100% continuous cast steel plants and companies are constantly emerging. 连铸发展简史初期的连铸技术主要应用于有色金属的浇铸。1933年现代连铸之父容汉斯在德国建成一台采用结晶器振动技术的立式连铸设备，并成功地将其运用于黄铜和铝合金的浇铸。1943年容汉斯在德国建成世界第一台用于浇注钢水的试验性连铸机，并提出了水冷振动结晶器、浸人式水口和结晶器钢水面加保护剂等技术，为现代连续铸钢技术的发展奠定了基础。20世纪50年代，连续铸钢技术开始投人工业应用。1951年世界首台工业规模的不锈钢板坯连铸机在前苏联红十月钢厂投产。50年代投产的连铸机机型多为立式。进人20世纪60年代后，相继有板坯和方坯弧形连铸机投产。从 20 世纪 70 年代开始，连续铸钢技术日臻完善，轻压下、分节辊、多点矫直、连续矫直、电磁搅拌、保护浇注、漏钢预报、中间包冶金、结晶器冶金、液面自动控制、二冷动态控制、结晶器在线调宽、近终形连铸和高效连铸等一系列新技术、新设备和新工艺成功开发。与此同时，连铸生产迅猛发展，连铸比逐年上升，钢锭模铸逐渐退出钢铁生产流程，全连铸厂、全连铸公司不断涌现。) |
